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Τρίτη 21 Απριλίου 2020

M


Long-Lived Particles at the Energy Frontier: The MATHUSLA Physics Case
We examine the theoretical motivations for long-lived particle (LLP) signals at the LHC in a comprehensive survey of standard model (SM) extensions. LLPs are a common prediction of a wide range of theories that address unsolved fundamental mysteries such as naturalness, dark matter, baryogenesis and neutrino masses, and represent a natural and generic possibility for physics beyond the SM (BSM). In most cases the LLP lifetime can be treated as a free parameter from the mu m scale up to the Big Bang...
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15h
Kanontechniken im 14. und 15. Jahrhundert. Zur Korrelation von Notation und Tonsatz
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16h
Hypatia
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18h
Causes, manifestations, and complications of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in adults
Generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) represents the most clinically dramatic and life-threatening type of status epilepticus, characterized either by continuous generalized tonic–clonic convulsive seizures or by repetitive bilateral convulsive seizures without recovery to functional baseline in the interictal periods. Although GCSE can emerge from partial seizures or partial status epilepticus, and the convulsions typically decrease by frequency and intensity over time, the widespread...
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18h
The history of continuous EEG monitoring
The history of electroencephalography (EEG) began in the late 1800s and has increasingly led to clinical, experimental, and computational studies that have enabled the discovery, understanding, recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of a great number of neurophysiological abnormalities and critical illnesses of the brain and spinal cord. Currently, EEGs are often continuously recorded mostly using scalp or cortical electrodes with enough digital EEG memory to store extended recordings of several hours....
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18h
Coherent Optical Control of a Quantum-Dot Spin-Qubit in a Waveguide-Based Spin-Photon Interface
Waveguide-based spin-photon interfaces on the GaAs platform have emerged as a promising system for a variety of quantum information applications directly integrated into planar photonic circuits. The coherent control of spin states in a quantum dot can be achieved by applying circularly polarized laser pulses that may be coupled into the planar waveguide vertically through radiation modes. However, proper control of the laser polarization is challenging since the polarization is modified through...
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19h
Closed-Form Weak Localization Magnetoconductivity in Quantum Wells with Arbitrary Rashba and Dresselhaus Spin-Orbit Interactions
We derive a closed-form expression for the weak localization (WL) corrections to the magneto-conductivity of a 2D electron system with arbitrary Rashba alpha and Dresselhaus beta (linear) and beta(3) (cubic) spin-orbit interaction couplings, in a perpendicular magnetic field geometry. In a system of reference with an in-plane (z) over cap axis chosen as the high spin-symmetry direction at alpha = beta, we formulate a new algorithm to calculate the three independent contributions that lead to WL....
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19h
Editorial: RMP: Looking Forward
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20h
The crystal structure of p-type transparent conductive oxide CuBO2
We employed ab initio global structural prediction algorithms to obtain the ground-state structure of CuBO2 This is a very promising p-type transparent conductive oxide that was synthesized recently, and thought to belong to the delafossite family. We proved that the true ground state is certainly not the delafossite structure, and that the most promising candidate is a low symmetry monoclinic phase. This is still a layered structure, but with boron and copper having a different coordination with...
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20h
Particle-particle, particle-scaling function algorithm for electrostatic problems in free boundary conditions
An algorithm for fast calculation of the Coulombic forces and energies of point particles with free boundary conditions is proposed. Its calculation time scales as N log N for N particles. This novel method has lower crossover point with the full O(N-2) direct summation than the fast multipole method. The forces obtained by our algorithm are analytical derivatives of the energy which guarantees energy conservation during a molecular dynamics simulation. Our algorithm is very simple. A version of...
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20h
Efficient solution of Poisson's equation with free boundary conditions
Interpolating scaling functions give a faithful representation of a localized charge distribution by its values on a grid. For such charge distributions, using a fast Fourier method, we obtain highly accurate electrostatic potentials for free boundary conditions at the cost of O(N log N) operations, where N is the number of grid points. Thus, with our approach, free boundary conditions are treated as efficiently as the periodic conditions via plane wave methods. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.
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20h
Direct observation of single organic molecules grafted on the surface of a silicon nanowire
Silicon nanowires inspire since decades a great interest for their fundamental scientific importance and their potential in new technologies. When decorated with organic molecules they form hybrid composites with applications in various fields, from sensors to life science. Specifically the diethyl 1-propylphosphonate/Si combination is considered as a promising alternative to the conventional semiconductor n-type doping methods, thanks to its solution-based processing, which is damage-free and intrinsically...
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20h
Efficiently measuring a quantum device using machine learning
Scalable quantum technologies such as quantum computers will require very large numbers of quantum devices to be characterised and tuned. As the number of devices on chip increases, this task becomes ever more time-consuming, and will be intractable on a large scale without efficient automation. We present measurements on a quantum dot device performed by a machine learning algorithm in real time. The algorithm selects the most informative measurements to perform next by combining information theory...
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20h
Energy landscape of silicon tetra-interstitials using an optimized classical potential
Mobile single interstitials can grow into extended interstitial defect structures during thermal anneals following ion implantation. The silicon tetra-interstitials present an important intermediate structure that can either provide a chain-like nucleation site for extended structures or form a highly stable compact interstitial cluster preventing further growth. In this paper, dimer searches using the tight-binding (TB) model by Lenosky et al. and density functional calculations show that the compact...
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20h
Growth and Structural Properties of Mg-N (N=10-56) Clusters: Density Functional Theory Study
Using the minima hopping global geometry optimization method on density functional potential energy surface, we have studied the structural and electronic properties of magnesium clusters for a size range of Mg-N where N = 10-56. Our exhaustive search reveals that most of our global minima are nonsymmetric in the size range above N = 20. We elucidate the evolutionary trend of the entire series and present more details about the peculiar growth of the clusters. For N> 20, it is possible to divide...
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20h
Chemical wiring and soldering toward all-molecule electronic circuitry
Key to single-molecule electronics is connecting functional molecules to each other using conductive nanowires. This involves two issues: how to create conductive nanowires at designated positions, and how to ensure chemical bonding between the nanowires and functional molecules. Here, we present a novel method that solves both issues. Relevant functional molecules are placed on a self-assembled monolayer of diacetylene compound. A probe tip of a scanning tunneling microscope is then positioned on...
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21h
Daubechies wavelets for high performance electronic structure calculations: The BigDFT project
In this contribution we will describe in detail a Density Functional Theory method based on a Daubechies wavelets basis set, named BigDFT. We will see that, thanks to wavelet properties, this code shows high systematic convergence properties, very good performances and an excellent efficiency for parallel calculations. BigDFT code operation are also well-suited for GPU acceleration. We will discuss how the problematic of fruitfully benefit of this new technology can be match with the needs of robustness...
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21h
An efficient numerical quadrature for the calculation of the potential energy of wavefunctions expressed in the Daubechies wavelet basis
An efficient numerical quadrature is proposed for the approximate calculation of the potential energy in the context of pseudo potential electronic structure calculations with Daubechies wavelet and scaling function basis sets. Our quadrature is also applicable in the case of adaptive spatial resolution. Our theoretical error estimates are confirmed by numerical test calculations of the ground state energy and wavefunction of the harmonic oscillator in one dimension with and without adaptive resolution....
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21h
Initial Stage of para-Hexaphenyl Thin-Film Growth Controlled by the Step Structure of the Ion-Beam-Modified TiO2(110) Surface
Organic electronics require a precise control over properties of a moleculeâEuro"substrate interface as well as film growth morphology, from both fundamental points of view, when a clean vacuum environment is needed and also under ambient air conditions. In this paper, we present submonolayer molecular films of para-hexaphenyl (6P) formation on the rutile TiO2(110) substrates and ways of affecting the growth and morphology via ion-beam nanopatterning. Ultrahigh vacuum deposition and measurements...
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21h
Observatory science with eXTP
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21h
Atomic Friction: Anisotropy and Asymmetry Effects
The NaCl(001) surface was investigated by friction force microscopy in ultra-high vacuum conditions at room temperature. A homemade atomic force microscope was used which allows an in situ sample rotation. With this ability, it is not only possible to measure friction along arbitrary orientations of the NaCl crystal, but also the symmetry directions of the sample can be precisely tuned parallel to the scan orientation which is fixed orthogonal to the cantilever axis for a calibrated friction measurement....
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21h
Majorana Fermions in magnetic chains
Majorana fermions have recently garnered a great attention outside the field of particle physics, in condensed matter physics. In contrast to their particle physics counterparts, Majorana fermions are zero energy, chargeless, spinless, composite quasiparticles, residing at the boundaries of so-called topological superconductors. Furthermore, in opposition to any particles in the standard model, Majorana fermions in solid-state systems obey non-Abelian exchange statistics that make them attractive...
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21h
Repeated Evolution Versus Common Ancestry: Sex Chromosome Evolution in the Haplochromine Cichlid Pseudocrenilabrus philander
Why sex chromosomes turn over and remain undifferentiated in some taxa, whereas they degenerate in others, is still an area of ongoing research. The recurrent occurrence of homologous and homomorphic sex chromosomes in distantly related taxa suggests their independent evolution or continued recombination since their first emergence. Fishes display a great diversity of sex-determining systems. Here, we focus on sex chromosome evolution in haplochromines, the most species-rich lineage of cichlid fishes....
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22h
Phylogenomics of an extra-Antarctic notothenioid radiation reveals a previously unrecognized lineage and diffuse species boundaries
The impressive adaptive radiation of notothenioid fishes in Antarctic waters is generally thought to have been facilitated by an evolutionary key innovation, antifreeze glycoproteins, permitting the rapid evolution of more than 120 species subsequent to the Antarctic glaciation. By way of contrast, the second-most species-rich notothenioid genus, Patagonotothen, which is nested within the Antarctic clade of Notothenioidei, is almost exclusively found in the non-Antarctic waters of Patagonia. While...
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22h
Time matters! Developmental shift in gene expression between the head and the trunk region of the cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni
Differential gene expression can be translated into differing phenotypic traits. Especially during embryogenesis, specific gene expression networks regulate the development of different body structures. Cichlid fishes, with their impressive phenotypic diversity and propensity to radiate, are an emerging model system in the genomics era. Here we set out to investigate gene expression throughout development in the well-studied cichlid fish Astatotilapia burtoni, native to Lake Tanganyika and its affluent...
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22h
Comment on patient adherence to novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for the treatment of atrial fibrillation and occurrence of associated bleeding events: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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22h
Do Swiss community pharmacists address the risk of sexually transmitted infections during a consultation on emergency contraception? A simulated patient study
Objectives:; Since 2002, Swiss community pharmacists have dispensed emergency contraception (EC) as pharmacist-only medicine ideally using the official Swiss protocol. Our study aimed to determine pharmacists' resolution of an imaginary EC case, compliance with the protocol, and provision of information on the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).; Methods:; We conducted a simulated patient study with 69 students who each visited a community pharmacy. The scenario started with the student...
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22h
Comment on "Efficacy of long-term oral vitamin B12 supplementation after total gastrectomy: results from a prospective study"
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22h
A survey to assess the availability, implementation rate and remuneration of pharmacist-led cognitive services throughout Europe
Pharmacist-led cognitive services (PLCS) are increasingly necessary in primary care as a response to patient-centered care. However, the implementation rate and remuneration models of PLCS are either absent or superficially described in the literature.; The aim of this study is to review the implementation of PLCS in primary care across Europe and explore the associated third-party paid remuneration models.; A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey sent to representatives of 44...
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22h
Peer review and publication delay
Selecting peer reviewers is a crucial stage of the editorial process that ensures the quality of scholarly publications. An alternative to selecting peer reviewers from data bases created with expressions of interest of volunteers consists in systematically searching PubMed for similar articles and inviting their authors to act as peer reviewers. Although this process might identify more appropriate peers, it also can increase the time of the editorial process. In 2018, Pharmacy Practice had to invite...
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22h
Organic Compounds in a Sub-Antarctic Ice Core: A Potential Suite of Sea Ice Markers
Investigation of organic compounds in ice cores can potentially unlock a wealth of new information in these climate archives. We present results from the first ever ice core drilled on sub-Antarctic island Bouvet, representing a climatologically important but understudied region. We analyze a suite of novel and more familiar organic compounds in the ice core, alongside commonly measured ions. Methanesulfonic acid shows a significant, positive correlation to winter sea ice concentration, as does a...
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22h
Radical Formation by Fine Particulate Matter Associated with Highly Oxygenated Molecules
Highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) play an important role in the formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). However, the abundance of HOMs in different environments and their relation to the oxidative potential of fine particulate matter (PM) are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the relative HOM abundance and radical yield of laboratory-generated SOA and fine PM in ambient air ranging from remote forest areas to highly polluted megacities. By electron paramagnetic resonance...
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22h
An extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF) for online measurement of atmospheric aerosol particles
Real-time, online measurements of atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) composition are an essential tool for determining the emissions sources and physicochemical processes governing aerosol effects on climate and health. However, the reliance of current techniques on thermal desorption, hard ionization, and/or separated collection/analysis stages introduces significant uncertainties into OA composition measurements, hindering progress towards these goals. To address this gap, we present a novel, field-deployable...
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22h
Introduction to the special issue "In-depth study of air pollution sources and processes within Beijing and its surrounding region (APHH-Beijing)"
The Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH-Beijing) programme is an international collaborative project focusing on understanding the sources, processes and health effects of air pollution in the Beijing megacity. APHH-Beijing brings together leading China and UK research groups, state-of-the-art infrastructure and air quality models to work on four research themes: (1) sources and emissions of air pollutants; (2) atmospheric processes affecting urban air pollution; (3)...
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22h
Impact of anthropogenic and biogenic sources on the seasonal variation in the molecular composition of urban organic aerosols: a field and laboratory study using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry
This study presents the molecular composition of organic aerosol (OA) using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (Orbitrap) at an urban site in Central Europe (Zurich, Switzerland). Specific source spectra were also analysed, including samples representative of woodburning emissions from Alpine valleys during wood-burning pollution episodes and smog chamber investigations of woodsmoke, as well as samples from Hyytiala, which were strongly influenced by biogenic secondary organic aerosol. While...
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22h
Direct Depolymerization Coupled to Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Characterization of the Surface of Plant Tissues
The cuticle, the outermost layer covering the epidermis of most aerial organs of land plants, can have a heterogeneous composition even on the surface of the same organ. The main cuticle component is the polymer cutin which, depending on its chemical composition and structure, can have different biophysical properties. In this study, we introduce a new on-surface depolymerization method coupled to liquid extraction surface analysis (LESA) high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for a fast and spatially...
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22h
Direct Injection Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Primary and Secondary Terrestrial and Marine Biomarkers in Ice Cores
Many atmospheric organic compounds are long-lived enough to be transported from their sources to polar regions and high mountain environments where they can be trapped in ice archives. While inorganic components in ice archives have been studied extensively to identify past climate changes, organic compounds have rarely been used to assess paleo-environmental changes, mainly due to the lack of suitable analytical methods. This study presents a new method of direct injection high performance liquid...
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22h
A light-driven burst of hydroxyl radicals dominates oxidation chemistry in newly activated cloud droplets
Aerosol particles and their interactions with clouds are one of the most uncertain aspects of the climate system. Aerosol processing by clouds contributes to this uncertainty, altering size distributions, chemical composition, and radiative properties. Many changes are limited by the availability of hydroxyl radicals in the droplets. We suggest an unrecognized potentially substantial source of OH formation in cloud droplets. During the first few minutes following cloud droplet formation, the material...
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22h
A new method for the determination of primary and secondary terrestrial and marine biomarkers in ice cores using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry
The majority of atmospheric compounds measured in ice cores are inorganic, while analysis of their organic counterparts is a less well developed field. In recent years, understanding of formation, transport pathways and preservation of these compounds in ice and snow has improved, showing great potential for their use as biomarkers in ice cores. This study presents an optimised analytical technique for quantification of terrestrial and marine biosphere emissions of secondary organic aerosol (SOA)...
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22h

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