Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global problem. Association of multiple genes in T2DM becomes a hot point recently. This study was aimed to evaluate association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to T2DM. Subjects and methods: One hundred T2DM Saudi male patients were included in this study and one hundred healthy Saudi men were used as control. For each individual, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, HbA1c, insulin and 25-(OH) vitamin D were...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Background: The study investigated predictors of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods: Data on demographics, anthropometric and clinical parameters were collected in a cross-section survey from 140 adults with T2DM, using standard tools/instruments. Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) was assessed as a measure of glycemic control. Results: Majority (83.3%) had poor glycemic control status of which about 95% constitute the elderly. The elderly (OR= 5.90, 95% Cl: 1.66-20.96) were more likely...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Prevalence of ECG abnormalities among adults with metabolic syndrome in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Background: Co-existence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and electrocardiography (ECG) abnormalities heightens the risk of sudden cardiac death. However, there is a gap in evidence of how ECG changes cluster among continental Africans with or without MetS.Methods: We included 491 participants with interpretable ECG tracings who were consecutively recruited into the Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Registry (CRP). CRP is a registry of newly presenting patients into cardiology clinic of the University College...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Background: Tears are a critical body extracellular fluid coating the surface epithelial cells of the cornea and conjunctiva, and providing the optically smooth surface necessary for refraction of light onto the retina. The biological and chemical properties of tears change in response to systemic disease.Objectives: This study assessed the concentration of calcium, magnesium and phosphate levels in tears of diabetics.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study involving twenty diabetics visiting...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Background and objectives: A lot of research has been directed towards medicinal plants which are considered as a source of multiple phytotherapic substances endowed with hypoglycemic activities that could be used to treat diabetes and its complications. Our study was carried out in Wistar rats to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of n-Butanol Fraction from Artemisia campestris leaf Methanolic Extract (BFACME).Methods: Two experimental models were used in rats: orally induced hyperglycemia (OGTT)...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Background: The 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline categorized blood pressure into 4 levels:normal (SBP<120 and DBP <80mm Hg), elevated (SBP of 120–129 or DBP< 80 mmHg) and stage 1 (SBP of 130–139 or DBP of 80–89 mm Hg) or 2 (SBP≥140 orDBP≥90mmHg). Compared with the JNC7 guideline, the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline recommends using lower SBP and DBP levels to define hypertension.Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypertension as well as associated factors among students of the University of Kinshasa.Methods:...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Introduction: Hypertension is a cause and consequence of chronic kidney disease globally. The other factors that work in concert with hypertension to cause CKD are yet to be clearly elucidated. Studies have identified proteinuria, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking and family history of CKD as renal risk factors. Due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with occurrence of CKD including the enormous financial burden involved in its management, the knowledge of prevention and understanding of...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Background: Aging is the major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases as aging increases plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and endothelial dysfunction. Physical exercise is a potential strategy for improving the endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation that accompanies aging. However, there is a need to differentiate between aerobic and resistance exercise training regarding endothelial activation markers and systemic inflammation among elderly population. Objective:...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Background: Although post-menopausal obesity is an important public national health problem in Saudi Arabia, to date no study has evaluated the effects of weight reduction on biochemical & clinical parameters and quality of Life for obese Saudi post-menopausal women. Objective: The aim of this study was examine the effects of aerobic versus resisted exercise training effects upon systemic inflammation biomarkers and quality of life for obese post-menopausal Saudi women. Material and Methods:...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Air Q 2.2.3 was used to predicted hospital admissions respiratory disease cases due to SO2 and NO2 exposure in two sectors of Egypt during December 2015 to November 2016. Levels were 19, 22 μg/m3 at Ain Sokhna sector and 92, 78 μg/m3 at Shoubra El-Khaima sector for SO2 and NO2, respectively. These levels were less than the Egyptian Permissible limits (125 µg/m³ in urban and 150 µg/m³ in industrial for SO2, 150 µg/m³ in urban and industrial for NO2). Results showed that relative risks were 1.0330...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Background: Harmful alcohol use is a public health problem associated with negative health and socio-economic impacts. However, patterns and dynamics of alcohol use among slum-dwellers in Kenya are poorly understood.Objective: To establish determinants of harmful alcohol use among adults in an urban slum setting in Kenya.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study involving a consecutively selected sample (N=215) from Githurai, in Nairobi. A pre-tested questionnaire that captured data on socio-demographics,...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Background: The effects of electronic cigarettes on the ocular surface has yet to be shown. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of e-cigarette use on the anterior corneal surface integrity.Methods: Forty three males and 21 females with an average of 21years were required to vape 0.05ml of e-liquid of 8mg nicotine concentration. Corneal epithelial thickness (CET) and Non Invasive Keratograph Tear Break up Time (NIKBUT) measurements were obtained prior to and post vaping. The Optovue...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Background: Sleep problems during pregnancy may cause many complications that reduce quality of life.Aim: This study aims to determine the relationship between pregnant women's sleep characteristics and depressive symptoms.Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted. Pregnant women were selected from the population by using the an improbable random sampling method. This study sample included 436 pregnant women who met the study’s inclusion criteria. To collect data, this study...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Aim: To design and validate a MNREAD Asante Twi version reading chart, to aid in the assessment of near visual acuity of natives Ghanaians.Methods: Cross-sectional and experimental designs were employed in phases I and II respectively of this study. The chart was developed using 20 transited pupils in class four in the Kumasi metropolis in phase I and validated in a clinical setting at the Manhyia District Hospital, Kumasi, using students in phase II.Results: A total of 100 participants (mean age;...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:09
Background: The manufacturer Ambu® recommends that the AuraOnce™ laryngeal mask be removed once the patient is fully awake. Studies have shown benefit in removal of the laryngeal mask airway while a patient is deeply anaesthetized. Current evidence is inconclusive, as to which approach is preferable and safer in adults.Methods: one hundred and sixteen adult patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 58. For the deep arm; The AuraOnceTM laryngeal mask was removed after attaining an end tidal...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Adolescents and young adults in South Africa are at increased risk of experiencing negative outcomes from early sex initiation due to the context they develop in. This study aimed at investigating trends and gender differences in early age at sexual debut.Methods: Data from the Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS) of young adults’ conducted between 2002 and 2009 in urban Cape Town were used. Correlates of early sex using ecological risk factors were analysed. Results: Overall mean age at sexual...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Objectives: The objectives were to determine the prevalence of total and specific sexual dysfunction among psychiatric out-patients taking psychotropic medication, assess its relationship with some demographic and clinical variables, determine the effect of sexual dysfunction on subject’s self- esteem and compliance with medication.Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the psychiatric out-patient clinic of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Benin City. The International...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Nigeria accounts for 25% of cases of Female genital mutilation (FGM) worldwide, with increased incidence of cervical cancer.Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between FGM and HPV in a locality with high prevalence of FGM.Methods: Papanicolaou test, DNA hybridization using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and flow-through hybridization was done to determine the genotypic variants of the HPV. Physical examination and questionnaires were also used to ascertain...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Menstrual pain is one of the common gynaecological presentations of women of reproductive age to health care physicians. In Ghana, there exist a paucity of research on the risk factors of dysmenorrhea among older females.Objectives: Very few studies in Ghana have addressed the risk factors for severe dysmenorrhea among University students. This study aims to identify the common risk factors and associated symptoms of menstrual pain which have been previously not caught the attention of...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Objective: Study was planned to determine complementary and alternative treatment methods for menopausal hot flashes.Methods: Women who reported their discomfort of hot flashes as a degree of discomfort of 4 or more according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were included in the study (n:356). In data collection, Questionnaire Form and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approaches Scale were used.Results: The average age of the women was 56.65±6.05 and the average age of menopause was 46.39±5.25....
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
AbstractBackground: Breast cancer remains one of the deadliest non-communicable diseases in the world. In Ethiopia, breast cancer accounts for 33.4% of total cancer diagnosis in women.Objective: This study aims to explore perception about breast screening behavior among reproductive age women.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted as a baseline to identify gaps to design interventions that will enhance breast screening uptake among reproductive age women. Six focus group discussions and 9...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Health Education on reproductive health issues is indispensible in fostering safe sexual and reproductive health more so in rural populations. This study aimed at reflecting the role of health education in improvement of attitude of women to reproductive health in a rural Nigerian Local Government (LG).Methods: There was a pre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention stages in this cross-sectional study. Baseline data was collected from study and control groups after which health...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Toxoplasmosis caused by the obligate intracellular coccidian protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infects all warm-blooded animals including humans. This parasite may develop in both immune-compromised and immunocompetent hosts but usually the disease manifestations strongly differ according to immune status. Immunocompromised hosts develop more severe disease than immunocompetent hosts. Infections in pregnancy carry the risk of foetal involvement and can lead to serious clinical outcomes...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Maternal factors are determinants of birth outcome which includes birth weight, haematological indices and mode of delivery of their babies.Objectives: To determine the impact of parity and gestational age of hypertensive mothers on some neonatal variables.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study of measurement of neonatal variables (birth weight, red blood cells and mode of delivery) among hypertensive mothers and their controls was conducted over a period of six months. Data...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Perinatal and neonatal mortality rates have been described as sensitive indices of the quality of health care services. Regular audits of perinatal and neonatal mortalities are desirable to evaluate the various global interventions.Objective: To describe the current pattern of perinatal and neonatal mortality in a Nigerian tertiary health facility.Methods: Using a prospective audit method, the socio-demographic parameters of all perinatal and neonatal deaths recorded in a Nigerian tertiary...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Stillbirth is a major adverse perinatal outcome especially in low and middle income countries across the globe. Certain factors relating to mothers from such countries may be associated with this adverse condition.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of stillbirth and also explore the maternal socio-demographic factors associated with stillbirth among mothers in rural communities in Anambra Central Senatorial District of Anambra State Nigeria who gave birth between January 2012 and...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: A study was conducted in Zanzibar using ProPAN software to assess nutrient adequacy of foods given to infants and children aged 6-23 months old in Zanzibar.Methodology: The 24-hr dietary recall method embedded in ProPAN software was used to determine the adequacy of energy, protein, iron, calcium, zinc and vitamin A in foods consumed by children. Sample of 200 mothers/caretakers with children aged 6-23 months were interviewed.Results: Most frequent foods given to infants and children...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Malnutrition (under and overnutrition) presents significant threats to child health. The co-existence of under and overnutrition in a population is increasingly being described in the literature .Objective: To identify the prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children in Enugu metropolis.Methods: A cross-sectional study of pre-primary school children conducted from January to May 2016. using stratified sampling technique. Caregiver-administered questionnaire was used to obtain...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Cerebral palsy affects the general neurological development of those involved. This usually culminates into various muscular deficits some of which are amenable to physiotherapy intervention and rehabilitation.Method: A 6 year retrospective study was conducted to find out the clinical presentation and physiotherapy management of cerebral palsy patients in ESUT Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria, between June 2009 and May, 2015.Result: 146(30.2%) cases of cerebral palsy were noted out of...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Medical profession is considered as one of the stressful professions. Work related stress level among the general working population is around 18% while the stress level among the healthcare practitioners is around 28%. Multiple stressors contribute to the stress of doctors resulting in negative consequences.Objective: The objective of the current study was to determine, categorize and to rank the existing stressors according to their significance for medical healthcare professionals...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Introduction: Despite the recognition of Traditional Medicine systems as a critical component of health care by the WHO and the African Union, its integration into the health care mainstream remains very subdued in South Africa. This is partly due to the lack of empirical data pertinent to traditional healer training that could inform the accreditation process. Objective: To determine core competencies acquired by Traditional Health Practitioners (THP) of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa during...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Patient safety is a fundamental component of health care quality and medical errors continue to occur, placing patients at risk. Medical error reporting systems could help reduce the errors. Purpose: This study assessed “Medical error reporting among Physicians and Nurses in Uganda”. The objectives were; (1) identify the existing medical error reporting systems. (2) Assess the types of medical errors that occurred. (3) Establish factors influencing error reporting. Methods: A cross-sectional,...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Introduction: Certain real life applications of scientific and social science ideas that knowingly reject accumulated empirical biomedical evidence have been termed ‘pseudoscience,’ or empirical rejectionism. An uncritical acceptance of empiricism, or even of evidence-based medicine, however, can also be problematic.Objectives: With reference to a specific type of medical denialism associated with moral failure, justified by dissident AIDS and anti-vaccine scientific publications, this paper seeks...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: In developing countries, post-operative pain remains underestimated and undertreated due to economic constraints, lack of awareness and limited resources. In contrast, ketamine is an effective, readily available, easy to use and inexpensive drug frequently used in poor settings.Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the overall reduction in the medication treatment cost of acute post-operative pain by adding intra-operative low-dose ketamine to traditional intravenous morphine...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Propofol is administered as intermittent boluses to achieve deep sedation to facilitate oesophagogastroduodenoscopy. Target controlled infusion (TCI) can be employed for this purpose.Methods: 176 adults were randomly allocated into two groups of 88 patients. Control group: Received an initial bolus of propofol 1mg/kg, with repeat boluses of 0.25mg/kg. Intervention group: Received an initial target effect-site concentration of 4mcg/ml, followed by maintenance target effect-site concentration...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: The aims of this study were to estimate the self-rated oral health status and its associated factors in a national community dwelling population in Kenya.Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a stratified cluster random sampling was conducted in 2015. The total sample included 4,459 individuals 18-69 years (M=40.4 years, SD=13.9). Questionnaire interview, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements, and biochemistry tests were conducted, including questions on the oral health status,...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) is a fibro-osseous jaw bone lesion. The affected bone in COD progressively becomes sclerotic, poorly vascularized and susceptible to secondary osteomyelitis.Objective: To provide a clinico-pathologic appraisal of COD in a South African patient population.Methods: Archived records of 133 patients diagnosed with COD were reviewed for patient demographics, COD location, COD type, osteomyelitis or simple bone cyst secondary to COD.Results: The mean age was...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Self-esteem is a major psychological health issue. People living with HIV and AIDS have been found to be victims of discrimination and stigmatization which affect their self-esteem.Objectives: The study investigated the influence of stigma and discrimination on self-esteem of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHIV).Methods: The design was a cross-sectional study carried out in four teaching hospitals in south-eastern Nigeria between 13th July 2016 - 11th May 2017. Four hundred and eighty-four...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: HIV diagnosis comes with a lot of worry and distress. Ability to objectively estimate this distress by non-psychiatrist will enhance early detection of psychological distress for intervention. Objectives: To investigate the validity of the Distress Thermometer (DT) and its problem checklist in achieving early detection of mental distress among ART-naïve HIV infected patient. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 ART-naïve HIV infected patients completed the DT and its problem check list,...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are of international public health concern. Of more concern are people living with HIV (PLHIV), who have the increased risk of developing NCDs, such as hypertension, stroke and diabetes. Research has revealed that there is a relationship between knowledge of NCD risk factors and risk perceptions in the general population. Therefore, an assessment of PLHIV’s NCD risk factors knowledge is quite critical, to design effective NCD prevention programmes.Objective:...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Kenya is home to an estimated 1.7 million people living with HIV/AIDS. According to the Kenya AIDS Indicator survey KAIS 2012, HIV prevalence in the age group 15-24 stood at 2.2%. Globally, young people aged 15-24 are a highly vulnerable population with respect to HIV/AIDS infection and transmission. HIV testing and counseling services play a critical role as an entry point to care and treatment. However, uptake of HIV testing and counseling services among the youth in Kenya has been...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii is the causative organism of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in humans, which is more common among immunocompromised patients. Classically patients present with fever, non-productive cough, and dyspnoea. In the HIV-infected individuals the symptoms may be subtle at first, but gradually progress over several weeks. In the HIV-uninfected patient, however, the duration of symptoms is shorter and more severe, mainly due to the increased inflammatory response of the HIV-uninfected...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Helicobacter pylori frequently causes gastritis and peptic ulcers, and affected children are at risk of developing gastric carcinoma later in adulthood.Methods: This was a Hospital based cross sectional study. A total of 200 children aged 6 months to 14 years were enrolled. Study subjects were tested for H. pylori using a standard serology rapid test measuring immunoglobulin G for H. pylori. For risk factors, Chi-square tests were used to test for association and then, odds ratios and...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Introduction: Gram-negative bacteria are the major cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) in children. There is limited data on UTI systemic response as measured using C-reactive protein (CRP). Here, we report the association of CRP and UTI among children attending the Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between May and July 2017. Urine and blood were collected and processed within an hour of collection. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13.Results:...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is common in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, poor access to endoscopy services precludes the diagnosis of varices.Objectives: We determined the diagnostic accuracy of routine clinical findings for detection of esophageal varices among patients with UGIB in rural SSA where schistosomiasis is endemic.Methods: We studied patients with a history of UGIB. The index tests included routine clinical findings and the reference test was diagnostic...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: We investigated the relationship between myometrial invasion and the prognostic factors on overall and progression free survival in endometrial carcinoma.Methods: 122 cases operated with endometrial cancer were included into the study. Progression-free survival and overall survival were evaluated according to degree of myometrial invasion. We also investigated the relationship between myometrial invasion and prognostic factors. Results: The 5- year progression-free survival rate was 90...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Introduction: Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) is a virus associated childhood B-cell cancer common in Eastern Africa. Continued survival of B-cells in germinal centres depend on expression of high affinity immunoglobulins (Ig) to complementary antigens by somatic hypermutation of Ig genes. Cellular microRNAs, non-coding RNAs have been reported to play role in cell cycle regulation. Both viral antigen dependent mutation and micro-RNA expression maybe involved in BL pathogenesis.Objective: To describe immunoglobulin...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Intoduction: Burkitt Lymphoma is the fastest growing tumor in human and the commonest of the childhood malignancies. Generalized lymphadenopathy is a common feature of immunodeficiency associated Burkitt lymphoma but an uncommon presentation of the endemic type in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) negative children.Case presentation: The authors report a 6 year old HIV negative boy who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, cough, weight loss, fever and drenching night sweat and had received...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Background: Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CA-ex-PA) is extremely unusual in minor salivary glands of oral cavity. CA-ex-PA is a carcinomatous change as a primary or as a recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma.Objective: Due to resemblance of clinical symptoms of Ca ex PA and benign pleomorphic adenoma, it is mandatory for surgeons to keep high degree of clinical alertness, considering the peculiarity of this tumor.Case Report: 54-year-old male presented with swelling on left side in the pre-auricular...
Fri Jan 17, 2020 16:10
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου