Abstract Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising approach for treatment of wounds infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this approach, delivery of appropriate concentration of photosensitizer (PS) at the infected site is a critical step; it is therefore essential that PS need to be administered at the infected site in a suitable formulation. Here, we report preparation of PS-embedded composite biopolymer films and their photobactericidal properties against...
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Abstract The study aimed to explore the bacterial community composition and the functions of core microbiota in Eucommia ulmoides bark. The bark samples of E. ulmoides were collected from Wangcang Sichuan Province, Cili Hunan Province, and Zunyi Guizhou Province, in China, respectively. Through the high-throughput sequencing methods and techniques, the community composition, core microbiota, and function of the bacteria were studied. The bacterial community of E. ulmoides bark...
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One Saturday morning, an ICU physician called and asked me to talk to a family with whom the team was having difficulty establishing care goals for the family’s loved one. The team knew I’d recently seen the patient for a neurosurgery consult and the family trusted me. The patient was a young Black…
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis involves B cells. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies that induce B-cell depletion, such as rituximab and ocrelizumab, are effective disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis. Ofatumumab, a fully human antibody that is used to treat chronic leukemia,…
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, Ahead of Print. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has rapidly spread worldwide and has been recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Patients with altered immunologic function are at higher risk of acquiring COVID-19. In patients with psoriasis, inhibition of select pro-inflammatory cytokines through the use of biologic agents has...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 15:17
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 8, August 2020. With the increasing use of endovascular technology in the treatment of various conditions, there has been an inevitable rise in cases with extravasation of contrast medium. We present a case in which extravasation of a large quantity of contrast medium resulted in acute communicating hydrocephalus. A 78-year-old woman came to the hospital because of abnormal right-sided limb movement, and was diagnosed with occlusion of the...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 09:32
Cancer Informatics, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2020. The follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) are malignant and benign thyroid neoplasms, respectively. MicroRNA (miRNA) expressions have been touted as an indicator for prognostic outcome in thyroid cancer. The study objective was to explore genes suppressed by miRNA-21-3p and miRNA-21-5p for potential therapeutic insights. Differentially expressed genes and their functional enrichment were obtained from...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 08:55
Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports, Volume 8, Issue , January-December 2020. Drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy (DITMA) is a secondary cause of thrombotic microangiopathy and a potentially fatal inflammatory disease. DITMA has been attributed to a variety of drugs, particularly chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agents. Prompt diagnosis is critical for survival and treatment necessitates withdrawal of the offending drug; however, many cases require further treatment...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 13:24
Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports, Volume 8, Issue , January-December 2020. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator of erythropoiesis. In this article, we report 3 novel mutations, P378S, A385T, and G206C, on the EGLN1 gene encoding the negative HIF-1α regulator prolyl hydroxylase domain-2 (PHD2) in 3 patients with isolated erythrocytosis. These mutations impair PHD2 protein stability and partially reduce PHD2 activity, leading to increased HIF-1α protein levels...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 13:30
Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports, Volume 8, Issue , January-December 2020. Statins work synergistically with androgen receptor blockers and androgen biosynthesis inhibitors, improving survival in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancers (mCRPCs). Survival improvement is more pronounced for patients receiving androgen biosynthesis inhibitors compared with patients receiving androgen receptor blockers. A rare adverse interaction between simvastatin and...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 13:27
Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports, Volume 8, Issue , January-December 2020. Atrial fibrillation is the leading cause of cardioembolic stroke, with emboli most commonly originating from the left atrial appendage. We report the case of a 71-year-old male with left atrial appendage closure via implantation of the WATCHMAN device, due to possible anticoagulation therapy failure and increased bleeding risk, following a stroke. Following a new stroke over a year later, a 1.8-mm...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 13:27
Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports, Volume 8, Issue , January-December 2020. Transbronchial biopsy (TBB) is one of the commonly performed procedures by pulmonologists in everyday practice. Although the procedure has a very low-risk profile, complications often develop in certain patients. Pneumothorax is one such complication pertaining to TBB. As only a small percent of procedures get complicated by pneumothorax, handful of cases have been reported with its delayed occurrence...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 13:27
Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports, Volume 8, Issue , January-December 2020. The use of cannabis for recreational as well as medicinal use is on the rise recently with more states legalizing it. We conducted a review analysis of the literature published on acute respiratory failure from vaping cannabis oil. We have also summarized the clinical details (age, length of stay, mode of ventilation, common clinical findings, and steroid use) along with common laboratory abnormalities....
Wed Aug 05, 2020 13:27
Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports, Volume 8, Issue , January-December 2020. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DIT) is a differential diagnosis for consideration when acute thrombocytopenia is encountered in the outpatient or inpatient setting. The mechanism of thrombocytopenia induced by different antiplatelet therapies varies. DIT may occur due to antibody formation following the exposure to a drug, or naturally occurring preexisting antibodies may produce rapid-onset thrombocytopenia...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 13:27
Nearly all eukaryotes reproduce sexually, either constitutively or facultatively, and nearly all that are thought to be entirely asexual diverged recently from sexuals, implying that loss of sex leads to early extinction and therefore that sexual reproduction is essential for evolutionary success. Nevertheless, there are several groups that have been thought to have evolved asexually for millions of years. Of these, the most extensively studied are the rotifers of Class Bdelloidea. Yet the evidence...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
Resolving the evolutionary history of plant carnivory is of great interest to biologists throughout the world. Among the carnivorous plants, Genus Drosera (Droseraceae) is highly diverse with a wide pantropical distribution. Despite being a group of interest for evolutionary biology studies since the time of Charles Darwin, the historical biogeography of this group remains poorly understood. In this study, with an improved species sampling from Genbank, we present a reanalyzed phylogenetic hypothesis...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
Parasites can select for sexual reproduction in host populations, preventing replacement by faster growing asexual lineages. This is usually attributed to so-called "Red Queen Dynamics" (RQD), where antagonistic coevolution causes fluctuating selection in allele frequencies, which provides sex with an advantage over asex. However, parasitism may also maintain sex in the absence of RQD when sexual populations are more genetically diverse - and hence more resistant, on average - than clonal populations,...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
Premise: Invasive species are expected to experience a reduction in genetic diversity due to founder effects, which should limit their ability to adapt to new habitats. Still, many invasive species achieve widespread distributions and dense populations. This paradox of invasions could potentially be overcome through multiple introductions or hybridization, both of which increase genetic diversity. We conducted a population genomics study of Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica), which is a polyploid,...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
Positive interactions, including intraspecies cooperation and interspecies mutualisms, play crucial roles in shaping the structure and function of many ecosystems, ranging from plant communities to the human microbiome. While the evolutionary forces that form and maintain positive interactions have been investigated extensively, the influence of positive interactions on the ability of species to adapt to new environments is still poorly understood. Here, we use numerical simulations and theoretical...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
In many applications of evolutionary inference, a model of protein evolution needs to be fitted to the amino acid variation at individual sites in a multiple sequence alignment. Most existing models fall into one of two extremes: Either they provide a coarse-grained description that lacks biophysical realism (e.g. dN/dS models), or they require a large number of parameters to be fitted (e.g. mutation-selection models). Here, we ask whether a middle ground is possible: Can we obtain a realistic description...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
Numerous studies covering some aspects of SARS-CoV-2 data analyses are being published on a daily basis, including a regularly updated phylogeny on nextstrain.org. Here, we review the difficulties of inferring reliable phylogenies by example of a data snapshot comprising all virus sequences available on May 5, 2020 from gisaid.org. We find that it is difficult to infer a reliable phylogeny on these data due to the large number of sequences in conjunction with the low number of mutations. We further...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
Microbial communities often perform important functions that arise from interactions among member species. Community functions can be improved via artificial selection: Many communities are repeatedly grown, mutations arise, and communities with the highest desired function are chosen to reproduce where each is partitioned into multiple offspring communities for the next cycle. Since selection efficacy is often unimpressive in published experiments and since multiple experimental parameters need...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose This study aims to identify in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasia (NEN) the potential correlation between FDG-PET findings and responses to everolimus therapy to identify predictors of long-term efficacy. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with sporadic, advanced, progressive NEN treated with everolimus was performed based...
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Abstract Muscle relaxation induced by neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) is necessary for tracheal intubation and immobilization during surgery. Although acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have been successfully used as antagonists for NMBAs, they have their limitations; their effects are transient and ineffective against profound neuromuscular blockade. In the past, alternative antagonists were developed, such as germine and 4-aminopyridine, which are effective for the treatment...
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Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.
Tue Aug 04, 2020 10:00
Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.
Tue Aug 04, 2020 10:00
Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.
Thu Jul 30, 2020 10:00
Exp Clin Endocrinol DiabetesDOI: 10.1055/a-1217-7365 Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of stereotactic RT in patients with Cushing’s disease (CD). Methods The study included 38 patients [31 patients who received gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) and 7 patients who received cyberknife hypofractionated RT (HFRT)] with CD. Hormonal remission was considered if the...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 02:00
Exp Clin Endocrinol DiabetesDOI: 10.1055/a-1217-7208Adrenal insufficiency (AI) requires life-long treatment with glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Over- or under-substitution carries the risk of increased morbidity in the form of side effects or adrenal crises. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy needs to be flexible with dose adaptation in special situations. This could not be managed by medical...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 02:00
Exp Clin Endocrinol DiabetesDOI: 10.1055/a-1220-6160 Background and Study Aims In patients with obesity and type-2 diabetes, short-time very low-calorie diet may ameliorate hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis. Whether this also implies the glucose-regulating hormone glucagon remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the effects of a very low-calorie diet on plasma levels of...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 02:00
Abstract Brazil has a higher rate of dysphagia in stroke patients compared to developed countries, but does not have a fully validated method for early identification of dysphagia in this population. The aim of this study is to translate the TOR-BSST© into Brazilian Portuguese and assess the newly translated version for reliability and validity with Brazilian adult patients with stroke. The translation of the TOR-BSST© followed a multi-step process, according to the International...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 03:00
A novel connection between primordial organisms and complex life has been discovered, as new evidence sheds light on the evolutionary origins of the cell division process that is fundamental to complex life on Earth.
Thu Aug 06, 2020 22:35
A new study highlights the remarkably high incidence of and tendency toward hybridization in the angelfish family (even between divergent species), more so than in any other group of coral reef fishes.
Wed Aug 05, 2020 02:07
A team of researchers has discovered a new connection between a genetic alteration and social difficulties related to autism: A mutation in the neuroligin-3 gene reduces the effect of the hormone oxytocin. The researchers report on a treatment approach that could normalize social behavior in autism. They have already achieved promising results in an animal model.
Wed Aug 05, 2020 19:40
The Y chromosome has shrunken drastically over 200 million years of evolution. Even those who study it have used the word 'wimpy' to describe it, and yet it continues to stick around. An Opinion paper outlines a new theory -- called the 'persistent Y hypothesis' --t o explain why the Y chromosome may be more resilient than it first appears.
Thu Aug 06, 2020 18:18
Researchers found a single genetic mutation that leads to reduced growth of a transmissible cancer in Tasmanian devils in the wild. The finding gives hope for the animals' survival and could lead to new treatment for human cancers.
Thu Aug 06, 2020 17:17
Inside every cell lies a genome - a full set of DNA that contains the instructions for building an organism. Across the biological world, genomes show a staggering diversity in size but scientists still don't fully understand why. Now, scientists have found a link between mutation rate - how quickly the DNA sequence changes - and genome size. Writing in Current Biology, the researchers reported that prokaryotes with higher mutation rates lose genes at a faster pace, and therefore have smaller genomes.
Thu Aug 06, 2020 18:18
Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/a-1216-4405Animal data link high circulating fetuin-A to low insulin sensitivity and observational studies identify the hepatokine as a marker of future incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. However, a recent, well-powered Mendelian randomization study finds no causal role. We therefore tested in a deeply-phenotyped human cohort if circulating fetuin-A correlates independently...
Thu Aug 06, 2020 02:00
Tissue Engineering Part A, Ahead of Print.
Thu Jul 30, 2020 10:00
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