Purpose of review To perform a nonsystematic review of the literature on the microbiota in the different types of non-IgE-mediated food allergy. Recent findings The commonest non-IgE-mediated disorders managed by allergists include: eosinophilic esophagitis, food protein-induced enteropathy, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, and food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis. The review of the literature describes how at phylum level we observe an increase of Proteobacteria in eosinophilic...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review Molecular diagnosis has become an indispensable tool in allergy. In suspected idiopathic anaphylaxis, it is mandatory to extend the diagnostic search to its limits. The current review evaluates how molecular diagnosis allows to identify a number of difficult to prove potential culprits. Recent findings Depending on different geographical areas, it has been shown that the number of anaphylaxis labelled as idiopathic may decrease by the use of molecular diagnosis. The most...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and the incidence rates are constantly rising. The heterogeneity of tumors poses a big challenge for the treatment of the disease and natural antibodies additionally affect disease progression. The introduction of engineered mAbs for anticancer immunotherapies has substantially improved progression-free and overall survival of cancer patients, but little efforts have been made to exploit other antibody isotypes than IgG. Recent findings...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review Angioedema without urticaria is composed of an increasing subtype's variety and presents a challenging diagnosis. This review summarizes the subtypes recently described and subsequent new findings helpful within their classification. Recent findings New methods to measure cleaved high molecular weight kininogen and activated plasma kallikrein have emerged as potential biochemical tests to identify bradykinin-mediated angioedema. Three new subtypes of hereditary angioedema...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review Is to highlight the recent advances in the diagnosis and management of non-IgE-mediated food allergy which is a common consideration in primary care and in allergy and gastroenterology subspecialty practices evaluating infants. Recent findings The review focuses on food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) and includes other non-IgE-mediated food allergy in nursing infants, food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis, and food protein-induced enteropathy. For FPIES,...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review The aim of this review is to highlight the conceptual and practical knowledge for interpreting score changes in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) that have been validated for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). Recent findings The urticaria guidelines recommends to assess PROs as Health-Related Quality of Life, disease activity and disease control, to detect the CSU impact and the overall treatment effect. To this aim it is crucial to determine the minimal important difference...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review To present the most recent evidence on atopic dermatitis and its relation to food allergy. Recent findings Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin characterized by impaired skin barrier because of multifactorial causes including genetic factors, immune dysregulation, and skin microbiome dysbiosis. Infants with temporary skin barrier disruption and/or persistent atopic dermatitis are particularly at risk of developing food allergy (during the so-called...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review Precision medicine could help to improve diagnosis and treatment of asthma; however, in the tropics there are special conditions to be considered for applying this strategy. In this review, we analyze recent advances of precision allergology in tropical regions, highlighting its limitations and needs in high-admixed populations living under environments with high exposure to house dust mites and helminth infections. Recent findings Advances have been made regarding the genetic...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review In the last years, the interest of the scientific community toward food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) has grown exponentially. We review here the peculiar characteristics of this syndrome. Recent findings The recent publication of the First International Consensus Guidelines allowed a positive interaction between different research groups with the aim of improving the diagnosis and management of patients affected by FPIES. Summary Several fixed points...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review In asthma, there is an increasing focus on personalizing treatment by targeting treatable traits. Ethnicity has effects on many biological and behavioural traits, and so is an important consideration when personalizing asthma care. This review has particular relevance in light of current patterns of international migration, which are leading to unprecedented levels of ethnic heterogeneity in many geographic regions. Recent findings This review examines the effect of ethnicity...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Thu Apr 30, 2020 10:00
Stem Cells and Development, Ahead of Print.
Wed Apr 29, 2020 10:00
Caustic substances injure tissue by means of a chemical reaction on direct physical contact. Often thought of as acids or bases, caustics broadly include desiccants, vesicants, and protoplasmic poisons. The term "corrosive" is often used interchangeably with "caustic," but corrosion implies a…
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Inverted papilloma (IP) is an unusual type of benign tumor that has high recurrence rates and the potential to transform into squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The mechanism of the transformation process from IP...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.
Wed Apr 29, 2020 10:00
Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.
Wed Apr 29, 2020 10:00
A 63-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presented to the emergency department with fever, shortness of breath, and confusion. He had a 6-month history of fatigue, anorexia, and weight loss of 6.8 kg and had received treatment for what was thought to be symptoms of a COPD…
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
An 83-year-old woman presented to the gastroenterology clinic with dysphagia and regurgitation that occurred with every meal in association with postprandial chest pain. For several years, she had had difficulty swallowing both solids and liquids, and this symptom had worsened during the year…
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Surgical Infections, Ahead of Print.
Wed Apr 29, 2020 10:00
Surgical Infections, Ahead of Print.
Wed Apr 29, 2020 10:00
Persons with mental disorders are at increased risk for other types of mental disorders and for a range of general medical conditions. These medical conditions contribute to a decreased quality of life, increased health care utilization, and premature death in many persons with mental disorders.…
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Conventional arm and hand prostheses used after transhumeral amputations are attached to the humerus with a socket that compresses the stump and are moved by native biceps and triceps muscles without somatosensory feedback. Advanced prostheses for the upper arm use motors activated by signals from…
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
SUMMARY:During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic, neuroradiology practices have experienced a paradigm shift in practice, which affected everything from staffing, workflow, work volumes, conferences, resident and fellowship education, and research. This article highlights adaptive strategies that were undertaken at the epicenter of the outbreak in New York City during the past 4–6 weeks, as experienced by 5 large neuroradiology academic departments.
Thu Apr 30, 2020 17:41
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:2D measurements of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas are limited by variability, and volumetric response criteria are poorly defined. Semiautomated 2D measurements may improve consistency; however, the impact on tumor response assessments is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare manual 2D, semiautomated 2D, and volumetric measurement strategies for diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study evaluated patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 16:41
Thu Apr 30, 2020 16:36
Thu Apr 30, 2020 16:32
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The brain stem is a complex configuration of small nuclei and pathways for motor, sensory, and autonomic control that are essential for life, yet internal brain stem anatomy is difficult to characterize in living subjects. We hypothesized that the 3D fast gray matter acquisition T1 inversion recovery sequence, which uses a short inversion time to suppress signal from white matter, could improve contrast resolution of brain stem pathways and nuclei with 3T MR imaging.MATERIALS...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 16:27
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Identification of a partial/complete chemotherapy response in pediatric patients with intracranial germ cell tumors is clinically important for radiation treatment and management. Partial/complete response is conventionally determined on postcontrast MR imaging sequences. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic utility of a balanced steady-state free precession sequence as an adjunct to standard MR imaging sequences for the detection of residual tumor in pediatric...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 16:26
SUMMARY:CSF-venous fistula is an important treatable cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension that is often difficult to detect using traditional imaging techniques. Herein, we describe the technical aspects and diagnostic performance of MR myelography when used for identifying CSF-venous fistulas. We report 3 cases in which the CSF-venous fistula was occult on CT myelography but readily detected using MR myelography.
Thu Apr 30, 2020 16:25
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency is a hereditary childhood cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by brain tumors and colorectal and hematologic malignancies. Our objective was to describe the neuroimaging findings in patients with constitutional mismatch repair deficiency.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This retrospective study included 14 children with genetically confirmed constitutional mismatch repair deficiency who were referred to 2 tertiary pediatric oncology centers.RESULTS:Fourteen...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 16:23
SUMMARY:Conventional MR imaging techniques are sensitive to pathologic changes of the brain and spinal cord seen in MS, but they lack specificity for underlying axonal and myelin integrity. By isolating the signal contribution from different tissue compartments, newly developed advanced multicompartment diffusion MR imaging models have the potential to detect specific tissue subtypes and associated injuries with increased pathologic specificity. These models include neurite orientation dispersion...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 16:21
Presentation of Case. Dr. John H. Stone: A 37-year-old man was evaluated in the rheumatology clinic of this hospital for joint pain and rash. The patient had been well until 2 years before this evaluation, when intermittent arthralgias developed in the joints of the hands. Four months before…
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared 2020 the “Year of the Nurse and Midwife”. On May 5th of this year, for the annual celebration of the SAVE LIVES: Clean Your Hands campaign, the WHO will focus o...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Fri May 01, 2020 00:58
Strong evidence exists that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and subsequent overexpression of p16 (also known as p16INKa), is associated with favourable outcome [1]. Strikingly, HPV-positive patients have, in response to radiotherapy, a better prognosis, locoregional control, and survival [1–6]. In line with this, patient derived HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines or xenografts are significantly more radiosensitive than HPV-negative cell lines, which...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Concurrent chemoradiation (cCRT) followed by durvalumab in patients with stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) significantly improves survival outcomes and is now a standard of care [1,2]. In the PACIFIC trial, adding durvalumab resulted in an 11% absolute 2-year overall survival (OS) benefit and more than tripled the median progression-free survival (PFS; 17 vs 6 months) compared to chemoradiation alone [1]. These improved outcomes were noted with a similar safety profile and...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
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