Toxins, Vol. 12, Pages 332: FDA Approvals and Consensus Guidelines for Botulinum Toxins in the Treatment of Dystonia Toxins doi: 10.3390/toxins12050332 Authors: Lauren L. Spiegel Jill L. Ostrem Ian O. Bledsoe In 2016, the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) published practice guidelines for botulinum toxin (BoNT) in the treatment of blepharospasm, cervical dystonia, adult spasticity, and headache. This article, focusing on dystonia, provides context for these guidelines through...
Sun May 17, 2020 03:00
Toxins, Vol. 12, Pages 331: Aflatoxin Reduction in Maize by Industrial-Scale Cleaning Solutions Toxins doi: 10.3390/toxins12050331 Authors: Michelangelo Pascale Antonio F. Logrieco Matthias Graeber Marina Hirschberger Mareike Reichel Vincenzo Lippolis Annalisa De Girolamo Veronica M.T. Lattanzio Katarina Slettengren Different batches of biomass/feed quality maize contaminated by aflatoxins were processed at the industrial scale (a continuous process and separate...
Sun May 17, 2020 03:00
Toxins, Vol. 12, Pages 330: Neuroprotective Fragment C of Tetanus Toxin Modulates IL-6 in an ALS Mouse Model Toxins doi: 10.3390/toxins12050330 Authors: Laura Moreno-Martinez Miriam de la Torre María J. Muñoz Pilar Zaragoza José Aguilera Ana C. Calvo Rosario Osta Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathology, leading to the development of therapies targeting inflammation in recent years. Our group has studied the tetanus...
Sun May 17, 2020 03:00
Toxins, Vol. 12, Pages 329: Multi-Stress Induction of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis MbcTA Bactericidal Toxin-Antitoxin System Toxins doi: 10.3390/toxins12050329 Authors: Kanchiyaphat Ariyachaokun Anna D. Grabowska Claude Gutierrez Olivier Neyrolles MbcTA is a type II toxin/antitoxin (TA) system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The MbcT toxin triggers mycobacterial cell death in vitro and in vivo through the phosphorolysis of the essential metabolite NAD+ and its bactericidal...
Sat May 16, 2020 03:00
Toxins, Vol. 12, Pages 327: Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus Coolia Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-Methyl Gambierone in Coolia tropicalis Toxins doi: 10.3390/toxins12050327 Authors: Carlos Eduardo Junqueira de Azevedo Tibiriçá Manoella Sibat Luciano Felício Fernandes Gwenaël Bilien Nicolas Chomérat Philipp Hess Luiz L. Mafra Coolia is a genus of marine benthic dinoflagellates which is widely distributed in tropical and temperate zones. Toxicity has been reported...
Fri May 15, 2020 03:00
Toxins, Vol. 12, Pages 328: Tetanus Toxin Synthesis is Under the Control of A Complex Network of Regulatory Genes in Clostridium tetani Toxins doi: 10.3390/toxins12050328 Authors: Diana Chapeton-Montes Lucile Plourde Cecile Deneve Dominique Garnier Fabien Barbirato Vincent Colombié Sandy Demay Georges Haustant Olivier Gorgette Christine Schmitt Catherine Thouvenot Holger Brüggemann Michel R. Popoff Clostridium tetani produces a potent neurotoxin, the...
Fri May 15, 2020 03:00
Toxins, Vol. 12, Pages 325: Screening Snake Venoms for Toxicity to Tetrahymena Pyriformis Revealed Anti-Protozoan Activity of Cobra Cytotoxins Toxins doi: 10.3390/toxins12050325 Authors: Olga Kuleshina Elena Kruykova Elena Cheremnykh Leonid Kozlov Tatyana Andreeva Vladislav Starkov Alexey Osipov Rustam Ziganshin Victor Tsetlin Yuri Utkin Snake venoms possess lethal activities against different organisms, ranging from bacteria to higher vertebrates. Several...
Fri May 15, 2020 03:00
Toxins, Vol. 12, Pages 326: Scorpion Toxins and Ion Channels: Potential Applications in Cancer Therapy Toxins doi: 10.3390/toxins12050326 Authors: Rosa Amalia Dueñas-Cuellar Carlos José Correia Santana Ana Carolina Martins Magalhães Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Wagner Fontes Mariana S. Castro Apoptosis, a genetically directed process of cell death, has been studied for many years, and the biochemical mechanisms that surround it are well known and described. There are at least...
Fri May 15, 2020 03:00
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