Publication date: 11 May 2020Source: Cancer Cell, Volume 37, Issue 5Author(s): Mario L. Suvà, Itay Tirosh
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Abstract Strigula sensu lato has been previously defined based on phenotype characters as a rather broad genus including tropical to temperate species growing on a wide array of substrata. In this study, based on a multilocus phylogenetic approach, we show that foliicolous species form six well-delimited clades that correlate with diagnostic phenotype features, including thallus morphology, carbonization of the involucrellum and excipulum, ascospore dimensions, and type of macroconidia....
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Abstract We investigated the pollution characteristics of ninety semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the rivers and lakes of Shanghai. Total concentrations of Σ90SVOCs in water and sediment samples from 30 sites ranged from 1.47 to 19.5 μg/L and 2.38 to 9.48 mg/kg, respectively. PAEs and PAHs were the major contaminant compounds found in all samples. OCPs accounted for less than 3% of the total concentrations of Σ90SVOCs and other SVOCs were either not detected or only detected...
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Publication date: Available online 12 May 2020Source: European Journal of CancerAuthor(s): Claudia Omarini, Michela Maur, Gabriele Luppi, Franco Narni, Mario Luppi, Massimo Dominici, Giuseppe Longo, Federico Piacentini
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Abstract Introduction Amidst a changing treatment landscape, real-world evidence on the burden of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is limited. The purpose of this study was to describe treatment patterns, adverse events (AEs), and economic burden among treated patients with CCL. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted with IQVIA PharMetrics®...
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Abstract Resistance to first- and second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and development and progression of central nervous system metastases remain significant issues in the treatment of ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. Lorlatinib is a novel third-generation ALK TKI that is able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and has broad-spectrum potency against most known resistance mutations that can develop during treatment with...
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Abstract Introduction Hemorrhoidal disease (HD) is a common and recurrent problem for many adults worldwide. Venoactive drugs, such as micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF; Daflon®), have been used to treat HD and their clinical benefits have been demonstrated in previous meta-analyses of clinical trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of MPFF across the broader spectrum of signs and symptoms following treatment...
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Publication date: 1 September 2020Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 158Author(s): Jiayue Gao, Yana Zhao, Chenxu Wang, Haiyu Ji, Juan Yu, Chao Liu, Anjun Liu
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Publication date: 1 September 2020Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 158Author(s): Wenjing Gao, Yingying Guo, Lianzhu Wang, Yanhua Jiang, Zhantao Liu, Hong Lin
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Publication date: 1 September 2020Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 158Author(s): Shan-Shan Li, Yi-Li Song, Hua-Rong Yang, Qing-Da An, Zuo-Yi Xiao, Shang-Ru Zhai
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Publication date: 15 August 2020Source: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 157Author(s): Pavel I. Semenyuk, Andrey V. Moiseenko, Olga S. Sokolova, Vladimir I. Muronetz, Lidia P. Kurochkina
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Abstract This study aims to investigate the antioxidant, physicochemical and functional properties of convection-, vacuum-and freeze-dried stink bean (Parkia speciosa) powder upon storage at various relative humidity (RH) at room temperature, 25 °C. Both convection- and vacuum-dried samples exhibited stronger DPPH free radical scavenging activity (7.62 ± 1.77 and 10.38 ± 0.63 mg AA/g·db respectively) and ferric ion-chelating (FIC) ability (16.55 ± 1.29 and 18.88 ± 2.36 mg/mL·db...
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BRAF V600 mutations, mainly V600E, are detected in around 2% of non-small cell lung cancer patients 1. BRAF mutation frequency in 646 adenocarcinoma patients tested at Oslo University Hospital was 2.3%, whereas none of 231 squamous cell carcinomas was BRAF-mutated 2. The combination of the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib with the MEK inhibitor trametinib is an approved treatment option in both pre-treated and untreated BRAF-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, with an overall response...
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This study was conducted in the setting of advanced non-small cell lung cancer in older patients. It is a multicenter retrospective analysis on very old persons that explores the efficacy and the safety of anti PD-1 therapy. Older patients seem to tolerate immunotherapy as well as younger patients with comparable efficacy. This is a relevant message for everyday clinical practice.
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This randomized phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy of intercalated combination of gefitinib and pemetrexed plus cisplatin in never smokers with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. The combination of gefitinib with pemetrexed and cisplatin improved progression-free survival in this patient population. This study can give additional information about the best treatment as first-line treatment advanced EGFR-mutant lung cancer.
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Various cancers express programmed death-ligand 1 protein. Our phase 1 PCD4989g study aimed to investigate the anti–programmed death-ligand 1 agent, atezolizumab, in locally advanced or metastatic solid malignancies, including small-cell lung cancer. Results from a cohort of 17 patients with relapsed/refractory small-cell lung cancer demonstrated that atezolizumab was well tolerated and exhibited antitumor activity in these patients.
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Patients held for psychiatric care are especially vulnerable; we must act now to support them -- Read more on ScientificAmerican.com
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COMPUTER SCIENCES Correction for “Towards formalizing the GDPR’s notion of singling out,” by Aloni Cohen and Kobbi Nissim, which was first published March 31, 2020; 10.1073/pnas.1914598117 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 8344–8352). The authors note that, due to a printer’s error, the affiliations for Aloni Cohen and Kobbi Nissim...
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People can use abstract rules to flexibly configure and select actions for specific situations, yet how exactly rules shape actions toward specific sensory and/or motor requirements remains unclear. Both research from animal models and human-level theories of action control point to the role of highly integrated, conjunctive representations, sometimes referred...
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a brain disorder characterized by social impairments. ASD is currently diagnosed on the basis of behavioral criteria because no robust biomarkers have been identified. However, we recently found that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of the “social” neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) is significantly lower in pediatric...
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A physiological role for long-chain acyl-CoA esters to activate ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels is well established. Circulating palmitate is transported into cells and converted to palmitoyl-CoA, which is a substrate for palmitoylation. We found that palmitoyl-CoA, but not palmitic acid, activated the channel when applied acutely. We have altered the...
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Numerous mutations that impair retrograde membrane trafficking between endosomes and the Golgi apparatus lead to neurodegenerative diseases. For example, mutations in the endosomal retromer complex are implicated in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, and mutations of the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex cause progressive cerebello-cerebral atrophy type 2 (PCCA2). However, how...
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A unique combination of transcription factor expression and projection neuron identity demarcates each layer of the cerebral cortex. During mouse and human cortical development, the transcription factor CTIP2 specifies neurons that project subcerebrally, while SATB2 specifies neuronal projections via the corpus callosum, a large axon tract connecting the two neocortical...
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Even though humans are mostly not aware of their heartbeats, several heartbeat-related effects have been reported to influence conscious perception. It is not clear whether these effects are distinct or related phenomena, or whether they are early sensory effects or late decisional processes. Combining electroencephalography and electrocardiography, along with signal...
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Mild replication stress enhances appearance of dozens of robust recurrent genomic break clusters, termed RDCs, in cultured primary mouse neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs). Robust RDCs occur within genes (“RDC-genes”) that are long and have roles in neural cell communications and/or have been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases or cancer....
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In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, RsmA is an RNA-binding protein that plays critical roles in the control of virulence, interbacterial interactions, and biofilm formation. Although RsmA is thought to exert its regulatory effects by binding full-length transcripts, the extent to which RsmA binds nascent transcripts has not been addressed....
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The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) gene is a neural immediate early gene that is involved in synaptic downscaling and is robustly induced by prolonged wakefulness in rodent brains. Converging evidence has led to the hypothesis that wakefulness potentiates, and sleep reduces, synaptic strengthening. This suggests a potential role for Arc...
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Under stressful conditions, bacterial RelA-SpoT Homolog (RSH) enzymes synthesize the alarmone (p)ppGpp, a nucleotide second messenger. (p)ppGpp rewires bacterial transcription and metabolism to cope with stress, and, at high concentrations, inhibits the process of protein synthesis and bacterial growth to save and redirect resources until conditions improve. Single-domain small alarmone...
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Protein corona formation is critical for the design of ideal and safe nanoparticles (NPs) for nanomedicine, biosensing, organ targeting, and other applications, but methods to quantitatively predict the formation of the protein corona, especially for functional compositions, remain unavailable. The traditional linear regression model performs poorly for the protein corona,...
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Honey bees (Apis mellifera) produce an enormous economic value through their pollination activities and play a central role in the biodiversity of entire ecosystems. Recent efforts have revealed the substantial influence that the gut microbiota exert on bee development, food digestion, and homeostasis in general. In this study, deep sequencing...
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Cholesterol-laden macrophage foam cells are a hallmark of atherosclerosis. For that reason, cholesterol metabolism in macrophages has attracted considerable scrutiny, particularly the mechanisms by which macrophages unload surplus cholesterol (a process referred to as “cholesterol efflux”). Many studies of cholesterol efflux in macrophages have focused on the role of ABC...
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The antigen-presenting molecule MR1 presents riboflavin-based metabolites to Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells. While MR1 egress to the cell surface is ligand-dependent, the ability of small-molecule ligands to impact on MR1 cellular trafficking remains unknown. Arising from an in silico screen of the MR1 ligand-binding pocket, we identify one ligand,...
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The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy prompted drastic measures for transmission containment. We examine the effects of these interventions, based on modeling of the unfolding epidemic. We test modeling options of the spatially explicit type, suggested by the wave of infections spreading from the initial foci to...
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To maximize future rewards in this ever-changing world, animals must be able to discover the temporal structure of stimuli and then anticipate or act correctly at the right time. How do animals perceive, maintain, and use time intervals ranging from hundreds of milliseconds to multiseconds in working memory? How is...
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Aneuploidy is the leading contributor to pregnancy loss, congenital anomalies, and in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure in humans. Although most aneuploid conceptions are thought to originate from meiotic division errors in the female germline, quantitative studies that link the observed phenotypes to underlying error mechanisms are lacking. In this study,...
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