Purpose:Human B7-H3 (hB7-H3) is a promising molecular imaging target differentially expressed on the neovasculature of breast cancer and has been validated for preclinical ultrasound (US) imaging with anti–B7-H3-antibody-functionalized microbubbles (MB). However, smaller ligands such as affibodies (ABY) are more suitable for the design of clinical-grade targeted MB. Experimental Design:Binding of ABYB7-H3 was confirmed with soluble and cell-surface B7-H3 by flow cytometry. MB were functionalized...
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Purpose:To provide a better understanding of the interplay between the immune system and brain metastases to advance therapeutic options for this life-threatening disease. Experimental Design:Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were quantified by semiautomated whole-slide analysis in brain metastases from 81 lung adenocarcinomas. Multi-color staining enabled phenotyping of TILs (CD3, CD8, and FOXP3) on a single-cell resolution. Molecular determinants of the extent of TILs in brain metastases were...
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Obtaining blood and cerebrospinal fluid is generally less invasive than standard tumor biopsy, and are increasingly used to develop surrogate biomarkers. Leptomeningeal disease, a devastating complication of cancer, represents a unique opportunity for using liquid biopsies for diagnosis, treatment, and to elucidate underlying mechanisms of resistance to therapy. See related article by Smalley et al., p. 2163
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Purpose:Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer, which can be effectively controlled by immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors. However, a significant proportion of patients are characterized by primary therapy resistance. Predictive biomarkers for response to immunotherapy are lacking. Experimental Design:We applied Bayesian inference analyses on 41 patients with MCC testing various clinical and biomolecular characteristics to predict treatment response....
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Purpose:Using standard-of-care CT images obtained from patients with a diagnosis of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we defined radiomics signatures predicting the sensitivity of tumors to nivolumab, docetaxel, and gefitinib. Experimental Design:Data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively across multicenter clinical trials [nivolumab, n = 92, CheckMate017 (NCT01642004), CheckMate063 (NCT01721759); docetaxel, n = 50, CheckMate017; gefitinib, n = 46, (NCT00588445)]. Patients...
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Purpose:The development of leptomeningeal melanoma metastases (LMM) is a rare and devastating complication of the late-stage disease, for which no effective treatments exist. Here, we performed a multi-omics analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with LMM to determine how the leptomeningeal microenvironment shapes the biology and therapeutic responses of melanoma cells. Experimental Design:A total of 45 serial CSF samples were collected from 16 patients, 8 of these with confirmed...
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Optimal treatment outcomes for breast cancer are dependent on a timely diagnosis followed by an organized, multidisciplinary approach to care. However, in many low‐ and middle‐income countries, effective care management pathways can be difficult to follow because of financial constraints, a lack of resources, an insufficiently trained workforce, and/or poor infrastructure. On the basis of prior work by the Breast Health Global Initiative, this article proposes a phased implementation strategy for...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
When breast cancer is detected and treated early, the chances of survival are very high. However, women in many settings face complex barriers to early detection, including social, economic, geographic, and other interrelated factors, which can limit their access to timely, affordable, and effective breast health care services. Previously, the Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) developed resource‐stratified guidelines for the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. In this consensus article...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Clinical practice guidelines in oncology lead to improved outcomes in care. However, the most frequently used guidelines are developed for highly resourced systems. Recognizing the significant and increasing burden of cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has developed resource‐stratified framework and harmonization processes that allow the NCCN Guidelines to be tailored and optimized for specific geographical areas, resource levels, and settings....
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in India. Jhpiego, a not‐for‐profit health organization, is providing technical assistance for developing an evidence‐based model of breast health care in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand in India. Methods A situational assessment of breast health care services using validated tools was conducted in the 2 states. Results Findings of the assessment were presented to the Breast Health Technical Advisory Committee...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Background Successful breast cancer detection programs rely on standardized reporting and interpreting systems, such as the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS), to improve system performance. In low‐income and middle‐income countries, evolving diagnostic programs have insufficient resources to either fully implement BI‐RADS or to periodically evaluate the program's performance, which is a necessary component of BI‐RADS. This leads to inconsistent breast ultrasound interpretation...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Background Breast cancer advocacy movements, driven by advocate‐led civil society organizations (CSOs), have proven to be a powerful force for the advancement of cancer control in high‐income countries (HICs). However, although patient advocacy movements are growing in low‐income and middle‐income countries (LMICs) in response to an increasing cancer burden, the experiences and needs of advocate‐led breast cancer CSOs in LMICs is understudied. Methods The authors conducted a qualitative...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
The adoption of the goal of universal health coverage and the growing burden of cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries makes it important to consider how to provide cancer care. Specific interventions can strengthen health systems while providing cancer care within a resource‐stratified perspective (similar to the World Health Organization–tiered approach). Four specific topics are discussed: essential medicines/essential diagnostics lists; national cancer plans; provision of affordable essential...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Background Before initiating cancer therapy, a diagnostic tumor tissue sample evaluated within a pathology laboratory by a pathologist is essential to confirm the malignancy type and provide key prognostic factors that direct the treatment offered. Methods Pathology evaluation includes multiple expensive reagents, complex equipment, and both laboratory and pathologist technical skills. By using breast cancer as an example, at a minimum, key tumor prognostic information required before...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Background The Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) established a series of resource‐stratified, evidence‐based guidelines to address breast cancer control in the context of available resources. Here, the authors describe methodologies and health system prerequisites to support the translation and implementation of these guidelines into practice. Methods In October 2018, the BHGI convened the Sixth Global Summit on Improving Breast Healthcare Through Resource‐Stratified Phased Implementation....
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Background Implementation of evidence‐based, resource‐appropriate guidelines for breast cancer control should be preceded by a baseline assessment or situational analysis to assess breast health infrastructure, workforce capacity, patient pathways, existing practices, accessibility, and costs. Methods To support the assessment of breast health care systems within the broader context in which they exist, the Breast Health Global Initiative (BHGI) developed, tested, and refined a set of...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Background Trends in breast cancer mortality in the United States are decreasing, but racial disparities persist. Using an implementation science framework to inform evidence‐based breast cancer screening and navigation within federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) with community stakeholders can mitigate barriers to screening. Methods Using an integrated theoretical framework of the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model and the Social Ecological Model, the University...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Individuals in low‐income and middle‐income countries (LMICs) account for approximately two‐thirds of cancer deaths worldwide, and the vast majority of these deaths occur without access to essential palliative care (PC). Although resource‐stratified guidelines are being developed that take into account the actual resources available within a given country, and several components of PC are available within health care systems, PC will never improve without a trained workforce. The design and implementation...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Background Greater than 80% of women presenting for breast cancer treatment in Uganda have late‐stage disease, which is attributable to a dysfunctional referral system and a lack of recognition of the early signs and symptoms among primary health care providers, and compounded by the poor infrastructure and inadequate human capacity. Improving the breast health care system requires a systemic approach beginning with situational analysis to identify systematic gaps that prevent sustainable improvements...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Global disparities in breast cancer outcomes are attributable to a sizable gap between evidence and practice in breast cancer control and management. Dissemination and implementation science (D&IS) seeks to understand how to promote the systematic uptake of evidence‐based interventions and/or practices into real‐world contexts. D&IS methods are useful for selecting strategies to implement evidence‐based interventions, adapting their implementation to new settings, and evaluating the implementation...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Wed Apr 29, 2020 20:25
Introduction. A careful assessment of dental anxiety is necessary for its management. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) is one of the most commonly used questionnaires to measure dental anxiety in the world. The reliability and validity of the Japanese version of MDAS have been demonstrated using undergraduates and a few patients with dental anxiety. The aim of the present study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the MDAS using a wide range of age samples...
Fri May 01, 2020 05:05
Agricultural waste can be exploited for the adsorption of dyes, due to their low cost, availability, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. In this study, we were interested in the elimination of crystal violet dye, from aqueous solutions, by adsorption on almond shell-based material, as a low-cost and ecofriendly adsorbent. The almond shells were first analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction; then, the influence of adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration time,...
Fri May 01, 2020 05:05
Introduction. With the advent and extensive use of the Internet and smartphones, social networking has become a pervasive part of human interaction. The use of these social networking sites or the Internet affects the physical, mental, and spiritual health of the people. Hence, there is need to understand how the time spent on social networking is affecting the quality of life (QOL) as a whole, especially among college-going students who are most likely users of social networking sites (18–21 years)....
Fri May 01, 2020 03:50
Introduction. In recent decades, there has been an intensification of environmental problems, which are becoming increasingly critical and frequent due to population growth. Microorganisms, including soilborne fungi, play an essential role in maintaining and balancing the environment. One of the most impacted ecosystems in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, is the Jansen Lagoon State Park, an important tourist spot, which has suffered anthropogenic actions such as the dumping of household waste (sewage)...
Fri May 01, 2020 03:50
Intradermal therapy, known as mesotherapy, is a technique used to inject a drug into the surface layer of the skin. In particular, it involves the use of a short needle to deposit the drug in the dermis. The intradermal microdeposit modulates the drug’s kinetics, slowing absorption and prolonging the local mechanism of action. It is successfully applied in the treatment of some forms of localized pain syndromes and other local clinical conditions. It could be suggested when a systemic drug-sparing...
Fri May 01, 2020 03:50
Smart packaging is a packaging system with embedded sensor or indicator technology, which provides information on the quality of the product, especially perishable foods such as goat milk. One application of smart packaging is to use a time-temperature bioindicator. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of fresh goat milk during storage at freezing temperatures (−20 ± 2°C) for 31 days and room temperature (25 ± 3°C) for 24 hours using a time-temperature indicator by utilizing a natural...
Fri May 01, 2020 03:35
Background. Induction of labour is not without risk, and it calls for a method that will be sensitive enough to predict successful labour induction. Aim. This study aims to evaluate the role of transvaginal ultrasonographic cervical length measurement at term in the prediction of successful induction of labour (IOL). Materials and Methods. This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki between 1st of July and 30th of November...
Fri May 01, 2020 03:35
Purpose of review Although several reviews concerning diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) have been presented, there are few in regard to eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE). Fortunately, findings related to epidemiology, as well as diagnosis and treatment of this disease have recently been increasing. Recent findings The rates of incidence of both EoE and EGE have been reported to be increasing. For accurate diagnosis, plasma concentrations of thymic stromal lymphopoietin...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review Allergic diseases are prototypic examples for gene × environment-wide interactions. This review considers the current evidence for genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in allergic diseases and highlights barriers and facilitators for the implementation of these novel tools both for research and clinical practice. Recent findings The value of whole-genome sequencing studies and the use of polygenic risk score analysis in homogeneous well characterized populations are currently...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review The aim of this review is to describe the role of precision medicine in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of cow's milk allergy. Recent findings The development of ‘omics’ sciences in the field of food allergy has led to a better understanding of the allergenicity of cow's milk proteins and significant advances in the knowledge of the pathogenesis and mechanisms of cow's milk allergy. Omics-based technologies allow the practitioner to better differentiate cow's milk...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review An increase in incidence of unique phenotypic non-IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergies (non-IgE GIFAs) has occurred in Japan ahead of Western countries. There are differences in clinical features of non-IgE GIFAs in Western and Japanese patients. As this phenotype has now come to be recognized internationally, we describe it in this review. Recent findings A large number of Japanese patients with non-IgE GIFAs present with vomiting accompanied by bloody stool, putting...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
Purpose of review To present an update on the recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms and practical management of oral mite anaphylaxis (OMA, pancake syndrome). Recent findings Among novel observations regarding OMA, this review highlights the increased prevalence of aspirin/NSAID hypersensitivity inpatients affected by OMA, the association of OMA with exercise-induced anaphylaxis, the presentation of OMA simulating acute asthma, the occurrence of OMA in childhood, the high...
Fri May 01, 2020 07:49
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