New Findings What is the central question of this study? Physical exercise requires ventilatory adjustments to maintain arterial gas homeostasis and pH. The carotid bodies (CBs) are sensory organs that modulate pulmonary ventilation during exercise. However, the CBs contribution to the active inspiratory and expiratory responses to exercise has not been previously explored. What is the main finding and its importance? Removal of the CBs reduced the active inspiratory and expiratory...
Sat May 02, 2020 19:28
New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review considers the physiological basis of interval training for performance enhancement, with an emphasis on the capacity for aerobic energy provision. What advances does it highlight? It highlights advances regarding the effect of interval training on primary physiological determinants of aerobic energy provision, which are associated with performance. Abstract Interval training refers to an intermittent style of...
Sat May 02, 2020 19:27
New Findings We provide the first experimental evidence using a mouse HS model that recent prior viral, but not bacterial, illness in the absence of sickness symptoms at the time of heat exposure, increases HS severity and recovery times. Our data indicate that this effect is not due to the exacerbation of hyperthermia, but is a consequence of ongoing coagulation and systemic inflammatory reactions. Our data suggest that platelets, cytokines, and chemokines prior to heat exposure may be indicative...
Sat May 02, 2020 19:26
New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review discusses the application of novel stable isotope tracer techniques in understanding the control of skeletal muscle mass What advances does it highlight? This review highlights current advances in stable isotope tracer techniques through their incorporation with high throughput proteomics technologies. Abstract Beyond its primary locomotory and key structural functions, skeletal muscle provides additional vital...
Sat May 02, 2020 19:26
New Findings What is the central question of the study? The prevalence of hypertension in Black individuals exceeds other racial groups. Despite this well‐known heightened risk, the underlying contributing factors remain incompletely understood. Herein, we hypothesized young black men would exhibit augmented beat‐to‐beat blood pressure variability compared to white men. Furthermore, we hypothesized black men would exhibit augmented total peripheral resistance variability. What is the...
Sat May 02, 2020 19:24
New Findings What is the central question of this study? What does control the proliferation and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis? What is the main finding and its importance? The pathogenesis of psoriasis is abnormal homeostasis of keratinocytes with hyperproliferation and decreasing apoptosis. We found that inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family molecule, Livin, is highly expressed in psoriasis vulgaris lesional skin tissue. Here we report that the expression of Livin...
Sat May 02, 2020 15:54
Thu Apr 30, 2020 18:02
New Findings Symmetric Projection Attractor Reconstruction (SPAR) is a relatively new mathematical method which can extract new information pertaining to the morphology and variability of physiological waveforms, such as arterial pulse pressure. Herein, we describe the method's potential utility in more sensitively quantifying cardiovascular changes. We use a simple example of a human tilt table to illustrate these concepts. SPAR can be used on any approximately periodic waveform and may add value...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 13:40
Abstract A rare developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID) syndrome with craniofacial dysmorphisms and autistic features, termed White–Sutton syndrome (WHSUS, MIM#614787), has been recently described, identifying truncating mutations in the chromatin regulator POGZ (KIAA0461, MIM#614787). We describe a further WHSUS patient harboring a novel nonsense de novo POGZ variant, which afflicts a protein domain with transposase activity less frequently impacted by mutational events (DDE domain)....
Sat May 02, 2020 15:08
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the potential association between imaging features and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS). We performed a retrospective cohort study of 36 patients with LDS and described cardiovascular events and imaging data. We observed different clinical courses in patients with LDS, irrespective of the causative gene. Angular or elongated aortic arch geometry correlated with aortic dissection (R = .39, p = .02), occurrence of the first...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 14:59
Abstract The Society for Craniofacial Genetics and Developmental Biology (SCGDB) 42nd Annual Meeting was held at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas from October 14–15, 2019. The SCGDB meeting included scientific sessions on the molecular regulation of craniofacial development, cell biology of craniofacial development, signaling during craniofacial development, translational craniofacial biology, and for the first time, a career development workshop. Over a one hundred attendees from...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 14:55
Abstract Aim To evaluate histologically the healing of mini-implants installed after sinus floor elevation using a lateral approach and placing the antrostomy at different level from the sinus floor. Material and methods Sinus floor elevation using a lateral approach was performed in 24 healthy volunteers. The antrostomy was randomly placed either...
03:00
Abstract While the anatomy and physiology of human reproduction differ between the sexes, the effects of hormones on skeletal growth do not. Human bone growth depends on estrogen. Greater estrogen produced by ovaries causes bones in female bodies to fuse before males' resulting in sex differences in adult height and mass. Female pelves expand more than males' due to estrogen and relaxin produced and employed by the tissues of the pelvic region and potentially also due to greater internal space occupied...
Sat May 02, 2020 15:55
Abstract Gist perception refers to perceiving the substance or general meaning of a scene. To investigate its neuronal mechanisms, we used the steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) method—an evoked oscillatory cortical response at the same frequency as a visual stimulus flickered at this frequency. Two neighboring stimuli were flickered at different frequencies f1 and f2, for example, a drawing of a sun on the left side of the screen flickering at 8.6 Hz and the drawing...
03:00
Abstract Visual self-motion information is known to contribute to postural control, but it is unclear precisely which aspects of visual motion information drive changes in posture. We report here results for standing humans which suggest that there is a speed of movement threshold that must be exceeded by a visual stimulus if a posture response is to be generated. We use signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) methods to measure the strength of steady-state visually evoked posture responses...
Sat May 02, 2020 03:00
Abstract The need to perform multiple tasks more or less simultaneously is a common occurrence during walking in daily life. Performing tasks simultaneously typically impacts task performance negatively. Hypothetically, such dual-task costs may be explained by a lowered state of preparation due to competition for attentional resources, or alternatively, by a ‘bottleneck’ in response initiation. Here, we investigated both hypotheses by comparing ‘StartReact’ effects during a manual...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Abstract The relevance of seesaw devices in postural evaluation and training is gathering growing evidence due to its sensory-motor specificity. Nonetheless, the physiological specificities resulting from the dissociation or not of the seesaws (single vs double) still need to be investigated, in particular by assessing the respective contribution of automatic and voluntary components in the postural control. A protocol based on attention disturbance through a dual-task paradigm...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
All‐inorganic lead halide perovskites with potential stability improvement is promising candidate for optoelectronic applications. However, fundamental questions remain over the component interaction in the perovskite precursor solution due to the limitation of the most commonly used solvents of N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Here, we report a simple and very effective interaction tailoring strategy for all‐inorganic CsPbI3‐xBrx perovskites by involving ionic liquid solvent...
Sat May 02, 2020 16:14
Radical C−H bond functionalization provides a versatile approach for elaborating heterocyclic compounds. The synthetic design of this transformation relies heavily on the knowledge of regioselectivity, while a quantified and efficient regioselectivity prediction approach is still elusive. Herein we report the feasibility of using machine learning model to predict the transition state barrier from the computed properties of isolated reactants. This enables rapid and reliable regioselectivity prediction...
Sat May 02, 2020 13:44
A mononuclear nonheme cobalt(III)‐iodosylbenzene complex, [Co(III)(TQA)(OH)(OIPh)]2+ (1), is synthesized and characterized structurally and spectroscopically. While 1 is a sluggish oxidant in oxidation reactions, it becomes a competent oxidant in oxygen atom transfer reactions, such as olefin epoxidation, in the presence of a small amount of proton. More interestingly, 1 shows a nucleophilic reactivity in aldehyde deformylation reaction, demonstrating that 1 possesses an amphoteric reactivity. Another...
Sat May 02, 2020 12:13
Engineering polyketide synthase (PKS) pathways that efficiently produce new metabolites requires an understanding of substrate selectivity, flexibility, and sites of failure during chain elongation, processing and termination. Growing evidence indicates that the thioesterase (TE) domain is a significant bottleneck within engineered modular PKS systems. Accordingly, we created a series of hybrid PKS modules bearing exchanged TE domains from heterologous pathways, and challenged them in vitro with...
Fri May 01, 2020 22:45
Domain wall motion is detected for the first time during the transition to a ferroelastic and spin‐state ordered phase of a spin crossover complex. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction and resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy (RUS) revealed two distinct symmetry‐breaking phase transitions in the mononuclear Mn 3+ compound [Mn(3,5‐diBr‐sal 2 (323))]BPh 4 , 1. The first at 250 K, involves the space group change Cc → Pc and is thermodynamically continuous, while the second, Pc → P1 at 85 K, is...
Fri May 01, 2020 16:44
Low‐cost non‐noble metal electrocatalysts towards methanol oxidation are highly demanded in direct methanol fuel cells, but their development has been hindered by limited activity, high onset potential, low conductivity and poor durability. Herein, we present a surface electronic structure tuning strategy of doping a foreign oxophilic post‐transition metal onto transition metal aerogels, and achieved a non‐noble metal aerogel Ni 97 Bi3 with unprecedented electrocatalytic activity and durability...
Fri May 01, 2020 12:16
A stereospecific catalytic asymmetric Meisenheimer rearrangement allows for high enantioselectivity even for the formation of products in which the residues at the generated tetrasubstituted stereocenter display similar steric demands. Functional groups are well tolerated by the robust, readily available catalyst. Ts=Tosyl. Abstract Chiral acyclic tertiary allylic alcohols are very important synthetic building blocks, but their enantioselective synthesis is often challenging. A major limitation...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 22:59
SLIM fit: A trityl label with a short linker and high reduction stability, called SLIM, was synthesized. It enables highly sensitive pulsed dipolar EPR measurements down to low nanomolar concentrations and yields narrow distance distributions. Its exemplary use in in‐cell measurements showed that YopO preferably adopts one of the two conformations found in vitro. Abstract The understanding of biomolecular function is coupled to knowledge about the structure and dynamics of these biomolecules,...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 22:59
Coming together: Two negatively charged organoiodine derivatives are shown to form anti‐electrostatic halogen bonds (XBs) with anions. Even though the electrostatic potential is universally negative across the surface of both compounds, DFT calculations indicate kinetic stabilization of their halide complexes. Experimentally, self‐association of the anionic XB donors is observed. Co‐crystals with halides were obtained and featured XB adducts between two or even three anions. Abstract Halogen...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 22:57
KRAS: Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) NMR spectroscopy approaches combined with a nanodisc system reveal distinct structures of membrane‐associated homodimers of GTP‐ versus GDP‐bound KRAS4B. Both structures dimerize via a α4–α5 interface, but differ in the relative orientation of the protomers. KRAS4B‐GTP dimerization increases the accessibility of the effector binding site for RAF kinases. Abstract KRAS homo‐dimerization has been implicated in the activation of RAF kinases, however,...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 22:56
Nanorings: The first examples of cyclofluorenes possessing five constituting fluorene units were synthesized and studied. The electronic properties of [5]‐cyclofluorenes are drastically different from those of [4]‐cyclofluorenes, highlighting the key role played by the ring size in the cyclofluorene family. Abstract For the last ten years, ring‐shaped π‐conjugated macrocycles possessing radially directed π‐orbitals have been subject to intense research. The electronic properties of these rings...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 22:56
Catalytic cavities: “Nanocatalosomes” are a bio‐inspired bilayer‐vesicular design of nanoreactors with hollow metallic‐bilayer shells. The few‐nm intershell nanospaces can be controlled and customized with different noble metals to generate numerous interlayer‐confined catalytically active cavities harnessing combined plasmonic–catalytic effects and performing highly efficient solar‐light‐induced organic reactions with unprecedented rates. Abstract Interest and challenges remain in designing...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 22:54
Ketones can act as molecular co‐catalysts suppressing nonradiative energy losses and promoting spin transition. The energy transfer of exciton–exciton annihilation‐induced hot excitons from polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) to acetone and the reverse energy transfer of triplet excitons from ketones to PCN endow PCN/ketone systems with excellent performance in photocatalytic reactions involving excitons. Abstract Excitonic processes in semiconductors open up the possibility for pursuing photocatalytic...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 22:53
Potassium in flow: Functionalized (hetero)arenes were metalated using a commercial continuous‐flow setup, leading to the corresponding potassium organometallics. Trapping with various electrophiles gave polyfunctionalized (hetero)aromatics in good yields. Further, the flow procedure was extended to the lateral metalation of methyl‐substituted (hetero)arenes. Abstract We report the preparation of lithium‐salt‐free KDA (potassium diisopropylamide; 0.6 m in hexane) complexed with TMEDA (N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine)...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 22:49
Simple substrates, all commercially available, lead to previously unknown aminopentazole derivatives. By using Na15N3, the heterocyclic product with six‐fold 15N labelling is easily accessible, which enabled structure identification by 15N NMR spectroscopy without comparison with known data. Abstract With the help of selective 15N labeling experiments, it has been confirmed that nucleophilic attack of azide at iminium‐activated organic azides leads to short‐lived hexazene intermediates. Such...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 22:49
Carbazates are introduced as a new type of electrochemically activated alkylating agent for direct functionalization of heteroarenes under mild cell conditions. Abstract The C−O bond cleavage for activation of alcohols is synthetically useful and practically challenging. This work describes carbazate as a new type of electrochemically activated alkylating agent derived from ubiquitous alcohols for direct functionalization of heteroarenes under mild electrolytic conditions. The simple undivided...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 22:42
Facile preparation of low cost electro‐catalysts for efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a big challenge. Herein, a novel strategy for ultrafast (20 s) transformation of metal‐organic framework (MOF) bulk into ultrathin metal oxyhydroxide nanosheets for efficient OER has been developed. For two isomeric MOFs ( FJI‐H25Fe and FJI‐H25FeCo ), only the metastable FJI‐H25FeCo bulk can immediately transform into FeCo oxyhydroxides nanosheets through electric‐field assisted hydrolysis....
Thu Apr 30, 2020 19:08
Single atoms of rhodium are confined in MoS2, leading to an ultra‐high HER activity. By optimizing the distance between the confined Rh atoms, a low overpotential of only 67 mV is achieved at a current density of 10 mA cm−2, which surpasses the activity of mostly reported MoS2‐based catalysts in acidic solution. Abstract Perturbing the electronic structure of the MoS2 basal plane by confining heteroatoms offers the opportunity to trigger in‐plane activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 17:52
One for all: A high‐affinity amyloid‐suppressing interaction between the human antimicrobial and immunomodulatory polypeptide cathelicidin LL‐37 and the key type 2 diabetes (T2D) amyloid polypeptide IAPP was identified. The results suggest a protective role for LL‐37 in T2D pathogenesis and offer a molecular basis for the design of novel molecules combining antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and anti‐amyloid functions as multifunctional drug candidates. Abstract Amyloid self‐assembly of islet...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 17:51
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