Sat May 02, 2020 22:34
Key points The roles of the Na+/HCO3– cotransporters NBCn1 and NBCn2 as well as their activators IRBIT and L‐IRBIT in the regulation of the mTAL transport of NH4+, HCO3–, and NaCl are investigated. Dietary challenges of NH4Cl, NaHCO3, or NaCl all increase the abundance of NBCn1 and NBCn2 in the outer medulla. The three challenges generally produce parallel increases in the abundance of IRBIT and L‐IRBIT in the outer medulla. Both IRBIT and L‐IRBIT powerfully stimulate the activities of...
Sat May 02, 2020 15:59
Key points Skin wettedness occurring secondary to the buildup of sweat on the skin provokes thermal discomfort, the precursor to engaging in cool‐seeking behaviour. Associative evidence indicates that skin wettedness stimulates cool‐seeking behaviour to a greater extent than increases in core and mean skin temperatures. The independent contribution of skin wettedness to cool‐seeking behaviour during heat stress has never been established. We demonstrate that skin wettedness augments cool‐seeking...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 13:44
Key points Despite growing interest in right ventricular form and function in diseased states, there is a paucity of data regarding characteristics of right ventricular function – namely contractile and lusitropic reserve, as well as ventricular‐arterial coupling, in the healthy heart during rest, as well as submaximal and peak exercise. Pressure‐volume analysis of the right ventricle, during invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing, demonstrates that that the right heart has enormous contractile...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 13:42
The effect of lifelong endurance exercise on cardiovascular structure and exercise function in women
Key points The beneficial effects of sustained or lifelong (>25 years) endurance exercise on cardiovascular structure and exercise function have been largely established in men. The current findings indicate that committed (≥ 4 weekly exercise sessions) lifelong exercise results in substantial benefits in exercise capacity (V̇O2max), cardiovascular function at submaximal and maximal exercise, left ventricular mass and compliance, and blood volume compared to similarly aged or even younger...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 13:42
Key points The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis habituates to repeated stress exposure. We studied hypothalamic corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) neurons that form the apex of the HPA axis in a mouse model of stress habituation using repeated restraint. The intrinsic excitability of CRH neurons decreased after repeated stress in a time course that coincided with the development of HPA axis habituation. This intrinsic excitability plasticity co‐developed with an expansion of...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 13:42
Abstract The increasing number of older adults has seen a corresponding growth in those affected by neurovascular diseases, including stroke and dementia. Since cures are currently unavailable, major efforts in improving brain health need to focus on prevention, with emphasis on modifiable risk factors such as promoting physical activity. Moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) paradigms have been shown to confer vascular benefits translating into improved musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 13:41
Wed Apr 29, 2020 13:39
Abstract The causes of death in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma have not been well characterized. This nationwide population‐based cohort study included 56,240 patients diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma in 1970‐2014 in Sweden. We used competing‐risks regression to compare cause‐specific risks of death in patients with different characteristics and a multiple‐cause approach to assess proportions of deaths attributable to each cause. Among 53,049 deaths, gastric cancer was the main (77.7%...
Sat May 02, 2020 22:49
Abstract Telomeric repeat‐containing RNA (TERRA) is closely involved in the regulation of telomere length, which plays critical role in tumorigenesis. However, the biological significance of TERRA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remained largely unknown. In this study, we found that HCC cells exhibited a frequent downregulation of TERRA and its positive regulator TTAGGG repeat binding factor‐1 (TRF1), whereas the negative regulator TTAGGG repeat binding factor‐1 (TRF2) was upregulated. TERRA,...
Fri May 01, 2020 22:03
Abstract Tumor metastasis dominates the death of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and it often involves dysregulation of various cytoskeletal proteins. Plastin 1 (PLS1) is an actin‐bundling protein, that has been implicated in the structure of intestinal epithelial microvilli; however, its role in CRC metastasis has not yet been determined. In this study, we demonstrated that PLS1 is highly expressed in 33.3% (45/135) CRC patients and is correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival....
Wed Apr 29, 2020 17:55
Abstract We identified characteristic metabolites related to diagnosis and malignant status of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) using surgically resected tissue. Specifically, we quantified metabolites in urine samples to evaluate their potential as clinically useful noninvasive biomarkers of ccRCC. Between January 2016 and August 2018, we collected urine samples from 87 patients with pathologically diagnosed ccRCC and 60 controls from patients with benign urological conditions. Metabolite...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 16:33
Summary Transmembrane receptors integrins are the bridges for cell‐cell or cell‐extracellular matrix interaction, which is strictly correlated to the cancer development in several tumor types. Here, we revealed that integrinβ8 serves as driver to mediate bladder cancer sustained growth and drugs resistance development. The elevated expression of integrin β8 was observed in high malignant bladder tumor tissues from patients. The in vitro and in vivo results further demonstrated that integrin β8...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 16:28
Cover Caption: The cover image is based on the Original Article Dihydromethysticin, a natural molecule from Kava, suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer via the NLRC3/PI3K pathway by Yuying Fan, Chen Jia, Fukai Liu et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.23182.
Sat May 02, 2020 17:56
Sat May 02, 2020 19:44
Abstract When I first read the manuscript that accompanies this editorial, upon its online publication on February 19th 2020(1), COVID‐19 had already killed 2118 people in China, but only one person in Europe – an 80‐year‐old tourist from China, who died in France on the 15th February. I read the manuscript with grim fascination, as it was clear that SARS‐CoV‐2 had spread very rapidly in China which already had 74,576 cases and in South Korea which already had 58 cases, and that it was then invading...
Sat May 02, 2020 14:04
Fri May 01, 2020 14:03
Wed Apr 29, 2020 21:58
Abstract Background Oral immunotherapy (OIT) for food allergy improves the quality of life (QOL) of children from parental perspective but little is known about the child perception. Methods The Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Child Form (FAQLQ‐CF) was administered to children aged 8‐12 years and the FAQLQ‐Parent Form (FAQLQ‐PF) was administered to their parents at the start of OIT for milk, egg, peanut, sesame or tree nuts, at the end of up‐dosing, and after 6 months...
Wed Apr 29, 2020 17:56
Wed Apr 29, 2020 16:07
Wed Apr 29, 2020 16:06
Ward rounds are administered in an increasingly complex clinical environment. The introduction of a ward round safety checklist significantly improved ward round performance without increasing ward round length. Abstract Background Surgeons administer care in an increasingly complex clinical environment. Time constraints put strain on individual clinicians and the multidisciplinary team, increasing the risk of human errors. The World Health Organization surgical checklist has shown to mitigate...
Fri May 01, 2020 15:00
A retrospective assessment of the utility of selective intra‐arterial calcium stimulation test to correctly localize insulinoma and a comparison to newer modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound or functional imaging was conducted. Abstract Background Insulinomas are rare tumours of the pancreas and the most common cause of hypoglycaemia in non‐diabetic adults. They can be cured by surgery but require precise localization. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of the selective...
Fri May 01, 2020 15:00
Parahiatal hernias are uncommon diaphragmatic hernias and not familiar to the general surgeons. Laparoscopic treatment of parahiatal hernia is feasible and safe in the majority cases. Surgeons should be aware of this disease when performing paraoesophageal hernia repair, as it may occur with or without previous diaphragmatic surgery. Abstract Background Parahiatal hernia is a less common form of diaphragmatic hernia, with the defect lateral to the crus and oesophageal hiatus, and the unfamiliarity...
Fri May 01, 2020 14:58
Our unit undertook a 11‐year review of all hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas treated with primary total pharyngolaryngectomy aiming to provide an update on survival outcomes, morbidity, post‐operative complications and evolving management strategies. We report one of the largest single‐centre series to date. Abstract Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and in particular hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, has long been associated with disfiguring treatment options,...
Fri May 01, 2020 14:55
This is the first study in Australia to assess the orthopaedic management of lower extremity fragility fractures in patients with long‐standing spinal cord injuries. Lower limb fragility fractures in patients with spinal cord injuries can be managed successfully via either operative or non‐operative measures. In this series, fewer complications and shorter time to union were found in patients managed operatively. Abstract Background Low‐energy fractures of the lower limb in patients post...
Fri May 01, 2020 14:54
We describe Australia's first reported case of robotic kidney autotransplantation for a complex renal artery aneurysm. It is potentially a safe, minimally invasive method of salvaging renal parenchyma and preservation of renal function in patients with complex renovascular conditions. This technique shows promise in carefully selected patients performed in centres with surgeons experienced in both kidney transplantation and the robotic platform.
Fri May 01, 2020 14:23
In a review of over 1600 patients who underwent colorectal resection, anaemia and thrombocytopenia are associated with higher rates of post‐operative complications including anastomotic leak, venous thromboembolism and longer length of stay. Increasing severity of anaemia is correlated with worse outcomes. Abstract Background Earlier studies have shown that abnormal levels of haemoglobin and platelets may be associated with worse post‐operative outcomes. We aim to compare the rates of venous...
Fri May 01, 2020 12:39
Thu Apr 30, 2020 20:29
We report the introduction of surgeon‐performed ultrasound (SUS) to an Australian head and neck cancer clinic, identifying situations where it was used and the diagnostic adequacy and accuracy of US‐FNA using our technique. Favourable results within our paper support a promising alternative to current neck lump clinic models. Abstract Background Surgeon‐performed ultrasound (SUS) changes management and surgical decision‐making. It allows for immediate ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 15:59
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