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Κυριακή 3 Μαΐου 2020

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Socioecological Factors Influencing Intergroup Encounters in Western Lowland Gorillas ( Gorilla gorilla gorilla )
Abstract Socioecological variables influence the rate and nature of encounters between conspecific primate groups. Both social (i.e., type of encounter) and ecological factors (i.e., fruit availability) affect rates and outcomes of intergroup encounters in eastern gorillas. However, the roles of individual factors underlying these events among western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) remain relatively understudied. We assessed whether group composition (the number of...
International Journal of Primatology
Sat May 02, 2020 03:00
Correlates of Information Seeking Behaviors and Experiences Among Adult Cancer Survivors in the USA
Abstract Understanding information seeking behaviors and experiences is essential for designing educational and supportive interventions to promote survivor’s self-management post treatment. This study examined health and cancer information seeking, use of internet to find cancer information, and information seeking experiences among breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer survivors. Nationally representative data collected in 2017–2018 from 2 cycles of the Health Information...
Journal of Cancer Education
Sat May 02, 2020 03:00
How to Write and Publish a Research Paper for a Peer-Reviewed Journal
Abstract Communicating research findings is an essential step in the research process. Often, peer-reviewed journals are the forum for such communication, yet many researchers are never taught how to write a publishable scientific paper. In this article, we explain the basic structure of a scientific paper and describe the information that should be included in each section. We also identify common pitfalls for each section and recommend strategies to avoid them. Further, we give...
Journal of Cancer Education
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Mimicking tumor hypoxia and tumor-immune interactions employing three-dimensional in vitro models
The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) is highly complex and not entirely understood. These complex configurations lead to the generation of oxygen-deprived conditions within the tumor niche, which mod...
Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research - Latest Articles
Fri May 01, 2020 03:00
Overcoming the bottleneck to widespread testing: A rapid review of nucleic acid testing approaches for COVID-19 detection [Review]
The current COVID-19 pandemic presents a serious public health crisis, and a better understanding of the scope and spread of the virus would be aided by more widespread testing. Nucleic-acid based tests currently offer the most sensitive and early detection of COVID-19. However, the "gold standard" test pioneered by the United States Center for Disease Control & Prevention, takes several hours to complete and requires extensive human labor, materials such as RNA extraction kits that could become...
RNA In Advance
Fri May 01, 2020 22:28
5-Methylcytosine Modification of an Epstein-Barr Virus Noncoding RNA Decreases its Stability [Article]
Many cellular noncoding RNAs contain chemically modified nucleotides that are essential for their function. The Epstein-Barr virus expresses two highly abundant noncoding RNAs called EBV-encoded RNA 1 (EBER1) and EBER2. To examine whether these viral RNAs contain modified nucleotides, we purified native EBERs from EBV-infected cells and performed mass spectrometry analysis. While EBER2 contains no modified nucleotides at stoichiometric amounts, EBER1 was found to carry 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification....
RNA In Advance
Thu Apr 30, 2020 20:48
A robust and versatile method for production and purification of large-scale RNA samples for structural biology [Article]
ABSTRACT Recent findings in genome-wide transcriptomics revealed that RNAs are involved in almost every biological process, across all domains of life. The characterization of native RNAs, of unknown function and structure, is particularly challenging due to their typical low abundance in the cell and the inherent sensitivity towards ubiquitous RNA degrading enzymes. Therefore, robust in vitro synthesis and extensive work-up methods are often needed to obtain samples amenable for biochemical, biophysical...
RNA In Advance
Thu Apr 30, 2020 20:48
Whole-Genome Comparative and Pathogenicity Analysis of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Rissen
Salmonella are a type of bacteria known to cause food-borne illness. Their host range varies widely, and their susceptibility to the host determines its pathogenicity. Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen (S. Rissen) is a widely distributed serotype; however, its virulence and pathogenicity are poorly understood. In this study, the pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of a representative S. Rissen isolate were investigated. The cell model results showed that S. Rissen preferred to replicate in human...
G3: .Genes, Genomes, Genetics Mission - Online First Articles
Sat May 02, 2020 02:18
Population Differentiation at the PVT1 Gene Locus: Implications for Prostate Cancer
Genetic variation in susceptibility to complex diseases, such as cancer, is well-established. Enrichment of disease associated alleles in specific populations could have implications for disease incidence and prevalence. Prostate cancer (PCa) is a disease with well-established higher incidence, prevalence, and worse outcomes among men of African ancestry in comparison to other populations. PCa is a multi-factorial, complex disease, but the exact mechanisms for its development and progression are...
G3: .Genes, Genomes, Genetics Mission - Online First Articles
Fri May 01, 2020 22:38
Genetic Underpinnings of Host Manipulation by Ophiocordyceps as Revealed by Comparative Transcriptomics
Ant-infecting Ophiocordyceps fungi are globally distributed, host manipulating, specialist parasites that drive aberrant behaviors in infected ants, at a lethal cost to the host. An apparent increase in activity and wandering behaviors precedes a final summiting and biting behavior onto vegetation, which positions the manipulated ant in a site beneficial for fungal growth and transmission. We investigated the genetic underpinnings of host manipulation by: (i) producing a high-quality hybrid assembly...
G3: .Genes, Genomes, Genetics Mission - Online First Articles
Thu Apr 30, 2020 23:32
Independent Whole-Genome Duplications Define the Architecture of the Genomes of the Devastating West African Cacao Black Pod Pathogen Phytophthora megakarya and Its Close Relative Phytophthora palmivora
Phytophthora megakarya and P. palmivora are oomycete pathogens that cause black pod rot of cacao (Theobroma cacao), the most economically important disease on cacao globally. While P. palmivora is a cosmopolitan pathogen, P. megakarya, which is more aggressive on cacao than P. palmivora, has been reported only in West and Central Africa where it has been spreading and devastating cacao farms since the 1950s. In this study, we reconstructed the complete diploid genomes of multiple isolates of both...
G3: .Genes, Genomes, Genetics Mission - Online First Articles
Thu Apr 30, 2020 23:32
Comparative RNAseq Analysis of the Insect-Pathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae Reveals Specific Transcriptome Signatures of Filamentous and Yeast-Like Development
The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is a facultative insect pathogen used as biological control agent of several agricultural pests worldwide. It is a dimorphic fungus that is able to display two growth morphologies, a filamentous phase with formation of hyphae and a yeast-like phase with formation of single-celled blastospores. Blastospores play an important role for M. anisopliae pathogenicity during disease development. They are formed solely in the hemolymph of infected insects as a fungal strategy...
G3: .Genes, Genomes, Genetics Mission - Online First Articles
Thu Apr 30, 2020 23:32
MTL-CEBPA, a small activating RNA therapeutic up-regulating C/EBP-{alpha}, in patients with advanced liver cancer: a first-in-human, multi-centre, open-label, phase I trial
Purpose: Transcription factor C/EBP-α (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) acts as a master regulator of hepatic and myeloid functions and multiple oncogenic processes. MTL-CEBPA is a first-in-class small activating RNA oligonucleotide drug which up-regulates C/EBP-α. Experimental Design: We conducted a phase I, open label, dose escalation trial of MTL-CEBPA in adults with advanced HCC with cirrhosis, or resulting from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or with liver metastases. Patients received...
Clinical Cancer Research Online First Articles
Fri May 01, 2020 17:19
The role of antigen-spreading in the efficacy of immunotherapies
The introduction and the unexpected efficacy of check point inhibitors (CPI) and more recently of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T-cells) in the treatment of malignant diseases boosted the efforts in the development and clinical application of immunotherapeutic approaches. However, the definition of predictive factors associated with clinical responses as well as the identification of underlying mechanisms that promote the therapeutic efficacy remain to be determined. Starting from the first...
Clinical Cancer Research Online First Articles
Fri May 01, 2020 17:19
PD-1/PD-L1 blockers in NSCLC brain metastases: challenging paradigms and clinical practice
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, most pivotal phase 3 trials systematically excluded patients with active brain metastases (BM), precluding the generalization of the results. Though theoretically restricted from crossing the blood-brain barrier, the novel pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs have prompted studies to evaluate their activity in NSCLC patients with active central...
Clinical Cancer Research Online First Articles
Thu Apr 30, 2020 16:13
Randomized control trial comparing an Alvarado Score-based management algorithm and current best practice in the evaluation of suspected appendicitis
An objective algorithm for the management of suspected appendicitis guided by the Alvarado Score had previously been proposed. This algorithm was expected to reduce computed tomography (CT) utilization without...
World Journal of Emergency Surgery - Latest Articles
Fri May 01, 2020 03:00
Unexplained Hyperthyroglobulinemia in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Patients Indicates Radioiodine Adjuvant Therapy: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Background: The management for totally thyroidectomized differentiated thyroid cancer (TT-DTC) patients with unexplained hyperthyroglobulinemia remains indeterminate due to evidence scarcity. This multicenter study aimed at prospectively evaluating the response to radioiodine (131I) adjuvant therapy (RAT) and its potential role in risk stratification and causal clarification. Methods: TT-DTC patients with stimulated serum thyroglobulin (Tgoff) levels > 10 ng/mL but no structurally evident disease...
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM)
Fri May 01, 2020 21:16
NEMESIS: Non-inferiority, Individual Patient Meta-analysis of Selective Internal Radiation Therapy with Yttrium-90 Resin Microspheres versus Sorafenib in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
In randomized clinical trials (RCTs), no survival benefit has been observed for selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) over sorafenib in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC). This study aimed to assess by means of a meta-analysis whether overall survival (OS) with SIRT, as monotherapy or followed by sorafenib, is non-inferior to sorafenib, and compare safety profiles for patients with aHCC. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to February 2019 to identify...
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM)
Fri May 01, 2020 21:16
Molecular imaging of PD-L1 expression and dynamics with the adnectin-based PET tracer 18F-BMS-986192
18F-BMS-986192, an adnectin-based human programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tracer, was developed to non-invasively determine whole-body PD-L1 expression by positron emission tomography (PET). We evaluated usability of 18F-BMS-986192 PET to detect different PD-L1 expression levels and therapy-induced changes of PD-L1 expression in tumors. Methods: In vitro binding assays with 18F-BMS-986192 were performed in human tumor cell lines with different total cellular and membrane PD-L1 protein expression...
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM)
Fri May 01, 2020 21:16
Reported differences between Digital and Analog PET/CT studies
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM)
Fri May 01, 2020 21:16
Impact of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET on the Management of recurrent Prostate Cancer in a Prospective Single-Arm Clinical Trial
Introduction: Prostate-specific membrane antigen ligand positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) induces management changes in patients with prostate cancer. We aim to better characterize the impact of PSMA PET on management of recurrent prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort. Methods: We report management changes following PSMA PET, a secondary endpoint of a prospective multicenter trial in men with prostate cancer biochemical recurrence. Pre-PET (Q1), Post-PET (Q2) and Post-Treatment (Q3)...
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM)
Fri May 01, 2020 21:16
177Lu-EB-PSMA radioligand therapy with escalating doses in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Purpose: This study is designed to assess the safety and therapeutic response to 177Lu-EB-PSMA treatment with escalating doses in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Methods: With institutional review board approval and informed consent, patients were randomly divided into three groups: Group A (n = 10) were treated with 1.18 ± 0.09 GBq/dose of 177Lu-EB-PSMA. Group B (n = 10) were treated with 2.12 ± 0.19 GBq/dose of 177Lu-EB-PSMA. Group C (n = 8) were treated...
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM)
Fri May 01, 2020 21:16
Reshaping the amyloid buildup curve in Alzheimer's disease? - Partial volume effect correction of longitudinal amyloid PET data
It was hypothesized that the brain β-amyloid buildup curve plateaus at an early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD) stage. Atrophy-related partial volume effects (PVEs) degrade signal in hot-spot imaging techniques, such as amyloid positron emission tomography (PET). This longitudinal analysis of amyloid-sensitive PET data investigated the shape of the β-amyloid curve in AD applying PVE correction (PVEC). We analyzed baseline and 2-year follow-up data of 216 symptomatic individuals on the AD continuum...
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM)
Fri May 01, 2020 21:16
Editor's Page: Unacceptable Denials
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM)
Fri May 01, 2020 21:16
Integrity of neurocognitive networks in dementing disorders as measured with simultaneous PET/fMRI
Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have reported altered integrity of large-scale neurocognitive networks (NCNs) in dementing disorders. However, findings on specificity of these alterations in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are still very limited. Recently, NCNs have been successfully captured using positron emission tomography (PET) with F18-fluordesoxyglucose (FDG). Methods: Network integrity was measured...
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM)
Fri May 01, 2020 21:16
The Impact of Radiobiologically-Informed Dose Prescription on the Clinical Benefit of Yttrium-90 SIRT in Colorectal Cancer Patients
The purpose of this study was to establish the dose-response relationship of selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), when informed by radiobiological sensitivity parameters derived from mCRC cell lines exposed to yttrium-90 (90Y). Methods: 23 mCRC patients with liver metastases refractory to chemotherapy were included. 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT images were transformed into dose maps assuming the local dose deposition method. Baseline and...
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM)
Fri May 01, 2020 21:16
PET imaging quantifying 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake in metastatic colorectal cancer
At diagnosis 22% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have metastases and 50% later develop metastasis. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with lutetium-177 (177Lu)-PSMA-617 is employed to treat metastatic prostate cancer (PC). 177Lu-PSMA-617 targets Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) a cell surface protein enriched in PC and the neovasculature of other solid tumors including CRC. We performed gallium-68 (68Ga)-PSMA-11 PET-CT imaging of ten metastatic CRC patients to assess metastasis...
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (JNM)
Fri May 01, 2020 21:16
The American College of Nuclear Medicine Guidance on Operating Procedures for a Nuclear Medicine Facility During COVID-19 Pandemic
The novel coronavirus 2 pandemic is causing widespread disruption in everyday life necessitating urgent and radical adaptations in operating procedures at Nuclear Medicine facilities. The potential for causing severe illness, COVID-19, calls for strict observance of preventive measures aimed to mitigate the spread of the virus. The threat of COVID-19 is particularly serious as there is no vaccine and no specific antiviral therapy. Further complications are introduced by shortages of personal protective...
Clinical Nuclear Medicine - Published Ahead-of-Print
Fri May 01, 2020 03:00
Complicated sinusitis in developing countries: an African perspective
Purpose of review Complicated rhinosinusitis continues to be a diagnosis not to be missed because of the potential life-threatening and life-changing outcomes. This is true for clinicians in both developed and developing countries. Advances in diagnostic imaging, appropriate antibiotic use and timely surgical intervention have resulted in better outcomes particularly in the developed world. This review focuses on the current management of complicated sinusitis in resource-limited settings. Recent...
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue
Sat May 02, 2020 03:51
Thickened liquids: do they still have a place in the dysphagia toolkit?
Purpose of review The use of commercially or naturally thickened liquids is a well-established treatment for patients with dysphagia to fluids, the aim of which is to improve swallow safety by minimizing risk of aspiration. Although the most recent systematic reviews conclude that this treatment lacks evidential support and leads to patient-reported worsening health and quality of life, thickened liquids continue to be used with patients with dysphagia across clinical settings. This review briefly...
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue
Sat May 02, 2020 03:51
Editorial: Developing world perspectives in otolaryngology: infectious complications in otolaryngology
No abstract available
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue
Sat May 02, 2020 03:51
Returning to work after head and neck cancer
Purpose of review There is a lack of evidence worldwide on return to work (RTW) in head and neck cancer (HNC), possibly because traditionally those suffering with it were typically at retirement age and survival rates were low. However, in the last 30 years, HNC survival rates have increased, resulting in more people living with the after-effects of treatment for longer, and many are of working-age. The HNC population is also changing because of a 20% increased incidence of oral and pharyngeal...
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue
Sat May 02, 2020 03:51
Editorial introductions
No abstract available
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue
Sat May 02, 2020 03:51
Enhanced recovery after head and neck cancer surgery: a review of current literature
Purpose of review Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) is well documented in a number of surgical specialities. However, it remains an emerging concept in surgical head and neck cancer care. The purpose of this review is to appraise the current evidence investigating enhanced recovery in head and neck cancer, and explore areas for future clinical research. Recent findings There were three key themes in enhanced recovery from the current head and neck cancer literature: early oral feeding,...
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue
Sat May 02, 2020 03:51
Management of infective complications of otitis media in resource-constrained settings
Purpose of review Complications of otitis media are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality, compounded in resource-constrained settings in which human and physical resources to manage disease are suboptimal. Here, we examine the current best evidence to devise a protocol for management, in particular exploring the opportunity for conservative or nonspecialist management. Recent findings Reviews of the literature suggest that intratemporal and extracranial infections can be managed...
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue
Sat May 02, 2020 03:51
Changing paradigms in the treatment of residual/recurrent head and neck cancer: implications for dysphagia management
Purpose of review Despite advances in head and neck cancer treatment provision, recurrence rates remain high with the added risk of successfully treated patients developing a second primary. We report on the management of dysphagia in the context of residual/recurrent or new disease in a preirradiated field and make suggestions for future research. Recent findings There have been numerous developments in treatment options for people with residual/recurrent head and neck cancer. This is because...
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue
Sat May 02, 2020 03:51
Head and neck surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in resource-constrained settings
Purpose of review Antimicrobial resistance represents a global threat and causes almost 700 000 deaths per year. The rapid dissemination of resistant bacteria is occurring globally, turning this into the primary threat to public health in the 21st century and forcing organizations around the globe to take urgent action. Recent findings About risks related to surgical site infection (SSI) in head and neck surgery, surgical limitations in resource-constrained settings, comorbidities and the...
Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue
Sat May 02, 2020 03:51
[ASAP] Atomic Pt-Catalyzed Heterogeneous Anti-Markovnikov C–N Formation: Pt<sub>1</sub><sup>0</sup> Activating N–H for Pt<sub>1</sub><sup>d+</sup>-Activated C-C Attack
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02997
Journal of the American Chemical Society: Latest Articles (ACS Publications)
Fri May 01, 2020 07:00
[ASAP] How to Control the Rate of Heterogeneous Electron Transfer across the Rim of M<sub>6</sub>L<sub>12</sub> and M<sub>12</sub>L<sub>24</sub> Nanospheres
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01869
Journal of the American Chemical Society: Latest Articles (ACS Publications)
Fri May 01, 2020 07:00

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