Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, location, size and morphological characteristics of left atrial diverticula using electrocardiographically gated multi-detector computed tomography in patients with normal sinus rhythm. Methods Electrocardiographically gated cardiac multi-detector computed tomography...
07:55
Abstract Purpose One of the most widespread surgical conditions is acute appendicitis in industrialized countries. Nevertheless, diagnosis of borderline cases is mostly troublesome and needs subsequent researches. For this reason, we aimed to investigate new parameters to improve estimation of acute appendicitis. Lymphoid hyperplasia, impacted stool, faecolith, caecal or appendiceal tumors have been accepted as causes of appendicitis...
07:55
Abstract Purpose To determine fetal clitoral dimensions in antenatal period and to provide a contribution to external genital morphology determination in premature infants. Methods Thirty-one formalin fixed female fetuses aged between 18 and 40 weeks (17 fetuses aged 21.53 ± 1.88 weeks in the second trimester and 14 fetuses aged 31.00 ± 4.90 weeks...
07:55
The histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of primary and metastatic diseases from a human papilloma virus- (HPV-) related anal squamous carcinoma (ASCC) would typically demonstrate the same histology as an HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma (OPSCC). However, determining whether a site of squamous cell carcinoma represents distant metastatic ASCC versus a metastatic HPV-related metastasis from an OPSCC to a regional lymph node carries profound prognostic and therapeutic implications....
03:20
Abstract Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or urine leakage from urethra occurs due to an increase in abdominal pressure resulting from stress like a cough or jumping height. SUI is more frequent among post-menopausal women. In the absence of bladder contraction, vesical pressure exceeds urethral pressure leading to urine leakage. The main aim of this study is to utilize fluid-structure interaction techniques to model bladder and urethra computationally under an external pressure...
02:00
While the major function of transfer RNA is conserved across the tree of life, organisms differ in the types and numbers of tRNA genes that they carry. The evolutionary mechanisms behind the emergence of different tRNA gene sets remain largely obscure. Here, we report the rapid and repeated evolution of a tRNA gene set in laboratory populations of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25. Deletion of the non-essential, single-copy tRNA gene serCGA from SBW25 results in a sub-optimal tRNA gene...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Sex-specific lifespans are ubiquitous across the tree of life and exhibit broad taxonomic patterns that remain a puzzle, such as males living longer than females in birds and vice versa in mammals. The prevailing 'unguarded-X' hypothesis (UXh) explains this by differential expression of recessive mutations in the X/Z chromosome of the heterogametic sex (e.g., females in birds and males in mammals), but has only received indirect support to date. An alternative hypothesis is that the accumulation...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
In diverse mutualistic relationships, genetic variations in impact on the growth of interacting partners-variations in partner quality-are common, despite the theoretical prediction that selection favoring high-quality partners should eliminate such variations. Here, we investigated how variations in partner quality could be maintained in the nitrogen-fixing mutualism between Lotus japonicus and Mesorhizobium bacteria. We reconstructed de novo assembled full-genome sequences from nine rhizobial symbionts,...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Ancient DNA has allowed the study of various aspects of human history in unprecedented detail. However, because the majority of archaic human specimens preserved well enough for genome sequencing have been female, comprehensive studies of Y chromosomes of Denisovans and Neandertals have not yet been possible. Here we present sequences of the first Denisovan Y chromosomes (Denisova 4 and Denisova 8), as well as the Y chromosomes of three late Neandertals (Spy 94a, Mezmaiskaya 2 and El Sidron 1253)....
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Inclusive fitness theory has transformed the study of adaptive evolution since 1964, contributing to significant empirical findings. However, its status as a theory has been challenged by the proposals of several alternative frameworks. Those challenges have been countered by analyses that use the Price equation and the regression method. The Price equation is a universal description of evolutionary change, and the partitioning of the Price equation using the regression method immediately yields...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Consider the functional interaction of gene A to an interaction subject X; for instance, it is the gene-gene interaction if X represents for a gene, or gene-tissue interaction (expression status) if X for a tissue. In the simplest case, the status of this A-X interaction is r=1 if they are interacted, or r=0 otherwise. A fundamental problem in molecular evolution is, given two homologous (orthologous or paralogous) genes A and B, to what extent their functional overlapping could be by the means of...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
The mechanics of Dipteran thorax is dictated by a network of exoskeletal linkages which, when deformed by flight muscles, generate coordinated wing movements. In Diptera, forewings power flight, whereas hindwings have evolved into specialized halteres which provide rapid mechanosensory feedback for flight stabilization. Although actuated by independent muscles, wing-haltere motion is precisely phase-coordinated at high frequencies. Because wingbeat frequency is a product of wing-thorax resonance,...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Discrepancies in mitochondrial and nuclear genetic data are often interpreted as evidence of hybridisation. We re-examined reports of hybridisation in three cryptic stingless bee species in the genus Tetragonula in South East Queensland, Australia (T. carbonaria, T. davenporti, and T. hockingsi). Previous studies on this group using microsatellites proposed that rare hybrids do occur. In contrast, we find that allele frequencies at neutral regions of the nuclear genome (both microsatellites and random...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Background: Ever decreasing costs along with advances in sequencing and library preparation technologies enable even small research groups to generate chromosome-level assemblies today. Here we report the generation of an improved chromosome-level assembly for the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) that was carried out during a practical university Masters course. The Siamese fighting fish is a popular aquarium fish and an emerging model species for research on aggressive behaviour. We updated...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Papillomaviruses (PVs) have a wide host range, infecting mammals, birds, turtles, and snakes. The recent discovery of PVs in different fish species allows for a more complete reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the viral family. In this study we combine fossil record estimates and molecular dating to analyze evolutionary events that occurred during PV evolution, as well as to estimate speciation and evolutionary rates. We have used four different data sets to explore and correct for potential...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
A novel allele of ASY3 promotes meiotic stability in autotetraploid Arabidopsis lyrata [NEW RESULTS]
In this study we performed a genotype-phenotype association analysis of meiotic stability in ten autotetraploid Arabidopsis lyrata and A. lyrata/A. arenosa hybrid populations collected from the Wachau region and East Austrian Forealps. The aim was to determine the effect of eight meiosis genes under extreme selection upon adaptation to whole genome duplication. Individual plants were genotyped by high-throughput sequencing of the eight meiosis genes (ASY1, ASY3, PDS5b, PRD3, REC8, SMC3, ZYP1a/b)...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
One of the most useful models in population genetics is that of a selective sweep and the consequent hitch-hiking of linked neutral alleles. While variations on this model typically assume constant population size, many instances of strong selection and rapid adaptation in nature may co-occur with complex demography. Here we extend the hitch-hiking model to evolutionary rescue, where adaptation and demography not only co-occur but are intimately entwined. Our results show how this feedback between...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Mon Mar 09, 2020 13:48
The exploration of tridimensional (3D) technology of computational tomography and the development of valid 3D printed models may improve the assessment of adenoid obstruction. The identification of an enlarged...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Abstract The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in elderly and poor performance status (PS) patients is controversial, because clinical evidence is limited. This study aimed to find a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies in these patient populations. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who were ≥ 75 years of age or classified as PS 2 and received anti-PD-1...
02:00
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Abstract More than 2000 immuno-oncology agents are being tested or are in use as a result of the cancer immunotherapy revolution. Manipulation of co-inhibitory receptors has achieved tumor eradication in a minority of patients, but widespread immune-related adverse events (irAEs) compromised tolerance to healthy self-tissues in the majority. We have proposed that a major mechanism of irAEs is similar to a graft-versus-malignancy effect of graft-versus-host disease. To verify our...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Abstract The most studied medical condition related with dental erosions is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim of this study was to assess other predictors of dental erosions besides GERD in outpatients referred for upper digestive endoscopy. In a cross-sectional study, we prospectively evaluated 235 patients who underwent upper digestive endoscopy. Patients were interviewed and examined by a trained dentist before the endoscopies, addressing dental health as well...
02:00
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
The Journal of Antibiotics, Published online: 09 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0289-2Deciphering colistin heteroresistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Wenzhou, China
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
The Journal of Antibiotics, Published online: 09 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0293-6Improvement of the novel inhibitor for Mycobacterium enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA): a structure–activity relationship study of KES4 assisted by in silico structure-based drug screening
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Mon Mar 09, 2020 02:00
Fri Mar 06, 2020 02:00
Surgical Infections, Ahead of Print.
Wed Mar 04, 2020 10:00
J Neurol Surg BDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701602 Background To evaluate the utilization of image guidance technology for pediatric transsphenoidal pituitary resection (TSPR) and analyze the complication rates, length of stay (LOS), and total cost for such surgeries as function of time and utilization of image guidance. Methods The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) was queried for all cases of TSPR between 1997 and 2016. Factors extracted included...
Mon Mar 09, 2020 01:00
J Neurol Surg BDOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705166Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New YorkArticle in Thieme eJournals:Table of contents | Full text
Mon Mar 09, 2020 01:00
Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.
Wed Mar 04, 2020 10:00
Background: Since 2012, the authors have adopted the medial subcoronoid process bone interpositional grafting in OGS and genioplasty procedures. The purpose of this study was to present the technical details and clinical outcomes of this alternative bone interpositional grafting for LeFort I and chin osteotomies. Methods: Consecutive patients (n = 50) who underwent single-splint bimaxillary OGS with or without genioplasty and received medial subcoronoid bone interpositional grafting were...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
No abstract available
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
For the management of cleft palate, the surgical approach has been suggested at an early stage even in childhood, varying in the number of interventions. Once the interventions are not performed at appropriate times, such as sequences that may accompany specific psychological, functional, and aesthetic effects. Since it has been indicated, temporal muscle flap is a technique with satisfactory results for a resolution of extensive clef palate in adult patients. The purpose of this paper is reporting...
Sun Mar 01, 2020 02:00
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