Abstract Bleeding canker of horse chestnut trees is a bacterial disease, caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. aesculi, estimated to be present in ~ 50% of UK horse chestnut trees. Currently, the disease has no cure and tree removal can be a common method of reducing inoculum and preventing spread. One potential method of control could be achieved using naturally occurring bacteriophages infective to the causative bacterium. Bacteriophages were isolated from symptomatic...
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Abstract Ectoine is widely produced by various bacteria as a natural cell protectant against environment stress, e.g., osmotic and temperature stress. Its protective properties therefore exhibit high commercial value, especially in agriculture, medicine, cosmetics, and biotechnology. Here, we successfully constructed an engineered Escherichia coli for the heterologous production of ectoine. Firstly, the ectABC genes from Halomonas elongata were introduced into E. coli MG1655 to...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Abstract During the exploration of microbial natural resources, two strains of Pseudomonas, PS14T and PS24T, were isolated from samples taken from Izu Oshima, a volcanic island located 120 km southwest of central Tokyo. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that PS14T was most similar to Pseudomonas baetica a390T (99.6%) and Pseudomonas helmanticensis OHA11T (99.5%), and that PS24T was most similar to Pseudomonas qingdaonensis JJ3T (98.8%) and Pseudomonas...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Abstract The optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is surgical resection. However, only a small percentage of patients are amenable to this option. Percutaneous radiofrequency interstitial thermal ablation (TA) proved to be effective in the treatment of unresectable HCC. Recent advances in laparoscopic ultrasound have improved the accuracy in detecting small intrahepatic HCC nodules missed by pre-operative imaging techniques. Our objective was to evaluate an operative...
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Abstract With increased use of medical imaging, the incidental detection of benign solid liver tumors has become more frequent. Facing with benign disease, the indications for surgery are still object of discussion in light of the stable natural course of most lesions and obvious drawbacks of any surgical intervention; therefore, in most situations, a conservative approach is recommended, and surgery is mainly reserved for those cases with persistent or worsening symptoms, or...
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Abstract Objective To investigate if size measurements of liver observations is more variable in the arterial phase as suggested by LI-RADS and assess potential higher instability in categorization in this particular phase. Secondarily, to assess inter- and intra-reader agreement for size across phases. Materials and methods Patients with liver cirrhosis...
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Abstract Purpose To quantify how often the LI-RADS v2018 category changed when utilizing major features only, when utilizing major and ancillary features, and when utilizing major and ancillary features excluding gadoxetate-specific ancillary features. Methods Retrospective analysis of 100 patients age 18 and older at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Abstract Acute pancreatitis has a wide array of imaging presentations. Various classifications have been used in the past to standardize the terminology and reduce confusing and redundant terms. We aim to review the historical and current classifications of acute pancreatitis and propose a new reporting template which can improve communication between various medical teams by use of appropriate terminology and structured radiology template. The standardized reporting template not...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Abstract The evaluation and management of adrenal disease is a complex endeavor that relies on an expert knowledge of human physiology and anatomy. Careful and proper patient assessment mandates a balanced approach which marries the disciplines of endocrinology, surgery, and radiology. Any of these three specialties may be on the front line in performing the initial workup when an adrenal neoplasm is discovered. With an ever-increasing volume of cross-sectional imaging, be it CT,...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
The Journal of Antibiotics, Published online: 19 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41429-020-0300-yIndustry incentives and antibiotic resistance: an introduction to the antibiotic susceptibility bonus
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Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
Wed Mar 18, 2020 09:00
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 3, March 2020.
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High Altitude Medicine &Biology, Ahead of Print.
Wed Mar 18, 2020 09:00
Thyroid, Ahead of Print.
Wed Mar 18, 2020 09:00
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Tissue Engineering Part A, Volume 26, Issue 5-6, Page 373-373, March 2020.
Tue Mar 17, 2020 09:00
Tissue Engineering Part A, Volume 26, Issue 5-6, Page 318-338, March 2020.
Tue Mar 17, 2020 09:00
Tissue Engineering Part A, Volume 26, Issue 5-6, Page 350-357, March 2020.
Tue Mar 17, 2020 09:00
Tissue Engineering Part A, Volume 26, Issue 5-6, Page 339-349, March 2020.
Tue Mar 17, 2020 09:00
Silk-Reinforced Collagen Hydrogels with Raised Multiscale Stiffness for Mesenchymal Cells 3D Culture
Tissue Engineering Part A, Volume 26, Issue 5-6, Page 358-370, March 2020.
Tue Mar 17, 2020 09:00
Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science concerned with building smart software or machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. We present a protocol for the use of AI to fabricate implant-supported monolithic zirconia crowns (MZCs) cemented on customized hybrid abutments. Methods ...
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Abstract Background High incidence of treatable oral conditions has been reported among palliative patients. However, a large proportion of palliative patients lose their ability to communicate their sufferings. Therefore, it may lead to under-reporting of oral conditions among these patients. This review systematically synthesized the published evidence on the presence of oral conditions among palliative patients, the impact,...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Abstract Background Digitalisation is an expanding field in dentistry and implementation of digital teaching methods in dental education is an essential part of modern education. Therefore, two digital training modules were implemented in the preclinical curriculum at the Justus Liebig University Giessen. The aim of this study was to assess the students’ perspective on the implementation with a questionnaire survey. ...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 19 March 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0772-3Global analysis of human glycosyltransferases reveals novel targets for pancreatic cancer pathogenesis
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Recent biological invasions offer remarkable 'natural' laboratories to understand the genetics and ecology of adaptation, hybridization, and range limits. One of the most impressive and well-documented invasions of the 20th century began in Brazil with the escape of introduced African honey bees (Apis mellifera scutellata) in 1957. In less than 50 years, populations of 'Africanized' honey bees spread across much of the Americas, hybridizing with and outcompeting resident European honey bees. We use...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Many animals can modify the environments in which they live, thereby changing the selection pressures they experience. A common example of such niche-construction is the use, creation, or modification of environmental resources for use as nests or shelters. Because these resources often have correlated structural elements, it can be difficult to disentangle the relative contribution of these elements to resource choice, and the preference functions underlying niche-construction behaviour remain hidden....
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Recent finding of a fossil, Oculudentavis khaungraae Xing et al. 2020, entombed in a Late Cretaceous amber was claimed to represent a humming bird-sized dinosaur [1]. Regardless the intriguing evolutional hypotheses about the bauplan of Mesozoic dinosaurs (including birds) posited therein, this enigmatic animal, however, demonstrates various lizard-like morphologies, which challenge the fundamental morphological gap between Lepidosauria and Archosauria. Here we reanalyze the original computed tomography...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Comparative evidence suggests that adaptive plasticity may evolve as a response to predictable environmental variation. However, less attention has been placed on unpredictable environmental variation, which is considered to affect evolutionary trajectories by increasing phenotypic variation (or bet-hedging). Here, we examine the occurrence of bet-hedging in egg developmental rates in seven species of annual killifish, which originate from a gradient of variation in precipitation rates, under three...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Nations throughout the Indo-Pacific region use pyrethroid insecticides to control Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue, often without knowledge of pyrethroid resistance status of the pest or origin of resistance. Two mutations (V1016G + F1534C) in the sodium channel gene (Vssc) of Ae. aegypti modify ion channel function and cause target-site resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, with a third mutation (S989P) having a potential additive effect. Of 27 possible genotypes involving these mutations,...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Mountains of Southwest China (MSWC) is a biodiversity hotspot with a very unique and highly complex terrain. However, with the majority of studies focusing on the biogeographic consequences of massive mountain building, the Quaternary legacy of biodiversity for the MSWC has long been overlooked. Here, we took a comparative phylogeography approach to examine factors that shaped community-wide diversification. With data from 30 vertebrate species, the results reveal spatially concordant genetic structure,...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Hybrid zones provide a window into the evolutionary processes governing species divergence. While the role of postzygotic isolation has been extensively characterized, the contribution of prezygotic isolation is less well explored. In particular, the effect of mate choice mediated by preference learning such as self-recognition or imprinting remains largely elusive. Here, we present model-based simulations investigating the influence of the preference function, the genetic architecture of the mating...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Interspecific gene flow by hybridization may weaken species barriers and adaptive divergence, but also initiate reinforcement of reproductive isolation trough natural and sexual selection. The extent and consequences of interspecific gene flow in natural systems remain poorly understood. To assess genome-wide patterns of gene flow between the two closely related European dung fly species Sepsis cynipsea and Sepsis neocynipsea (Diptera: Sepsidae), we analyzed whole-genome resequencing data from pooled...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
In malaria and several other important infectious diseases, high prevalence occurs concomintantly with incomplete immunity. This apparent paradox poses major challenges to malaria elimination in highly endemic regions, where asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections are present across all age classes creating a large reservoir that maintains transmission. This reservoir is in turn enabled by extreme antigenic diversity of the parasite and turnover of new variants. We present here the concept...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Catastrophic events, such as volcanic eruptions, can have profound impacts on the demographic histories of resident taxa. Due to its presumed effect on biodiversity, the Pleistocene eruption of super-volcano Toba has received abundant attention. We test the effects of the Toba eruption on the diversification, genetic diversity, and demography of three co-distributed species of parachuting frogs (Genus Rhacophorus) on Sumatra. We generate target-capture data (~950 loci and ~440,000 bp) for three species...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
In this article, we model cultural knowledge as a capital in which individuals invest at a cost. To this end, following other models of cultural evolution, we explicitly consider the investments made by individuals in culture as life history decisions. Our aim is to understand what then determines the dynamics of cultural accumulation. We show that culture can accumulate provided it improves the efficiency of people's lives in such a way as to increase their productivity or, said differently, provided...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Hybridization has the potential to generate or homogenize biodiversity and is a particularly common phenomenon in plants, with an estimated 25% of species undergoing inter-specific gene flow. However, hybridization in Amazonia's megadiverse tree flora was assumed to be extremely rare despite extensive sympatry between closely related species, and its role in diversification remains enigmatic because it has not yet been examined empirically. Using members of a dominant Amazonian tree family (Brownea,...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
Antagonistic interactions between the sexes are important drivers of evolutionary divergence. Interlocus sexual conflict is generally theorised as a conflict between alleles at two interacting loci whose identity and genomic location are arbitrary. Here we build on previous theory and suggest that when these two loci are located on the X and Y (or Z and W) chromosomes, it can lead to cycles of antagonistic coevolution between the sex chromosomes and the two sexes. To test this hypothesis, we performed...
Wed Mar 18, 2020 02:00
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