Abstract The ability to discriminate between danger and safety is crucial for survival across species. Whereas danger signals predict the onset of a potentially threatening event, safety signals indicate the non-occurrence of an aversive event, thereby reducing fear and stress responses. While the neural basis of conditioned safety remains to be elucidated, fear extinction studies provide evidence that the infralimbic cortex (IL) modulates fear inhibition. In the current study,...
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Abstract Background This review aims to identify whether risky decision-making is increased in substance users, and the impact of substance type, polysubstance use status, abstinence period, and treatment status on risky decision-making. Methods A literature search with no date restrictions was conducted to identify case-control studies or cross-sectional...
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Abstract Introduction Gelsemine is a natural alkaloid extracted from Gelsemium elegans Benth., a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Gelsemine has been shown to penetrate the brain, and could produce neurological activities, such as anxiolytic and neuralgia-alleviating effects, suggesting that this natural compound might be used for treating nervous system diseases. Results ...
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0850-6Impact of HPV vaccination on cervical screening performance: a population-based cohort study
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Effects of effective stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases on the adjacent brain parenchyma
British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0853-3Effects of effective stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases on the adjacent brain parenchyma
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0848-0Lymphoedema screening: setting the standard
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0844-4Increases in arm volume predict lymphoedema and quality of life deficits after axillary surgery: a prospective cohort study
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0847-1Tumour budding and tumour–stroma ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0851-5Integrated single-cell and bulk gene expression and ATAC-seq reveals heterogeneity and early changes in pathways associated with resistance to cetuximab in HNSCC-sensitive cell lines
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Effects of effective stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases on the adjacent brain parenchyma
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ABSTRACT Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare ciliopathy with variable retinal dystrophy, polydactyly, renal abnormalities, obesity, cognitive impairment, and hypogonadism. Biallelic pathogenic variants have been identified in 24 genes, leading to BBS in an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. In this study, we investigated a cohort of 16 families (20 individuals) presenting with typical BBS originating from La Réunion Island using sequencing (Sanger and high‐throughput methods) and SNP...
Sun May 03, 2020 14:14
Esophagitis influences quality of life and might cause treatment interruption and hospitalization. Previous studies of risk factors focused on curative treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which o...
Fri May 01, 2020 03:00
ABSTRACT The genetic hallmark of classic Ewing sarcoma is a recurrent fusion between EWSR1 or FUS gene with a member of the ETS transcription factor family. In contrast, tumors with non‐ETS gene partners have been designated until recently “Ewing‐like sarcoma”, as a provisional molecular entity, as their clinical and pathologic features were still evolving. However, this group was reclassified as “round cell sarcoma with EWSR1‐non‐ETS fusions” in the latest 2020 WHO classification. Moreover, round...
Sun May 03, 2020 14:08
Abstract Background Computer‐assisted orthopaedic surgery systems have great potential, but no review has focused on computer‐assisted surgery systems for the spine, hip, and knee. Methods A systematic search was performed in http://www.baidu.com/link?url=-asHKPeotwWjNTgl1TD-TYuilmzJ_Rh3T63NTuB3PELQ5q95AtN9DBd9oI1jCcafWeb of Science and PubMed. We searched the literature on computer‐assisted orthopaedic surgery systems from 2008 to the present and focused on three aspects of systems:...
Sun May 03, 2020 15:10
Sun May 03, 2020 15:09
Abstract Objective To investigate possible metastasis predictors for neck sublevel IIb in papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral neck metastasis and to determine the reliability of preoperative ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) as a method of detecting positive lymph nodes in sublevel IIa in comparison with the finding of definitive pathohistological analysis. Design Prospective study with patients with proven lateral neck metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma...
Sun May 03, 2020 19:06
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The otolaryngologist – head and neck surgeon plays a unique role in the acute management of partial airway obstruction due to their familiarity with the surgical instruments and technical skills in establishing both non-surgical and surgical airway access. When a partial airway obstruction deteriorates into impending or sudden airway loss, the surgeon must work intimately with the anesthesiologist and supporting staff to promptly establish an airway to minimize the injuries associated with prolonged...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
Management of a difficult airway caused by pathology below the glottic inlet is high-risk and requires a shared approach to airway management and surgical treatment. Access to the trachea requires a careful assessment of the airway since the end-point of laryngoscopy for infraglottic airway management is not visualization of the larynx for tube placement, but access to the laryngotracheal complex in cases where intubation may not be feasible, or if performed, may preclude surgical access.This work...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
A systematic approach to airway management for TORS will translate to a high-reliability system capable of handling anticipated and unexpected difficult airway situations. Intubation and glottic exposure for surgery need to be considered as distinct but critical components. Pre-operative team briefings can contribute to effective planning and preparedness. Management options for TORS difficult airway should include formal consideration of awake tracheostomy and surgical microdirect laryngoscopy to...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
This article reviews airway management principles and techniques related to thyroid surgery. This patient population requires a unique preoperative evaluation. Multiple techniques for airway management exist and are utilized on a case-by-case basis. Highlighted in this article are also the special circumstances in thyroid surgery patients in which a difficult airway can present. Adequate preparation for difficult situations is crucial in the management of thyroid surgery patients.
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
Complex cervicofacial infections encompass a unique subset of upper and lower airway disorders with both potential to progress into a life-threating clinical condition. In the modern era, treatment of aggressive extracranial infections continues to revolve around the hallmark principles of airway stabilization, broad-spectrum antimicrobials, radiography, and surgical drainage. Approaches to complicated head and neck infections remain a multidisciplinary endeavor involving an experienced team of anesthesiologists,...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
Airway management challenges encompass the anticipated (e.g. airway pathology, history of difficult intubation, bleeding) and the unanticipated. Challenging airway situations also occur in patients with existing in-situ tracheostomy tubes and laryngectomy stomas or in intubated patients around the time of planned or unplanned extubation. Preparedness to handle difficult airway scenarios requires a structured approach to patient assessment, identification, and planning. Preparedness also necessitates...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
Airway management requires an assessment of the two curves of the airway and how these are affected by pathology within the head and neck region. The changes in airway curvature due to head and neck positioning as well as regional pathology are correlated with the effects of different airway devices to enable the operator to predict the success or failure of airway management. Airway device groups are not mutually exclusive to specific airway pathologies but may function successfully in a variety...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
In airway management, a ‘Cannot Intubate, Cannot oxygenate’ emergency, or simply ‘CICO’ (IPA: kaɪkəʊ), is an inability to restore alveolar oxygenation by means of any lifeline (facemask, endotracheal tube or supraglottic airway device) through the upper airway. With ‘CICO’, hypoxic brain damage and death will result unless there is rapid resolution. The ability of an airway team member to swiftly establish an emergency Front of Neck Airway (eFONA) as a CICO rescue is currently deemed to be an essential...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
A difficult airway can arise as a primary emergent or urgent one, or during an elective procedure, with unexpected and rapid deterioration in oxygenation. Both scenarios may be handled differently. However, open communication and planning between airway specialists involved are critical for a good outcome. Depending on the underlying causes of difficult airway situations, different approaches and management algorithms obtain. The Otolaryngologist-Head and Neck Surgeon (OHNS) should be familiar and...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
It is an honor to serve as an anesthesiologist as a guest editor for this issue on the difficult airway of Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology, especially at a time of unprecedented world-wide interprofessional collaboration in the elaboration of guidelines and strategies to prevent airway complications. Today there are calls for reorganizing care in hospitals by establishing local multidisciplinary airway safety teams responsible for all aspects of advanced airway management, and in particular...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
Congenital midline nasal masses are uncommon, occurring anywhere from 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 40,000 births.[1] They result from anomalies in neural tube closure between the 3rd and 4th week of gestation.[2] Pediatric nasal midline masses of ectodermal origin include nasal dermoids (ND) and nasal dermoid sinus cysts (NDSC). NDSCs are characterized by intracranial extension whereas NDs are limited to the nasal dorsum, medial canthus, or glabella.[3] NDs are the most common congenital midline nasal mass...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
The approach to a difficult airway in patients presenting with recurrent head and neck tumors in the setting of previous surgery or radiation poses challenges to both anesthesiologists and otolaryngologists. Multidisciplinary planning with close communication is required for effective and safe care. It is critical to understand how each patient's prior surgery and radiation distorts the baseline airway anatomy and what complications may arise when deciding on the primary airway management and back-up...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
Carcinomas of the larynx are common and require multidisciplinary perioperative management with particularly excellent communication between the surgeon and anaesthesiologist. Early preoperative assessment allows for optimisation, prehabilitation and advanced imaging in cases who present without respiratory compromise. On arrival for surgery, thorough airway examination including preoperative endoscopic airway assessment under topical anaesthesia and airway ultrasound will inform planning for airway...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
Abstract Limb perfusion monitoring is critical for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients as they are vulnerable to vascular complications due to prolonged hyperglycemia. However, current clinical approaches are ineffective in vascular imaging and in assessing vascular function in lower limbs. In this work, a concave ultrasound transducer array‐based photoacoustic tomography (PAT) system was used to image the foot dorsal section of a subject, and a total of 7 DM patients and 7 healthy volunteers were...
Sun May 03, 2020 16:43
Abstract Convulsive status epilepticus is the most common neurological emergency in children. Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) reverses elevated rodent neurotransmitters after status epilepticus (SE) yet whether tPBM can attenuate seizure behaviors remains unknown. Here, we applied near‐infrared laser at wavelength 808 nm transcranially to peripubertal Sprague–Dawley rats prior to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection. Hematoxylin–eosin, immunofluorescence (IF) staining with anti‐parvalbumin...
Sun May 03, 2020 16:39
Voice signal classification in three types according to their degree of periodicity, a task known as signal typing, is a relevant preprocessing step before computing any perturbation measures. However, it is a time consuming and subjective activity. This has given rise to interest in automatic systems that use objective measures to distinguish among the different signal types. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, to propose a pattern recognition approach for automatic voice signal typing...
Sun May 03, 2020 03:00
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