Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 19, Issue , January-December 2020. Purpose:Pathological angiogenesis and apoptosis evasions are common hallmarks of cancer. A different approach to the antitumor effect of parasitic diseases caused by certain protozoans and helminthes had been adopted in recent years as they can affect many cancer characteristics. The present work is an attempt to assess the effect of gamma radiation-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii ME49 as an antiapoptotic and angiogenic...
Mon Jun 22, 2020 13:31
Whilst most organisms try to stop their DNA from mutating, scientists from the UK and China have discovered that a common fungus found on bread actively mutates its own DNA as a way of fighting virus-like infections.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 20:30
A group of researchers used novel and powerful methods to disentangle the patterns of parallel evolution of freshwater three-spined sticklebacks at different geographic scales across their distribution range. The group concludes that the conditions under which striking genome-wide patterns of genetic parallelism can occur may in fact be far from common - perhaps even exceptional.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 20:29
A re-examination of a 300-million-year-old fish, Tanyrhinichthys mcallisteri, revealed that its lifestyle more closely resembled that of the bottom-dwelling sturgeon, rather than the stealthy pike, as was previously believed.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 20:30
A new study offers insights into the powerful anticoagulants contained in the saliva of leeches most often used in medical practice.
Thu Jun 18, 2020 14:35
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare and refractory form of oral mucosal leukoplakia of unknown origin, characterized by high rates of malignant transformation. Different diagnostic criteria, terminologies, and therapeutic approaches have been proposed since the first report in 1985. There remains no general agreement regarding the clinical and histological diagnosis, prevention, and correct management of this disease. This retrospective study investigated 48 patients affected by PVL...
Mon Jun 22, 2020 03:00
The aim of this study was to summarize the clinical outcomes of patients with stage 3 mandibular medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) treated using reconstruction plate fixation and ipsilateral submandibular gland translocation after mandibulectomy. The medical records of patients with stage 3 mandibular MRONJ treated using the above surgical method between September 2014 and July 2019 were reviewed. Of a total of 27 patients included in this study, 23 (85.2%) experienced primary wound...
Mon Jun 22, 2020 03:00
Alloplastic malar onlays have been used by surgeons to correct or enhance the midfacial skeleton for over 40 years. Case series have shown respectable results using different alloplastic materials in various maxillofacial subsites. However, these articles include small numbers of patients with limited follow up. We present a literature review specifically concentrating on porous polyethylene (Medpor, Stryker) and polyethyl ether ketone (PEEK) malar onlays. We illustrate the technique used by a single...
Mon Jun 22, 2020 03:00
Because of the poor prognosis and of oral mucosal melanoma, and patients’ short survival, large, randomised, clinical studies are difficult. We have investigated its demographic characteristics and analysed the effect of treatment, resection margins, and metastases on survival. We recorded age, sex, site of primary tumour, and types of treatment, survival, and metastases in 74 patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Survival...
Mon Jun 22, 2020 03:00
Key Points A functional cGAS–STING pathway exists in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Activation of cGAS–STING in pDCs inhibits TLR9-mediated IFN production.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
The mouse (Mus musculus) is the dominant organism used to investigate the mechanisms behind complex immunological responses because of their genetic similarity to humans and our ability to manipulate those genetics to understand downstream function. Indeed, our knowledge of immune system development, response to infection, and ways to therapeutically manipulate the immune response to combat disease were, in large part, delineated in the mouse. Despite the power of mouse-based immunology research,...
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points Pkm2 is overexpressed in M of arthritic rats. Pkm2 promotes M activation via Stat1 signaling. Pkm2 intervention could alleviate the severity of experimental arthritis in rats.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created an unprecedented global crisis for the infrastructure sectors, including economic, political, healthcare, education, and research systems. Although over 90% of infected individuals are asymptomatic or manifest noncritical symptoms and will recover from the infection, those individuals presenting with critical symptoms are in urgent need of effective treatment...
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points Xenogeneic transfer of human graft tissue does not lead to inevitable GVHD. The degree of GVHD response varies among clinical transplantation tissues. Peripheral blood T cell responses can predict GVHD development.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points Type I IFN potently upregulates Rsad2 mRNA in NK cells. Rsad2 is epigenetically and transcriptionally regulated by STAT1. Rsad2 contributes to NK cell clonal expansion and memory formation during infection.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points TRIM14 interacts with TBK1 to promote STAT3 activation and limit IFNAR signaling. Loss of TRIM14 in macrophages leads to hyperinduction of Ifnb and related ISGs. Trim14–/– macrophages restrict M. tuberculosis growth by hyperinducing iNOS.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points TSLP signal is crucial in chronic late phase of skin inflammation. TSLPR on CD4 T cells is crucial in the later phase of inflammation. TSLP signaling in CD4 T cells inhibits cell death and induces IL-4 production.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points CK improves renal function and pathology in IgAN mouse models. CK inhibits activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in IgAN mouse models. CK inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome by enhancing the SIRT1/autophagy axis.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points Both the frequencies and function of ILC2s are enhanced in ESRD patients. Plasma from ESRD patients could drive the expansion of ILC2s in vitro. ILC2s are negatively correlated with the incidence of infections in ESRD patients.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points C6–/– mice develop less severe polymicrobial sepsis with lower mortality than Wt. C6–/– mice phagocytes have defective innate immune responses and NLRP3 activation. Septic cardiomyopathy and acute lung injury is less severe in C6–/– versus Wt mice.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points T cell subsets are associated with metabolic parameters, including insulin resistance. SAT of obese females displays a diverse TCR repertoire. SAT inflammation persists despite calorie restriction–induced weight loss.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points MHC class II specificity was assessed by high-density peptide arrays. A novel method is proposed to expand and update MHC class II prediction algorithms.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points CB-LDG represent a functionally impaired subgroup of S100A12low neutrophils. Staining for CD66b, CD16, and CD64 allows identification of CB-LDG in whole blood. CB-LDG do not have suppressive effects on CD4+ T cell proliferation.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points Maternal myeloid cells are recruited to the placenta during ZIKV infection. Maternal but not fetal myeloid cells inhibit vertical transmission of ZIKV. Myeloid cells do not contribute to maintenance of the placental barrier.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points IgG opsonization enhances uptake, processing, and presentation of MR1-restricted Ag. This supports greater sensitivity, kinetics, and magnitude of MAIT cell responses. MAIT cells can function as innate-like effectors of humoral antibacterial immunity.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points DDX39A impairs IFN-β production by preferentially binding to antiviral transcripts. SUMO1 modification of DDX39A alters binding of antiviral transcripts. RanBP2 mediates SUMO1 modification of DDX39A.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points PI3K is required for the maintenance of normal Treg cell development and function. PI3Kα contributes to maintaining Treg cell function in context of neuroinflammation. Loss of PI3Kα and PI3K in Treg cells leads to spontaneous peripheral neuropathy.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points Optimal burn-generated microvesicle particles depend upon PAF receptor signaling. Burn-generated microvesicles contain PAF lipids but not protein cytokines.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points Single-cell culture approach revealed B cell tolerance checkpoints in normal mice. Self-reactivity is elevated in T3 and CD93+ and CD93– anergic B cells in spleen. Both the lifespan and the signaling capacity of BCR vary among self-reactive B cells.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points GM-CSF–dependent CCL17 is expressed predominantly in macrophage lineage populations. CCL17 acts on CCR4+ non–bone marrow–derived cells for arthritic pain development. GM-CSF->CCL17 pathway–dependent pain requires NGF, CGRP, and substance P.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points Regulatory M inhibit inflammation and induce tissue repair and angiogenesis. Immune complexes inhibit GSK3 to induce regulatory transcripts. Pathogens can exploit growth-promoting macrophages for intracellular growth.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points IRF11 is a positive regulator of fish IFN antiviral response. IRF11 constitutively locates to nucleus and binds to fish IFN promoter. IRF11 has a tripartite NLS with DNA-binding and nuclear import abilities.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points Caspase-9 promotes apoptosis in GC B cells. Caspase-9 inhibits necroptosis in GC B cells.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points Cell culture model of ISG15 deficiency replicates findings in ISG15–/– patient cells. Cause of resistance in ISG15–/– cells differs depending on duration of IFN treatment. ISG15–/– patients without serious viral disease do not prove ISGylation is unimportant.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points Merocytic dendritic cells (mcDCs) express ZBTB46 and originate from pre-cDCs. mcDCs are dependent on IRF-4 and express a unique gene signature. mcDCs exhibit a different metabolic phenotype relative to other DC subsets.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points P. gingivalis inhibited macrophage attack on OSCC cells. P. gingivalis promoted the polarization of macrophages into M2 TAMs. P. gingivalis upregulated the expression of protumor molecules.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
Key Points This study characterizes unconventional coreceptor negative αβ T cells, known as DN T cells. CD4–CD8–TCRαβ+CD5low thymocytes are immediate precursors to peripheral DN T cells. DN T cell thymic differentiation can proceed in MHC-deficient mice.
Mon Jun 22, 2020 23:00
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