1
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):339-345.
[Gingival Thickness Assessment of Gingival Recession Teeth]
[Article in Chinese]
Z Y Chen 1, J S Zhong 2, X Y Ouyang 2, S Y Zhou 2, Y Xie 2, X Z Lou 2
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PMID: 32306020Free article

Abstract


Objective: To evaluate the gingival thickness and gingival biotype of gingival recession teeth of Chinese population.

Methods: A total of 112 non-molar teeth with gingival recession in 34 patients were included. Direct measurement, cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) measurement and periodontal probe method were used to evaluate gingival thickness and biotype. Gingival thickness was measured at 2 mm apical to the gingival margin. Direct measurement was performed with a caliper of 0.01 mm resolution and anesthesia needles attached to silicone disk stops. Gingival biotype was assessed by sulcus probing, if the periodontal probe was visible through the gingival tissue, the gingival biotype was thin; If not visible, the gingival biotype was thick. The differences of gingival thickness among different gingival biotype, tooth site and gingival recession type were analyzed respectively. Besides, the results of CBCT measurement was analyzed compared with the direct measurement.

Results: The average gingival thickness of non-molar recession teeth was (1.17±0.41) mm. The average gingival thickness of thick and thin biotype group were (1.38±0.4) mm and (0.97±0.30) mm, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The median of gingival thickness was 1.1 mm. Using 1.1 mm as the cut-off value of thick and thin gingival thickness group, the results matched well with the gingival biotype classification results by periodontal probe method (P=1.000). The average gingival thickness of maxillary teeth was significantly thicker than that of the mandibular teeth. They were (1.39±3.44) mm and (1.01±0.31) mm, respectively (P<0.001). The mean gingival thickness of MillerI, II and III degree gingival recession teeth were (1.15±0.34) mm, (0.83±0.17) mm and (1.26±0.56) mm, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P=0.205). The gingival thickness measurement results between CBCT method and direct measurement were without statistically significant difference (P=0.206).

Conclusion: In the non-molar gingival recession teeth, the cut-off value of gingival thickness to classify thick and thin biotype of Chinese population was 1.1 mm. The average gingival thickness of the maxillary teeth was significantly thicker than that of the mandibular teeth. Besides, CBCT measurement was an accuracy method for evaluating facial gingival thickness.
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2
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):302-307.
[Analysis of Special Ehealth Service for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia]
[Article in Chinese]
W Feng 1, L N Zhang 1, J Y Li 1, T Wei 1, T T Peng 1, D X Zhang 1, Z X Guo 1, W S Wang 1
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PMID: 32306015Free article

Abstract


Objective: To analyze how governments, hospitals and information technology(IT) companies use Internet technology to provide online health services during the early stage of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in January 2020 in China, and then provide suggestions and coping strategies for the later stage and post-epidemic time.

Methods: We searched for information on ehealth services related to the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. The sources of information were mainstream search engines such as Baidu and the popular interactive social platforms such as Webchat. The keywords were "Internet+pneumonia", "Internet clinic", "pneumonia online clinic" and so on. The time of information was from January 20 to February 3, 2020. The key information was extracted and encoded by two persons back-to-back. The coding information included: name of organization provider, launching time, location of provider, service items, user, health workers engaging in the service, and so on. The coded information was entered and analyzed with SPSS 24.0 and Excel.

Results: There were totally 57 projects launched by local governments, hospitals and IT companies. Most of them were launched from January 24th to 27th, the hospital and government projects services regionally, especially in eastern provinces. In this study, 90.48% of the enterprises and 100.00% of the hospitals had online fever clinic and consultation services for COVID-19, 66.67% of the enterprises and 37.04% of the hospitals serviced derivative health problems. Only a few projects provided tele-medical consultation. There were individual projects that provided online health management for home quarantine people. Physicians were the main force of various projects. In some hospital projects, there were also nurses, pharmacists and professional technicians to provide featured consultation.

Conclusion: Ehealth is useful and helpful for the health care system to rapidly cope with health demand during instantaneous and post epidemic time. Regional distribution of ehealth is unbalanced. There are institutional and technical feasibilities for the emergency application of Internet technology. However, community health centers seldom provide ehealth or connect with tertiary hospitals with Internet. Therefore, all kinds of providers within healthcare system should promote emergence ehealth. Tele-medical diagnosis and referral should be developed by local governments during COVID-19. The application of "Internet+medical treatment" in community medical institutions and synergy among various institutions should be promoted.
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3
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):275-280.
[Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Intraspinal Abscess]
[Article in Chinese]
C C Ma 1, Z Y Wang 1, G Z Lin 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32306010Free article

Abstract


Objective: To summarize the feature and treatment of the primary intraspinal abscess in order to improve the prognosis.

Methods: In the study, 13 cases of primary intraspinal abscess of the recent 20 years were retrospectively analyzed. The history, etiology, pathogen, surgical methods and prognosis were summarized.

Results: The course of the illness ranged from 7 days to 6 months. All the cases began with pain. Of the 13 patients, 10 had limb weakness. Five had a fever and 8 had increased white blood cells. As for distribution, 1 was in cervical vertebra, 1 in cervicothoracic junction, 1 in thoracic vertebra, 4 in thoracolumbar junction, and 6 in lumbosacral segment. The results of bacterial culture were positive in 4 cases, 3 cases were diagnosed as tuberculosis by pathological examination, and 1 case was recognized as infection of Brucella melitensis bacteria because of prior brucellosis. The pathogen of the remaining cases were unclear. All the cases received surgical treatment and pathology examination. The surgical aim was mainly removal of the lesion, decompression and drainage. Postoperatively anti-infection and glucocorticoid therapy were performed according to the pathogeny results and clinical experience. Incision abscesses were seen in 2 cases and reoperations including debridement and repair with transferred muscle flap were performed. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3 years (mean 1.8 years). One case suffered postoperative recurrence and the abscess spread along the vertebral canal. Reoperation was performed. Infections of all the cases were recovered completely and the nervous system signs were all improved in different degrees.

Conclusion: The onset of primary intraspinal abscess is relatively urgent, mainly with pain. The lumbar and sacral vertebra is the predilection site. The bacterial culture is mostly negative. Early operation and use of sufficient amount of broad-spectrum antibiotic are recommended. If the incision abscess forms after the operation, it is advisable to transfer the muscle flap to repair the coloboma on the basis of debridement. In order to relieve edema of spinal cord and nerve root, the glucocorticoid can be used in the escort of antibiotics.
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4
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):240-246.
[Clinical Evaluation of Tumor-Stroma Ratio in Pseudomyxoma Peritonei From the Appendix]
[Article in Chinese]
R Ma 1, X B Li 1, F C Yan 2, Y L Lin 1, Y Li 1 2
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PMID: 32306005Free article

Abstract


Objective: To evaluate the effect of tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) on disease progression and prognosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) from the appendix.

Methods: The study included 30 PMP patients with complete individual patient data, who underwent cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in Beijing Shijitan Hospital. Image-Pro Plus was used to quantitatively analyze the proportion of tumor and stromal areas in hematoxylin-eosin staining pathological images, from which TSR was derived. Correlation studies were conducted to evaluate the relationships between TSR and clinicopathological features, immunohistochemical characteristics, and prognosis of PMP.

Results: Among 30 PMP patients, there were 16 males (53.3%) and 14 females (46.7%), with the mean age of (54.9±2.3) years. There were 15 cases (50.0%) of low-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei (LMCP) and high-grade mucinous carcinoma peritonei (HMCP), respectively, with vascular tumor emboli occurring in 4 cases (13.3%), nerve invasion occurring in 3 cases (10.0%), and lymphatic metastasis occurring in 4 cases (13.3%). The median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) score was 36 (range: 3-39). The median TSR was 8% (range: 2%-24%), with TSR≤10% in 19 cases (63.3%) and TSR>10% in 11 cases (36.7%). Immunohistochemistry showed that 16 cases (53.3%) had Ki67 label index ≤ 50% and 14 cases (46.7%) > 50%. The mutation rate of p53 was 56.7% and the loss rate of MMR protein was 11.8%. In addition, the expression rates of MUC2, MUC5AC, CDX2, CK7, and CK20 were 66.7%, 100.0%, 82.6%, 56.0%, and 92.3%, respectively. There were significant correlations between TSR and histopathological types, nerve invasion, Ki67 label index, and p53 mutation (P<0.05 for all). At the end of the last follow-up, 21 patients (70.0%) died and 9 patients (30.0%) survived, including 6 patients survived with tumor. The median overall survival (OS) was 12.7 months (95%CI: 10.4-11.5 months), and the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 60.5%, 32.3%, and 27.7%, respectively. The median OS was 19.4 months (95%CI: 3.0-35.9 months) in the TSR≤10% group, versus 12.6 months (95%CI: 0.7-24.5 months) in the TSR>10% group (χ2=3.996, P=0.046).

Conclusion: TSR is correlated with histopathological types, tumor proliferation, invasion behaviors and prognosis of PMP, thus could be a new prognostic indicator for PMP.
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5
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):323-331.
[Wareness and Knowledge of Oral Cancer Among 1 483 Residents in Beijing]
[Article in Chinese]
X H Zhou 1, Y Huang 1, C Yuan 2, S G Zheng 2, J Zhang 1, J G Zhang 1
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PMID: 32306018Free article

Abstract


Objective: To investigate the oral cancer awareness, its related knowledge among residents in Beijing.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among Beijing residents (non-medical related personnel) on the knowledge of oral cancer and its prevention and treatment.

Results: A total of 1 483 questionnaires were completed, including 663 males (44.6%) and 820 females (55.3%), ranging from 15 to 91 years. Lung cancer was the most mentioned as heard of (94.3%), followed by liver cancer (92.5%) and gastric cancer (92.4%), while oral cancer was the least heard of (47.7%). Family account (P=0.015), residence (P=0.028), income (P=0.024), frequency of brushing teeth (P<0.001), frequency of mouth self-examination (P<0.001) and chew betel nut chewing (P=0.015) were significantly associated with oral cancer awareness. Most respondents learned about oral cancer from TV programs (24.3%), phone news (22.0%), WeChat (11.3%) and chatting with friends or people around (14.6%). Only 34.9% knew that smoking was a risk factor of oral cancer, and this knowledge was associated with age (P=0.011), education level (P=0.007), frequency of brushing teeth (P<0.001), and frequency of mouth self-examination (P=0.002). Only 23.5% knew that drinking was a risk factor of oral cancer, and this knowledge was associated with education level (P=0.002), residence (P=0.022), frequency of brushing teeth (P=0.009), and frequency of mouth self-examination (P=0.005). Only 35.1% knew that betel nut chewing was a risk factor for oral cancer, and this knowledge was associated with age (P=0.040), education level (P=0.002), family account (P=0.002), income (P=0.005), frequency of brushing teeth (P=0.001), frequency of mouth self-examination (P<0.001), and betel nut chewing (P=0.002). Only 35.7%, 21.6% and 16.9%, respectively, knew that long-term unhealed ulcers, white plaques and red plaques in the mouth were the early signs of oral cancer.

Conclusion: This survey demonstrates a general lack of public awareness and knowledge about signs and symptoms of oral cancer, and its risk factors and treatment. Some residents have not formed good oral hygiene habits. Specific measures should be taken to improve the public awareness of oral cancer and related knowledge about prevention and treatment, such as the use of various new media for the public to promote their oral health knowledge, in order to reduce the incidence of oral cancer, improve early attendance rates and the patients' survival rates.
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6
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Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):390-394.
[Independent Innovation Research of Functionally Suitable Denture Digital System]
[Article in Chinese]
Y C Sun 1, Y Wang 1, K H Deng 1, H Chen 1, W W Li 1, Y J Zhao 1, S X Pan 2, H Q Ye 2, Y S Zhou 2
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PMID: 32306028Free article

Abstract


Fabrication of conventional complete dentures involves a complex restoration method, requiring significant time and typically involving primary impressions, definitive impressions, jaw relation records, clinic try-in, and complete denture placement, which has been used for nearly a century without change. A novel digital system named Functionally Suitable Denture (FSD) was researched and developed so as to reduce clinical steps, operation difficulties and errors of complete denture restoration. It pioneered a unique diagnostic complete denture aided by computer aided design (CAD) & 3D printing, by which, the functional impression, jaw relation, and try-in (3 steps) were simplified to 1 step, thus the number of visits to the dentist was reduced by 2 times. Moreover, for the first time, it put forward a CAD software of template matching based on the expert design, which was an efficient and intelligent design scheme, and the excellent denture experts' experience and skills could be inherited and iterated. The system included the 3D scanner with appropriate accuracy and high efficiency, the CAD software, the special 3D printer and process software, and the innovative clinical operation process. The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent international search report showed that all the 15 claims of the technology were of novelty, creativity and industrial utility. All the digital products were independently developed and made by Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China. The design and manufacture process of denture prosthesis was fast, simple and accurate. At the same time, personalized functional and aesthetic matching of the patients after wearing prosthesis was realized. It effectively solved the global problems of "slow, difficult and inaccurate" of the traditional manual technology of complete denture, and brought good news to edentulous patients. Compared with the traditional complete denture treatment, FSD system has a wide range of applications for different types of edentulous patients, including those with severe resorption of the alveolar ridge or a high occlusal force. Furthermore, the low-cost of 3D printers, compared with expensive milling machines, may make the approach more accessible. This review describes that our research is related to the development of the FSD system, including multi-source data acquisition technology, three generations of complete denture design software, 3D printing systems of individual tray and complete denture pattern, the clinical and laboratory operation process of the FSD system.
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7
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):254-260.
[Efficacy and Safety of Oral Pyrotinib in HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Real-World Practice]
[Article in Chinese]
G H Song 1, H P Li 1, L J DI 1, Y Yan 1, H F Jiang 1, L Xu 2, D G Wan 3, Y Li 4, M P Wang 5, Y Xiao 5, R Y Zhang 1, R Ran 1, H Wang 1
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PMID: 32306007Free article

Abstract


Objective: Pyrotinib, a novel irreversible pan-ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, showed promising antitumor activity and acceptable tolerability in phase II and phase III randomized clinical trials. We assessed the activity and safety of oral pyrotinib for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive metastatic breast cancer patients in the real world.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 72 HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients who received oral pyrotinib based regimens at Beijing Cancer Hospital and other four hospitals (Peking University First Hospital, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Peking University Third Hospital) from August 2018 to September 2019. Progression free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), adverse events (AE) of pyrotinib were investigated.

Results: Seventy-two patients with HER2 positive MBC were enrolled. The median age of the patients was 55 years (range: 32-79 years). Sixty-nine (95.8%) patients had received anti-HER2 treatment in the metastatic and/or (neo) adjuvant settings; 61 (84.7%) patients had received anti-HER2 treatments in the metastatic setting in terms of trastuzumab 56 (77.8%) patients, lapatinib 36 (50.0%) patients, and T-DM1 4 (5.6%) patients. Among these 72 patients who received oral pyrotinib based regimens, 62 (86.1%) patients received pyrotinib (±trastuzumab) in combination with chemotherapy, 6 (8.3%) patients received pyrotinib (± trastuzumab) in combination with endocrine therapy and 4 (5.6%) patients received pyrotinib (±trastuzumab). Sixty-five (90.3%) patients received 400 mg pyrotinib once daily as initial dose, and 7 (9.7%) patients received 320 mg. OBJECTIVE response and safety to pyrotinib based therapy were evaluable in all the 72 patients. One (1.4%) patient achieved complete response (CR), 18 (25.0%) patients achieved partial response (PR), 41 (56.9%) patients had stable disease (SD), and 12 (16.7%) patients had progressive disease (PD). The ORR (CR+PR) was 26.4% and the median PFS was 7.6 months (95%CI: 5.5-9.7 months). Among the 36 patients with prior lapatinib therapy, the median PFS was 7.9 months (95%CI: 4.1-11.7 months). Among the 15 patients with brain metastasis, the median PFS was 6.0 months (95%CI: 2.2-9.8 months). The main toxicities related to pyrotinib were diarrhea in 57 (79.2%) cases, and 48 (66.7%) cases with grade 1-2 as well as 9 (12.5%) cases with grade 3.

Conclusion: Pyrotinib based therapy is an effective treatment for patients with HER2 positive MBC, including patients with lapatinib treatment failure and brain metastasis, and the toxicities can be tolerated.
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8
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):308-316.
[Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Number of Outpatients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Their Interaction Effect in Lanzhou, China]
[Article in Chinese]
H R Bao 1, X J Liu 1, E L Tan 1, J Shu 1, J Y Dong 2, S Li 3
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PMID: 32306016Free article

Abstract


Objective: To understand the relationships of daily average temperature and relative humidity with outpatient visit frequency of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and whether temperature and relative humidity have a lag effect.

Methods: The effects of daily average temperature, relative humidity, and their interaction in Lanzhou between January 2013 and December 2017 on the outpatient visit frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients were analyzed using Poisson generalized linear regression model combined with distributed lag non-linear model.

Results: There was a non-linear relationship between the daily average temperature and the outpatient visit frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Between -12 °C and -8 °C, the outpatient visit frequency increased gradually with the decrease of the daily average temperature, and the outpatient visit frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients increased by 11.60% per 1 °C of temperature drop. The daily average relative humidity also presented a non-linear effect on the outpatient visit frequency chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. When the daily average relative humidity was in the range of 15%-28%, the outpatient visit frequency increased gradually with the decrease of relative humidity, and the outpatient visit frequency of COPD patients increased by 37.05% for every 1% decrease of relative humidity. A synergistic effect was found between air temperature and relative humidity on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, that is, under different relative humidity, the effect of air temperature was different. When the daily average relative humidity ≤ 50% and the daily average temperature≤11 °C, the effect of air temperature was the most obvious. For every 1 °C drop in temperature, the daily out-patient visit frequency of the whole population increased by 12.68% (5.62% in males and 7.56% in females; 5.24% in population < 65 years and 14.74% in population ≥ 65 years). When the daily average relative humidity > 50% and the daily average temperature ≤ 11 °C, the daily outpatient visit frequency of the whole population increased by 9.00% for every 1 °C drop in temperature (< 65 years, 7.11%; ≥65 years, 10.93%). When the daily average temperature > 11 °C, the temperature had no effect on the daily outpatient visit frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients under different relative humidity.

Conclusion: The presence of a certain extent of interaction is observed between daily average temperature and relative humidity. Low-temperature and dry environment (relative humidity ≤50%, temperature ≤11 °C) as well as low-temperature and high-humidity environment (relative humidity > 50%, temperature ≤11 °C) can both increase the risk of outpatient visit in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
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9
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):285-289.
[Analysis of Anxiety, Depression and Related Factors in Patients With Chronic Lumbocrural Pain Before Minimally Invasive Surgery]
[Article in Chinese]
D Yi 1, W Zhu 1, X L Meng 1, X G Liu 1, S Q Li 1, B Zhu 1, D L Jia 1
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PMID: 32306012Free article

Abstract


Objective: To investigate anxiety and/or depression status of patients with chronic lumbocrural pain, and to further analyze related risk factors of anxiety and/or depression .

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical data of patients who suffered from chronic lumbocrural pain caused by lumbar disc herniation and/or lumbar spinal stenosis and received minimally invasive surgery from March 2018 to April 2018. General data (including age, gender, education levels, past history, sleep order and medical insurance), numeric rating scale(NRS), Japanese Orthopedic Association(JOA) back pain scale and hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS) were collected for analysis. The basic demographic data and clinic data were analyzed, possible related risk factors associated were analyzed by univariate analysis, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was further used to find the relative independent risk factors and included all the predictive variables with P values less than 0.05 as covariates.

Results: A total of 91 patients met the inclusion criteria and finished this study, the mean HADS score for anxiety was 8.1±4.2, 48(52.7%) respondents were screened positive for anxiety, while the rest 43(47.3%) patients had negative anxiety state, the mean HDDS score for depression was 6.9±4.9, 38(41.8%) respondents were screened positive for depression, and the rest 53(58.2%) patients were not depressed, and 56(61.5%) patients experienced anxiety or depression. There were significant difference in sleep disorder, JOA score and leg NRS score between the patients with and without anxiety(P<0.05), and the significant differences were also found in age, sleep disorder and JOA score between the patients with and without depression(P<0.05), Logistic regression analysis further showed that the JOA score and sleep disorder were risk factors for anxiety, and the JOA score was risk factor for depression.

Conclusion: Patients with chronic lumbocrural pain are often accompanied by anxiety and/or depression before minimally surgery, the low JOA score and sleep disturbance increased the risk of presenting anxiety, and the low JOA score increased the risk of developing depression. It is necessary to evaluate mental status and related risk factors before surgery.
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10
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):564-569. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.025.
[Biodegradation Properties of Multi-Laminated Small Intestinal Submucosa]
[Article in Chinese]
W Y Wu 1, B W Li 1, Y H Liu 1, X Z Wang 1
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PMID: 32541993
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.025Free article

Abstract


Objective: To study the biodegradation properties of multi-laminated small intestinal submucosa (mSIS) through in vitro and in vivo experiments, comparing with Bio-Gide, the most widely used collagen membrane in guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique, for the purpose of providing basis to investigate whether mSIS meets the requirements of GBR in dental clinics.

Methods: The degradation properties were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro degradation was performed using prepared collagenase solution. Morphology of mSIS and Bio-Gide in degradation solution were observed and the degradation rate was calculated at different time points. In in vivo experiments, nine New Zealand rabbits were used for subcutaneous implantation and were divided into three groups according to observation intervals. Six unconnected subcutaneous pouches were made on the back of each animal and were embedded with mSIS and Bio-Gide respectively. At the end of weeks 4, 8, and 12 after operation, gross observation and HE staining were used to evaluate the degree of degradation and histocompatibility.

Results: In vitro degradation experiments showed that mSIS membrane was completely degraded at the end of 12 days, while Bio-Gide was degraded at the end of 7 days. Besides, mSIS maintained its shape for longer time in the degradation solution than Bio-Gide, indicating that mSIS possessed longer degradation time, and had better ability to maintain space than Bio-Gide. In vivo biodegradation indicated that after 4 weeks of implantation, mSIS remained intact. Microscopic observation showed that collagen fibers were continuous with a few inflammatory cells that infiltrated around the membrane. Bio-Gide was basically intact and partially adhered with the surrounding tissues. HE staining showed that collagen fibers were partly fused with surrounding tissues with a small amount of inflammatory cells that infiltrated as well. Eight weeks after operation, mSIS was still intact, and was partly integrated with connective tissues, whereas Bio-Gide membrane was mostly broken and only a few residual fibers could be found under microscope. Only a small amount of mSIS debris could be observed 12 weeks after surgery, and Bio-Gide could hardly be found by naked eye and microscopic observation at the same time.

Conclusion: In vitro degradation time of mSIS is longer than that of Bio-Gide, and the space-maintenance ability of mSIS is better. The in vivo biodegradation time of subcutaneous implantation of mSIS is about 12 weeks and Bio-Gide is about 8 weeks, both of which possess good biocompatibility.

Keywords: Biocompatible materials; Guided bone regeneration; Small intestinal submucosa.
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11
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):368-372.
[A Novel Tray for Recording Maxillomandibular Relationship of Edentulous Patients Based on Dimensional Surveying of Complete Dentures]
[Article in Chinese]
Y Liu 1, J R Hu 1, Y J Zhao 1, Y Wang 1, Y C Sun 1, S X Pan 1, H L Feng 1
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PMID: 32306024Free article

Abstract


Objective: To measure the dimensional data of complete dentures and to design a novel tray for recording maxillomandibular relationship of edentulous patients.

Methods: For the measurement, 100 pairs of complete dentures from the clinic were surveyed for the following parameters: a1, the distance between the middle fossa of the upper left and right first molars; a2, the anterior-posterior distance between the middle fossa of the upper first molars and the incisal edge; a3, the width of the upper denture; a4, the anterior-posterior length of the upper denture; a51, the height from the mesio-lingual cusp of the right upper first molar to the saddle surface; a52, the height from the central fossa of the right lower first molar to the saddle surface; a6, the height from the notch of the upper lip frenulum to the upper central incisor edge; a7, the least thickness of the labial saddle base in the upper central incisor region. Based on the data, the trays with different sizes were designed and fabricated, and the key parameters were: b1, the distance between the foramina of screw posts, b2, the anterior-posterior distance between the foramina of the screw posts and the incisal edge; b3, the width of the tray; b4, the anterior-posterior length of the tray; b51, the height of the posterior platform with the screw nut; b52, the height of the screw post; b6, the height of the anterior tray handle; b7, the thickness of the anterior tray handle.

Results: The minimum, average and maximum data for each parameter were (in millimeter): a1: 37.1, 44.5, and 59.6; a2: 22.6, 29.0, and 38.1; a3: 48.5, 58.2, and 76.6; a4: 37.4, 50.8, and 61.0; a51: 5.6, 9.5, and 14.7; a52: 3.8, 9.9, and 18.8; a6: 8.9, 16.6, and 24.7; a7: 1.2, 2.8, and 5.9. Based on the data, the trays in small, medium and large sizes were designed and fabricated. In clinical application, the putty silicone rubber impression material was used to reline the tray, meanwhile the posterior platform and anterior tray handle were set as the occlusal plane, then the screw posts were added and adjusted till the proper vertical dimension, after that, the putty silicone rubber impression material was added around the screw posts to record the horizontal maxillomandibular relationship, finally, the anterior surface of the tray handle was used to record the midline of the face and lower edge of the upper lip at rest and with smile.

Conclusion: The dimensional data offered reference for the analysis of restoration space in edentulous patients. The tray designed and fabricated in this study may serve as a new tool for recording the maxillomandibular relationship.
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12
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):247-253.
[Effect of Fei-Liu-Ping Ointment Combined With Cyclophosphamide on Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation and Acidic Microenvironment]
[Article in Chinese]
L Geng 1, J Lv 2, J Fan 3
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PMID: 32306006Free article

Abstract


Objective: To observe the effects of Fei-Liu-Ping ointment and chemotherapy on mice with lung cancer, and to explore the inherent mechanism of action from the point of acidic microenvironment and apoptosis.

Methods: First of all, the Lewis lung cancer transplanted mouse model was established. Therefore, they were treated by Fei-Liu-Ping ointment, cyclophosphamide, Fei-Liu-Ping ointment + cyclophosphamide and the saline as control. All the groups' tumor size, tumor growth rate and food consumption were recorded. The mice were sacrificed and the tumors were took out after 15 days' interventions. Then lactate relative concentrations were detected with lactate kits and the protein expressions of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), hexokinase 1 (HK1), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX) were detected through immunohistochemical staining. Flow cytometry was adopted to detect the percentage of apoptotic tumor cells and regulatory T cells (Treg), and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, interleukin-2 (IL-2) were tested through western blot.

Results: The strongest inhibition effect and the lowest tumor growth rate was found in Fei-Liu-Ping ointment + cyclophosphamide group. There were significant differences between Fei-Liu-Ping ointment + cyclophosphamide group and saline group(P<0.05). And the highest food consumption was found in Fei-Liu-Ping ointment + cyclophosphamide group while there were no significant differences between Fei-Liu-Ping ointment + cyclophosphamide group and saline group (P>0.05). Further molecular biological detections found that the lowest lactate level and regulatory T cells ratio were found in Fei-Liu-Ping ointment + cyclophosphamide group and these expressions of GLUT4, HK1, GRP78, CA-IX were suppressed. There were significant differences between Fei-Liu-Ping ointment+cyclophosphamide group and saline group (P<0.05). In addition, the Fei-Liu-Ping ointment + cyclophosphamide group's cell apoptosis increased significantly compared with saline group and there were significant differences on expressions of HIF-1α, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, IL-2 for this group compared with saline group.

Conclusion: Chemotherapy and Fei-Liu-Ping ointment had the synergistic effect on inhibiting tumor growth and improving the general conditions of tumor-bearing mice. The effect was partly owed to the improvement on tissue hypoxia, the inhibition of HIF-1α expression and the regulations on its downstream proteins, such as GLUT4, HK1, GRP78, and CA-IX. And then all these alterations led to the modulation tumor acidic microenvironment, the induced tumor cells apoptosis and suppression of T cells to regulatory T cells differentiation.
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13
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):207-213.
[Establishment and Gene Expression Analysis of Drug-Resistant Cell Lines in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Induced by Sorafenib]
[Article in Chinese]
B Ma 1, Z H Tian 2, L Qu 1, Y X Liu 1, H Zhang 2, H R Ding 2
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PMID: 32306000Free article

Abstract


Objective: To establish the drug-resistant cell lines of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by sorafenib, and to screen out the high expression genes in drug-resistant cell lines of HCC induced by sorafenib, then to explore the genes related to sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: The human PLC and Huh7 cell lines were obtained, then the PLC and Huh7 drug-resistant cell lines were induced with sorafenib by using intermittent induction in vitro. CCK8 assay was used to detect the IC50 value of sorafenib for evaluation of drug sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in PLC and Huh7. All the up regulated genes in PLC and Huh7 drug-resistant cell lines induced by sorafenib were screened out using high-throughput cDNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), Ualcan database was used to analyze the correlations between the up regulated genes in PLC and Huh7 drug-resistant cell lines induced and four clinical biological characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma, including the gene expressions between normal samples and tumor samples, tumor stage, tumor grade, and patient overall survival, to find the genes that might be involved in the mechanism of sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Results: All the up regulated genes detected by the using high-throughput cDNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in PLC and Huh7 drug-resistant cell lines were further screened out by following conditions:(1) genes co-expressed in PLC and Huh7 drug-resistant cells induced by sorafenib, (2) the fold change was more than 4 times and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), the top 12 up regulated genes in PLC and Huh7 drug-resistant cell lines were found, which were TPSG1, CBX4, CLC, CLEC18C, LGI4, F2RL1, S100A6, HABP2, C15ORF48, ZG16, FOLH1, and EPCAM. Compared with the correlations between the twelve genes and the clinical biological characteristics by Ualcan database, the potentially significant gene CBX4 was screened out.

Conclusion: The human PLC and Huh7 drug-resistant cell lines of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by sorafenib were successfully established. CBX4, the gene related to sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma, was screened out by the high-throughput cDNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and further analysis using Ualcan database, which is providing a powerful basis for further research on the mechanism of sorafenib resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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14
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. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):353-361.
[Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Colorectal Stromal Tumor]
[Article in Chinese]
W P Wang 1, J F Wang 1, J Hu 1, J F Wang 1, J Liu 1, D L Kong 1, J Li 2
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PMID: 32306022Free article

Abstract


Objective: The incidence of colorectal stromal tumor is low among digestive tract tumors, therefore the literatures about clinicopathological features and prognosis of colorectal stromal tumor are few at home and abroad. In this study, we performed survival analyses for colorectal stromal tumor. The nomogram made by prognostic factors provided basis for evaluation of prognosis.

Methods: The clinico-pathological and prognostic data of colorectal stromal tumor between January 1992 and December 2015 were collected from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database. The survival analyses were made by SPSS 24.0 software. The nomogram and calibration curve were made by RMS package in R 3.5.2 software.

Results: In the study, 546 patients with colorectal stromal tumor were included. The median age of onset was 64 years. The regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) rate was 9.4%. The multivariate Cox regression analyses of the 546 cases showed that the older age of onset (>64 years), single or divorce, colon tumor (compared with rectal tumor), non-surgery, high histological grade, LNM and distant metastasis were associated with worse cancer specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS), P < 0.05 for all. The treatment district was independent prognostic factor of OS (P = 0.027). The C-index of independent prognostic factors predicting CSS and OS probability were 0.76 (95%CI: 0.72-0.80) and 0.75 (95%CI: 0.72-0.78), respectively. Multivariate analyses were further carried out in the 174 patients with definite histological grade and tumor location, which revealed that the age of onset, histological grade, surgery or not were independent prognostic factors of CSS and OS (P < 0.05 for all). Tumor location was associated with CSS (P = 0.041) but not OS (P = 0.057) among the 174 cases. Four independent prognostic factors influencing the 174 patients' prognosis were used to make nomogram for predicting survival probability of 546 cases. The C-index of four prognostic factors predicting probability of CSS and OS of the 546 cases were separately 0.71 (95%CI: 0.66-0.75) and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.70-0.77). The nomogram had more accuracy for predicting OS probability of colorectal stromal tumors.

Conclusion: The prognosis of colorectal stromal tumor was affected by multiple clinicopathological factors. The nomogram provided the basis for predicting the survival probability of patients with colorectal stromal tumor.
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15
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):221-226.
[Subcellular Localization of GTPase of Immunity-Associated Protein 2]
[Article in Chinese]
H Q Qin 1 2, Y Zheng 2, M N Wang 2, Z R Zhang 2, Z B Niu 2, L Ma 1, Q Sun 2, H Y Huang 3, X N Wang 1
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PMID: 32306002Free article

Abstract


Objective: To analyze the subcellular localization of GTPase of immunity-associated protein 2 (GIMAP2) for the further functional study.

Methods: In the study, we first obtained the protein sequences of GTPase of immunity-associated protein 2 (GIMAP2) from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, and then performed a prediction analysis of its transmembrane structure, nuclear localization signal (NLS), nuclear export signal (NES) and subcellular localization through bioinformatics online tools. GIMAP2 gene amplified by PCR was inserted into the expression vector pQCXIP-mCherry-N1 and positive clones were selected by ampicillin resistance. After using methods to extract and purify, the sequenced recombinant plasmid pQCXIP-GIMAP2-mCherry, together with the retroviral packaging plasmids VSVG and Gag/pol, was transferred into HEK293FT cells by liposomes for virus packaging. The virus supernatant was collected 48 h after transfection and directly infected the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-436. Immunofluorescence staining was constructed to detect the localization of endogenous and exogenous GIMAP2 in MDA-MB-436 cells. Meanwhile, green fluorescent chemical dyes were used to label mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid droplets in living MDA-MB-436 cells stably expressing the GIMAP2-mCherry fusion protein. Images for the three dye-labeled organelles and GIMAP2-mCherry fusion protein were captured by super-resolution microscope N-SIM.

Results: Bioinformatics analysis data showed that GIMAP2 protein composed of 337 amino acids might contain two transmembrane helix (TM) structures at the carboxyl terminus, of which TMs were estimated to contain 40-41 expected amino acids, followed by the residual protein structures toward the cytoplasmic side. NES was located at the 279-281 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus whereas NLS was not found. GIMAP2 might locate in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Sequencing results indicated that the expression vector pQCXIP-GIMAP2-mCherry was successfully constructed. Fluorescent staining confirmed that GIMAP2-mCherry fusion protein, co-localized well with endogenous GIMAP2, expressed successfully in the endoplasmic reticulum and on the surface of lipid droplets in MDA-MB-436 cells.

Conclusion: GIMAP2 localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum and on the surface of LDs, suggesting potential involvement of GIMAP2 in lipid metabolism.
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16
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):298-301.
[Application of Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) in the Treatment of Severe Trauma]
[Article in Chinese]
Z DU 1, W Huang 1, Z W Wang 1, J Zhou 1, J Xiong 1, M Li 1, P Zhang 1, Z D Liu 1, F X Zhu 1, C L Wang 1, B G Jiang 1, T B Wang 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32306014Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore the effect of multi-disciplinary team (MDT) in general hospitals on severe trauma patients.

Methods: This study reviewed the treatment of patients with severe trauma in trauma center of Peking University People's Hospital from March 2017 to April 2019. The baseline information: the patients' gender, age, injury mechanism, etc.; the start indicators: the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), trauma index (TI), injury severity score (ISS); the start related indicators: time for activation, time for MDT to arrive, time for CT scan, time for damage control surgery; patient treatment and prognosis: ICU (intensive care unit) length of stay, number of cured and discharged patients, number of dead cases, number of patients transferred to rehabilitation hospital, were all analyzed. It discussed the composition of MDT, the initiation scheme, the indicators of initiation of MDT for severe trauma, and analyzed the correlation between the application of MDT and the prognosis of patients.

Results: From March 2017 to April 2019, 112 trauma patients were treated by MDT in Peking University People's Hospital. There were 69 males and 43 females. The minimum age was 15 years, the maximum age was 89 years, most of them were 36-55 years old. The main injury mechanism was traffic accident injury. The GCS, TI, ISS were 13.0±2.9, 13.0±2.8, and 21.5±11.9, respectively. It took 3.7±0.8 minutes to start the call, 6.1±0.9 minutes for MDT personnel to arrive at the emergency rescue area, 23.8±3.0 minutes for fast CT and 92.6±15.4 minutes for injury control operation. All the hospitalized patients were treated effectively. ICU (Intensive care unit) hospitalization time was 12.6±6.7 days. 55 discharged patients were cured, 5 died (1 died of hemorrhagic shock, 4 died of severe brain injury) and 52 transferred to rehabilitation hospital.

Conclusion: The treatment of severe trauma patients by MDT in trauma center of general hospitals can greatly improve the ability and level of treatment of severe trauma patients, make up for the lack of treatment of severe trauma especially multiple trauma patients in large general hospitals, and improve the treatment effect of severe trauma patients. It provides a reference model for large general hospitals to treat patients with severe trauma and multiple trauma and for the construction of trauma centers.
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17
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):317-322.
[Trends of Prevalence of Excellent Health Status and Physical Fitness Among Chinese Han Students Aged 13 to 18 Years From 1985 to 2014]
[Article in Chinese]
Y Song 1, D M Luo 1, P J Hu 1, X J Yan 1, J S Zhang 1, Y T Lei 1, B Zhang 1, J Ma 1
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PMID: 32306017Free article

Abstract


Objective: To analyze the trends of prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years from 1985 to 2014.

Methods: In the study, 738 523 students aged 13 to 18 years were extracted from the 1985 to 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health. Height, weight, vital capacity and indicators of physical fitness were measured for each student. According to National Standards for Students' Physical Health (2014 Revision), students meeting an overall score ≥ 90.0 were considered to be of excellent health status and physical fitness. We used the Chi-square test to compare the differences in prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness among different subgroups and draw maps of regional distribution of prevalence by using ArcGIS.

Results: From 1985 to 2014, the average height, weight, and BMI for Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years increased consistently, while the average vital capacity and indicators of physical fitness fluctuated largely. The overall prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness increased from 2.7% in 1985 to 4.4% in 1995, dropped consistently to 1.1% in 2005, rebounded 0.6 percentage points in 2010, and increased to 2.2% in 2014. In each survey year, the prevalence for the boys was always higher than for the girls (P<0.001), the prevalence for middle school students aged 13 to 15 years was always higher than for high school students aged 16-18 years (P<0.001), and the prevalence for students in eastern region was higher than in western and central regions (P<0.001). In 1985 and 1995, the prevalence in certain provinces in eastern and central regions was <1%. In 2005, almost half provinces (14/30) had a prevalence <1%. In 2014, provinces in eastern coastal areas had relatively high prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness in students aged 13 to 18 years, while provinces in central and western regions had relatively low prevalence.

Conclusion: A fluctuating trend of the prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness has been observed among Chinese Han students aged 13 to 18 years during the past three decades. There is great difference between the current prevalence of excellent health status and physical fitness and the goal of Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan, thus, the effective interventions and strategies for promoting students' physical activity and physical fitness are urgently needed in China.
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18
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):346-352.
[Effect of Concentrated Growth Factors Combined With Guided Tissue Regeneration in Treatment of classII Furcation Involvements of Mandibular Molars]
[Article in Chinese]
F Li 1, J Qiao 1, J Y Duan 1, Y Zhang 1, X J Wang 1
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PMID: 32306021Free article

Abstract


Objective: Tissues loss due to periodontal disease is typically treated by a variety of regenerative treatment modalities, including bone grafts, guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and growth factors, to reform the supporting tissues of teeth. Concentrated growth factors (CGF) are produced by centrifuging blood samples at alternating and controlled speeds using a special centrifuge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether GTR could improve the effect of CGF combined with bone graft in the treatment of classII furcations of mandibular molars.

Methods: In the present study, thirty-five classII furcation involvements were included and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (n=17) accepted GTR combined with CGF and bone graft therapy, and the controlled group (n=18) accepted CGF combined with bone graft therapy. The clinical examinations and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were performed at baseline and 1 year post-surgery. Comparisons of clinical and CBCT data before and after operation between the experimental group and the control group were made.

Results: The clinical and CBCT data of both groups were not statistically different at baseline (P>0.05). At the end of 1 year post-surgery, the clinical parameters of both groups were significantly improved (P<0.001). The probing depths of the experimental group were (4.81±1.95) mm and (3.56±1.94) mm, respectively, significantly higher than the changes of the control group (P<0.001). The vertical and horizontal attachment gains of the experimental group were (4.11±1.98) mm and (3.84±1.68) mm, respectively, significantly higher than the changes of the control group (P<0.001). At the end of 1 year post-surgery, the experimental group showed significantly higher bone gain at vertical and horizontal directions compared with those of the control group: (3.84±1.68) and (3.88±2.12) mm, respectively (P<0.001).

Conclusion: Within the limitation of the present study, GTR showed positive role in the effect of CGF combined with bone graft in the treatment of classII furcation involvements of mandibular molars.
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19
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):214-220.
[Interaction Between PSF and Cytokeratin 18 Mediates PSF Relocation to Cell Membrane and Maintains Chemosensitivity of Myeloid Leukemia]
[Article in Chinese]
S M Ren 1 2, L Y Long 1 2, C S Xu 1
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PMID: 32306001Free article

Abstract


Objective: To identify the chaperone of polypyrimidine tractor-binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) in myeloid leukemia cells, and to explore the mechanism and redistributive pattern to cell surface of PSF in chemo-sensitive HL60 cells and resistant HL60/DOX cells.

Methods: The eukaryotic expression vector of PSF was transfected with liposomes transiently, then flow cytometry was used to detect the expression level of PSF on the cell surface 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after vector transfections. We constructed a chimeric expression vector, streptavidin binding peptide (SBP)-PSF, meanwhile this vector was transfected and made SBP-PSF fusion protein overexpress. In addition, we used streptavidin magnetic beads to precipitate the cellular chaperonin of PSF and then identified its chaperonin by mass spectrometry (MS). Lentiviral vectors containing cytokeratin18 (K18) interference sequences were transfected into 293T cells to prepare lentivirus. HL60 and HL60/DOX cells were infected with lentivirus to obtain stable interfering K18 cell lines. Next, flow cytometry was used to test the membrane relocation level of PSF. Together, these methods confirmed the similar or different mechanisms of the PSF redistributing to membrane synergistically mediated by K18 in HL60 and HL60/DOX cells.

Results: The expression of membrane relocated PSF was detected every day for three days (at the end of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h) after transient overexpression. The expressing rate of PSF on the cell surface was 22.4%±3.5%, 37.9%±6.0%, 58.3%±8.8%, respectively in sensitive HL60 cells, while that was 4.7%±0.5%, 3.9%±0.6%, 2.9%±0.6% , respectively in resistant HL60/DOX cells. The difference of expressing rate on each day was significant, P<0.01. We identified K18 detected by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrum assay which was the cellular chaperone of PSF. We found that K18 knockdown decreased the PSF expression level which redistributed on cell surface from 48.9%±5.4% to 6.2%±1.0% in sensitive HL60 cells, and from 9.11%±1.2% to 2.21%±0.51% in resistant HL60/DOX cells, respectively.

Conclusion: K18 is the intracellular chaperonin of PSF. The interaction of PSF and K18 mediates its redistribution to cell membrane in sensitive cells. While in resistant cells, PSF failed to relocate at the cell surface and accumulated in cells, which mediated resistance to chemotherapeutics.
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20
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):281-284.
[Predictive Values of the Combination of Friedman Stage and Sleep Oximetry Done Early After Surgery in Predicting the Treatment Outcomes of Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty]
[Article in Chinese]
B W Dong 1, J B Zhang 1, S F Xiao 1
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PMID: 32306011Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore the predictive values of the combination of preoperative data, including medical history and physical examination, and results of sleep oximetry performed early after the surgery (one week) in predicting the treatment outcomes of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Methods: All the patients who were diagnosed with OSAHS, underwent UPPP treatment and had complete follow-up data in our institution between Jan 2013 and May 2016 were enrolled in our study. The pre-operative data of these patients, including age, physical examination, and polysomnography (PSG) data, were all exactly collected for analysis. All these patients had received the evaluation of subjective efficacy scale and the sleep oximetry test in early post-operative days (within one week). The long-term efficacy evaluations including PSG and subjective efficacy scale were all finished at least three months after the surgery.

Results: In the research 61 patients were finally studied, including 25 responders (41.0%) and 36 non-responders (59.0%). Regression analysis revealed that the pre-operative Friedman stage and early post-operative oxygen desaturation index of ≥4% (ODI4) were found to be independently predictive parameters for the UPPP treatment outcomes (P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis was used to estimate the predictive values of ODI4 to the treatment outcomes, and it was calculated with an area under the curve of 0.822. Using the ODI4 of 15 as the cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity of that calculated were up to 0.778 and 0.760 respectively. The response rate among the patients with an early post-operative ODI4 of <15 was 70.4%, which was significantly higher than that of the patients with an early post-operative ODI4 of ≥15, whose response rate was 17.6% (P<0.05). The similar results could also be obtained in the patients with pre-operative Friedman stage II (87.5% vs.25.0%) and Friedman stage III (33.3% vs. 6.7%).

Conclusion: The combination of early post UPPP operation oximetry parameters, especially ODI4, and pre-operative Friedman stage could be used in better evaluating the potential surgical outcomes of UPPP.
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21
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):586-590. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.029.
[Inflammation Grading and Sialoendoscopic Treatment of 131 I Radioiodine-Induced Sialadenitis]
[Article in Chinese]
X Li 1, J Z Su 1, Y Y Zhang 1, L Q Zhang 2, Y Q Zhang 2, D G Liu 2, G Y Yu 1
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PMID: 32541997
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.029Free article

Abstract


Objective: To investigate the inflammation grading of 131I radioiodine-induced sialadenitis based upon sialoendoscopic and sialographic appearances, and to evaluate the results of sialoendoscopic intervention.

Methods: The patients diagnosed with 131I radioiodine-induced sialadenitis and underwent sialoendoscopic exploration and intervention procedures in Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from Nov. 2012 to Oct. 2018 were included in this study. The appearances of sialogaphy and sialoendoscopy were analyzed and classified. The treatment options included irrigation with saline and dexamethasone and mechanical dilatation by sialoendoscope. The patients were followed up after treatment.

Results: Forty-two patients with 131I radioiodine-induced sialadenitis were included. There were 5 males and 37 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1 ∶7.4. Symptoms included recurrent swelling and pain in the parotid glands, and dry mouth. Sialography showed stenosis in the main duct,and in some cases nonvisua-lization of the branches. Sialoendoscopy showed narrowing of the main duct, and the branch duct atresia was seen. The appearances of sialogaphy and sialoendoscopy were analyzed and classified into 3 groups: (1) Mild inflammation: stenosis and ectasia occurred in the main duct, whereas the 0.9 mm sialoendoscope could pass through easily. (2) Moderate inflammation: one point of severe stricture could be seen in the main duct where 0.9 mm sialoendoscope could not be passed through. (3) Severe inflammation: two points or more of severe strictures or diffused strictures occurred in the main duct. Thirty-three patients with 65 affected glands were examined by both sialography and sialoendoscopy. Eight glands were classified as mild inflammation, 23 glands moderate inflammation, and 34 glands severe inflammation. The duration of follow-up ranged from 3-72 months. The clinical results were evaluated as good in 22 glands, fair in 22 glands, and poor in 19 glands, with an overall effective rate of 69.8% (44/63).

Conclusion: The clinical, sialographic and sialoendoscopic appearances of 131I radioiodine-induced sialadenitis showed their characteristics. We proposed an inflammation grading standard for the 131I radioiodine-induced sialadenitis based on the appearances of sialography and sialoendoscopy. Sialoendoscopy can significantly alleviate the clinical symptoms, which is an effective therapy, and better for early lesions.

Keywords: Diagnosis; Iodine radioisotopes; Sialadenitis; Sialoendoscopy; Treatment outcome.
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22
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):591-596. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.030.
[Determination of UV-327 and UV-328 in Mouse Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography]
[Article in Chinese]
M Q Zhu 1, R Cui 1
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PMID: 32541998
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.030Free article

Abstract


Objective: To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of ultraviolet (UV) absorbers UV-327 and UV-328 in mouse plasma.

Methods: N-hexane-acetone (volume ratio 1 ∶1) was added to a mouse plasma sample as the extraction solvent for vortex extraction, and the supernatant was dried at 50 ℃ with nitrogen. Thereafter the residue was redissolved with methanol, centrifuged and filtered. The separation was performed on a Waters SymmetryC18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), and the concentrations of UV-327 and UV-328 in the mouse plasma were determined by HPLC with an UV detector. The elution was isocratic at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with a mobile phase composed of 100% methanol, and the UV detection wavelength was 340 nm. The retention time was used for qualitative analysis, and the internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis using UV-320 as the internal standard.

Results: The calibration curves of UV-327 and UV-328 were linear with correlation coefficients of 0.999 7 over the concentration range of 0.05 to 10.0 mg/L. The limit of detection was 0.01 mg/L, and the limit of quantitation was 0.03 mg/L. The average recoveries at low, medium and high three concentrations (0.50, 1.00, 2.00 mg/L) in the mouse plasma were 91.7%-101.0% for UV-327, and 97.5%-103.9% for UV-328. The intra-day precisions (n=6) of UV-327 were 2.9%-6.6%, and 2.7%-7.4% for UV-328. The inter-day precisions (n=3) of UV-327 were 6.0%-9.3%, and 6.6%-8.6% for UV-328. The extraction recoveries of UV-327 were 98.8%-103.8%, and 99.8%-100.9% for UV-328. The measured relative deviations of UV-327 in the mouse plasma samples placed at room temperature for 6 hours and -40 ℃ for 15 days were 0.9%-3.5% and 7.4%-15.0%, and the measured relative deviations of UV-328 were 2.0%-4.3% and 2.1%-13.8%, respectively. The mouse plasma samples could be stored at room temperature for 6 hours at least and -40 ℃ for 15 days at three spiked concentration levels.

Conclusion: The method was simple and fast with high accuracy, precision and sensitivity, and could be applied to the determination of UV-327 and UV-328 in mouse plasma.

Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography; Mouse; Plasma; UV-327; UV-328.
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23
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):438-443. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.007.
[Effect of Benzo(a)pyrene on Dopaminergic Neurons and α-synuclein in Brain and Its Mechanism Involved]
[Article in Chinese]
Y Z Qi 1, H H Quan 1, W X Xu 1, Q R Li 1, H Zhou 1
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PMID: 32541975
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.007Free article

Abstract


Objective: To analyze the effect of benzopyrene on the decrease of dopaminergic neurons, and the increase and aggregation of α-synuclein, which are the pathological features of Parkinson's disease, and to explore its possible mechanisms.

Methods: Eight-month-old transgenic mice with human SNCA gene were randomly divided into a BaP-exposed group and a control group. BaP and solvent corn oil were injected intraperitoneally to BaP-exposed group and control group respectively, once a day for 60 days. The motor dysfunction of mice was tested by rotarod test. The effects of BaP on the decrease of dopaminergic neurons and increase and aggregation of α-synuclein were observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot experiments respectively, and the expression of related mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Twenty genes were tested in the study, mainly related to neurotransmitter transporter (2 genes), neurotransmitter receptor function (10 genes), cellular autophagy (5 genes), and α-synuclein aggregation and degradation (3 genes).

Results: After BaP exposure, the movement time of the mice in the rotarod test was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The substantia nigra dopami-nergic neurons in the mice were significantly reduced, which was 62% of the control group (P<0.05), and the expression of α-synuclein in the midbrain increased, which was 1.36 times that of the control group (P<0.05). After BaP exposure, mRNA expressions of 14 genes in the midbrain of the mice were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05). Alpha-synuclein degradation and cell autophagy (5 genes), neuron transporters (2 genes), and neurotransmitter receptor functions (5 genes) were involved. The expression of one gene, Synphilin-1, was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01), which was related to α-synuclein aggregation.

Conclusion: BaP exposure not only inhibited function of neurotransmitter receptor and dopamine transporter, but also interfered cell autophagy, thereby hindering the degradation of α-synuclein, which could lead to decrease of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and increase and aggregation of α-synuclein in midbrain, as the significant pathology of Parkinson's disease. Therefore, BaP exposure may increase the risk of Parkinson's disease.

Keywords: Alpha-synuclein; Benzo(a)pyrene; Dopaminergic neurons; Parkinson’s disease.
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Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):582-585. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.028.
[Clinical Study of 21 Cases of Sacral Cysts Containing Fila Terminale]
[Article in Chinese]
G Z Lin 1, Z Y Wang 1, J C Xie 1, B Liu 1, C C Ma 1, X D Chen 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541996
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.028Free article

Abstract


Objective: To summarize the characteristics of sacral cysts containing fila terminale and to explore the surgical treatment methods.

Methods: The clinical features, imaging characteristics and surgical methods of 21 cases of sacral cysts containing fila terminale from July 2010 to March 2017 were reviewed and analyzed. Lumbosacral and perineal pain, weakness of the lower limbs and bladder and bowel dysfunction were the common clinical symptoms. MRI showed that the cysts located in the sacral canal. The lower T1 and higher T2 signals were found on MRI. There were fila terminale within the cysts which tethered the spinal cord. No enhancement was visible within the lesion. The key steps of operation included the resection of the cyst wall, the cutting off of the fila terminale, the release of the tethered cord and the reconstruction of the cisterna terminalis.

Results: The total and subtotal resections of cyst walls were achieved in 14 and 7 cases, respectively. The fila terminales were separated and cut off in all the cases, and the tethered cords were released completely. The reconstructions of the cisterna terminalis were accomplished in all the cases. There was no new-onset dysfunction except for 7 cases of mild numbness around anus postoperatively. Pathological examinations confirmed that the cyst wall was fibrous connective tissue, and hyperplasia of fibrous tissue and/or adipose tissue was found within the thickened fila terminale. The lumbosacral and perineal pain disappeared. The weakness of the lower extremities and the bladder and bowel dysfunction gradually improved. The period of follow-up ranged from 3 months to 7 years (average: 2.25 years). The spinal function of all the patients restored to McCormick grade Ⅰ. Only 1 case encountered recurrence of cyst.

Conclusion: The sacral cysts containing fila terminale are rare. The common symptoms include lumbosacral and perineal pain and symptoms of tethered cord. MRI is helpful to the diagnosis, which shows the signal of cerebrospinal fluid and the fila terminale in the cyst as well as tlow-placed conus medullaris. Microsurgery should remove the cyst wall, cut off the fila terminale, release the tethered cord and reconstruct the cisterna terminalis.

Keywords: Electromyography; Fila terminale; Microsurgery; Sacral cyst; Tethered cord syndrome.
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Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):444-450. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.008.
[Application of the China-PAR Stroke Risk Equations in a Rural Northern Chinese Population]
[Article in Chinese]
X Tang 1, D D Zhang 2, X F Liu 1, Q P Liu 1, Y Cao 1, N Li 3, S P Huang 3, H D Dou 4, P Gao 1, Y H Hu 1
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PMID: 32541976
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.008Free article

Abstract


Objective: To validate five-year risk prediction models for stroke in a contemporary rural Northern Chinese population.

Methods: Totally 6 483 rural adults aged 40 to 79 years without cardiovascular diseases were enrolled at baseline between June and August 2010, and followed up through January 2017. Expected prediction risk using the China-PAR (prediction for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in China) stroke risk equations were compared with the new Framingham stroke risk profile (FSRP). The recalibrated models were applied by adjusting the five-year baseline survival rate and the mean score to our rural northern Chinese population, while keeping other coefficient parameters the same as the original models. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to obtain the observed event (nonfatal or fatal stroke) rate for the five years, and the expected-observed ratios were calculated to evaluate overestimation or underestimation in the cohort. The models were assessed by discrimination C statistic, calibration χ2, and calibration charts and plots for illustration as well.

Results: Over an average of (5.83 ± 1.14) years of the follow-up in this validation cohort with 6 483 rural Chinese participants, 438 subjects deve-loped a first stroke event. Recalibrated China-PAR stroke risk equations and FSRP well-performed for predicting five-year stroke risk in men, and had C statistics of 0.709 (95%CI, 0.675 - 0.743) and 0.721 (95%CI, 0.688 - 0.754), with calibration χ2 values being 5.7 (P = 0.770) and 13.6 (P = 0.137), respectively. However, both China-PAR and FSRP overestimated stroke events by 11.6% and 30.0% in women, and had C statistics of 0.713 (95%CI, 0.684-0.743) and 0.710 (95%CI, 0.679-0.740), respectively. Calibration χ2 values in women were 12.5 (P = 0.188) for China-PAR and 24.0 (P = 0.004) for FSRP. In addition, the calibration charts and plots illustrated good agreement between the observations and the predictions only in the China-PAR stroke risk equations, especially for men.

Conclusion: In this validation cohort of rural northern Chinese adults, the China-PAR models had better performance of five-year stroke risk prediction than the FSRP, indicating that recalibrated China-PAR stroke risk equations might be appropriate tools for risk assessment and primary prevention of stroke in China.

Keywords: Cohort study; Risk prediction; Rural population; Stroke.
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Case Reports
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):373-377.
[Kaposi Sarcoma Combined With Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Report and Literature Review]
[Article in Chinese]
J Li 1, Z Y Niu 1, Y Xue 1, X Y Shi 2, B Zhang 2, Y Wang 3
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PMID: 32306025Free article

Abstract


Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an unusual vascular tumor associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection, which is common in immunosuppressors. Although extremely rare, iatrogenic (drug-related) KS can occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients under immunosuppressive therapy. We report a 64-year-old male diagnosed with ulcerative colitis for 1 year. He was treated with methylprednisolone because of an acute severe disease flare. He presented with several popular violet lesions on the body 4 months after steroid therapy. Histological examination of skin biopsies showed Kaposi's sarcoma associated with HHV-8. The skin lesions regressed after steroid withdrawal and chemotherapy. Two key words "Kaposi's sarcoma" and "inflammatory bowel disease" were searched in Wanfang data and CNKI, but no relevant articles were found. Thirty-eight articles in English were retrieved on PubMed with the key words of ("ulcerative colitis" OR "Crohn's disease" OR "inflammatory bowel disease") AND (Kaposi sarcoma). Twenty-five cases of Kaposi's sarcoma related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were reported. Including this case, the majority of 26 Kaposi's sarcoma related IBD patients were male (80.8%, 21/26). The average age was (51.1 ± 16.4) years. Twenty cases were ulcerative colitis and 6 were Crohn's disease. All the patients received immunomodulatory therapy, including glucocorticoid, azathioprine/mercaptopurine, methotrexate, cyclosporin and anti tumor necrosis factor α antibody. Thirteen cases were positive for HHV-8. There were 18 cases involving the distal ileum and colorectum only, 3 cases involving skin only, and 5 cases involving both skin and colorectum at the same time. Overall, the prognosis was good. Three patients only stopped immunosuppressive therapy, 1 received radiotherapy, 1 received chemotherapy, and 20 received surgery. Kaposi's sarcoma could be seen in IBD patients with immunomodulatory therapy. It is very important to distinguish from the skin lesions related to IBD or drug treatment. The adverse reactions of immunomodulatory therapy should not be ignored. In addition, attention should be paid to the cooperation of multi-disciplinary team, which can diagnose and treat rare cases earlier and more accurately.
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27
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):269-274.
[Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Glucose Tolerance and Its Curve Characteristics in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Rats]
[Article in Chinese]
C C Guo 1, X Y Zhang 1, Y X Wang 1, L Xie 1, C Q Chang 1
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PMID: 32306009Free article

Abstract


Objective: To observe the effect of chlorogenic acid (chlorogenic acid, CGA) on the glucose tolerance and its curve characteristics in high fat diet-induced obesity (diet-induced-obesity, DIO) rats, so as to provide scientific grounds for the development and utilization of CGA in early prevention and reversal of prediabetes.

Methods: Eight of forty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected as the normal diet group (CON group), and the rest were fed with high-fat diet. After 4 weeks, 24 high-fat-induced obese rats were screened according to the criteria and then randomly divided into high fat diet group (HFD group), 50% CGA group and 98% CGA group. The CGA groups received intragastric administrations of 50% CGA and 98% CGA orally via a gavage needle once a day for 8 weeks, respectively, while the CON and HFD groups received a carrier solution (phosphate buffer saline, PBS). Their body weights were measured weekly and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed every 4 weeks. Fasting insulin and insulin release were measured at the end of the study. Meanwhile, HOMA-IR and visceral fat percentage were calculated. Histopathological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining method were evaluated in the pancreatic tissues.

Results: Before the intervention of chlorogenic acid, blood glucose levels 120 min after glucose loading (P<0.05) and AUC-G (P<0.05) were increased in the HFD group when compared with the CON group, and the time to glucose peak was delayed after 4 weeks of chlorogenic acid intervention (P<0.05). After 8 weeks of intervention, the HOMA-IR index, the insulin levels at 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min after glucose loading and AUC-I increased (P<0.05), and the histopathological examination showed obvious hyperplasia of pancreatic islets (P<0.05). Compared with the HFD group, there was no significant change in glucose tolerance and glucose peak time in 50%CGA and 98%CGA groups at the end of 4 weeks of intervention. However, after 8 weeks of intervention, OGTT-60min,OGTT-120min blood glucose (P<0.05) were lower, HOMA-IR index and OGTT-0min, OGTT-120min serum insulin level decreased (P<0.05), the time to glucose peak shifted to an earlier timepoint (P<0.05), abnormal islet hyperplasia attenuated (P<0.05) in 50% CGA and 98% CGA groups. Also, the OGTT-30min serum insulin level was decreased (P<0.05) in 50% CGA group.

Conclusion: Delay in time to glucose peak during the OGTT was one of the manifestations of impaired glucose tolerance in DIO rats, and 50% and 98% CGA could improve the glucose tolerance and delay in glucose peak time.
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Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):479-485. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.013.
[Subnational Inequalities of Early Marriage and Fertility Among Chinese Females From 1990 to 2010]
[Article in Chinese]
D M Luo 1, X J Yan 1, P J Hu 1, J S Zhang 1, Y Song 1, J Ma 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541981
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.013Free article

Abstract


Objective: To analyze the inequality of early marriage and adolescent fertility with respect to local economic development among Chinese females aged 15-19 years from 1990 to 2010.

Methods: Aggregated data were extracted from the Chinese National Census from 1990 to 2010. We calculated the ever-married rate and fertility rate of female adolescents aged 15-19 years. Using gross domestic product (GDP) per capita as an indicator for socio-economic status of a province, we calculated the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index (CI) to analyze the subnational inequalities of early marriage and adolescent fertility. Weighted linear regression models were also established to assess the associations between GDP per capita and the ever-married rate/fertility rate.

Results: The ever-married rate for Chinese female adolescents aged 15-19 years decreased from 4.7% in 1990 to 1.2% in 2000, and rebounded to 2.1% in 2010. From 1990 to 2000, the fertility rate decreased from 22.0 per 1 000 to 6.0 per 1 000, and further decreased to 5.9 per 1 000 in 2010. In 1990, the socio-economic inequalities of the ever-married rate and fertility rate for female adolescents aged 15-19 years were not statistically significant (P for SII or CI>0.05). The values of SII revealed that, in 2000 and 2010, female adolescents with the lowest GDP per capita had an ever-married rate 2.4% (95%CI: 0.4-4.4) and 2.3% (95%CI: 0.3-4.2) higher than those with the highest GDP per capita, respectively. In the meantime, in 2000 and 2010, female adolescents with the lowest GDP per capita had a fertility rate 12.9 per 1 000 (95%CI: 5.4-20.5) and 9.3 per 1 000 (95%CI: 4.6-14.0) higher than those with the highest, respectively. In 2000 and 2010, the CIs for marriage were -0.32 (P=0.02) and -0.17 (P=0.03), respectively, and the CIs for childbirth were -0.37 (P<0.01) and -0.26 (P<0.01), respectively. In 2000, the ever-married rate and the fertility rate were estimated to increase by 1.4% (95%CI: 0.1-2.7) and 7.9 per 1 000 (95%CI: 2.9-12.8) with 100% increase in GDP per capita, respectively; in 2010, the numbers were 1.5% (95%CI: 0.1-2.9) and 6.7 per 1 000 (95%CI: 3.2-10.1), respectively.

Conclusion: Subnational socio-economic inequality of early marriage and adolescent fertility existed in 2000 and 2010. Female adolescents residing in less-developed areas were more likely to engage in early marriage and childbirth. Reducing income inequality and increasing education investment for poverty-stricken areas seem to be effective measures to reduce this inequality.

Keywords: Adolescent fertility; Early marriage; Inequality; Subnational economic development.
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Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):432-437. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.006.
[Bivariate Heritability Estimation of Resting Heart Rate and Common Chronic Disease Based on Extended Pedigrees]
[Article in Chinese]
H C Zheng 1, E C Xue 1, X H Wang 1, X Chen 1, S Y Wang 1, H Huang 1, J Jiang 1, Y Ye 2, C L Huang 3, Y Zhou 4, W J Gao 1, C Q Yu 1, J Lv 1, X L Wu 3, X M Huang 3, W H Cao 1, Y S Yan 2, T Wu 1, L M Li 1
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PMID: 32541974
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.006Free article

Abstract


Objective: To estimate the univariate heritability of resting heart rate and common chronic disease such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia based on extended pedigrees in Fujian Tulou area and to explore bivariate heritability to test for the genetic correlation between resting heart rate and other relative phenotypes.

Methods: The study was conducted in Tulou area of Nanjing County, Fujian Province from August 2015 to December 2017. The participants were residents with Zhang surname and their relatives from Taxia Village, Qujiang Village, and Nanou Village or residents with Chen surname and their relatives from Caoban Village, Tumei Village, and Beiling Village. The baseline survey recruited 1 563 family members from 452 extended pedigrees. The pedigree reconstruction was based on the family information registration and the genealogy booklet. Univariate and bivariate heritability was estimated using variance component models for continuous variables, and susceptibility-threshold model for binary variables.

Results: The pedigree reconstruction identified 1 seven-generation pedigree, 2 five-generation pedigrees, 23 four-generation pedigrees, 186 three-generation pedigrees, and 240 two-generation pedigrees. The mean age of the participants was 57.2 years and the males accounted for 39.4%. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia in this population was 49.2%, 10.0%, and 45.2%, respectively. The univariate heritability estimation of resting heart rate, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was 0.263 (95%CI: 0.120－0.407), 0.404 (95%CI: 0.135－0.673), and 0.799 (95%CI: 0.590－1), respectively. The heritability of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was 0.379, 0.306, 0.393, 0.452, 0.568, 0.852, and 0.387, respectively. In bivariate analysis, there were phenotypic correlations between resting heart rate with hypertension, diabetes, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and triglyceride. After taking resting heart rate into account, there were strong genetic correlations between resting heart rate with fasting glucose (genetic correlation 0.485, 95%CI: 0.120－1, P<0.05) and diabetes (genetic correlation 0.795, 95%CI: 0.181－0.788, P<0.05).

Conclusion: Resting heart rate was a heritable trait and correlated with several common chronic diseases and related traits. There was strong genetic correlation between resting heart rate with fasting glucose and diabetes, suggesting that they may share common genetic risk factors.

Keywords: Diabetes; Heritability; Hypertension; Pedigree; Resting heart rate.
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Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):425-431. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.005.
[Correlation Between Fasting Plasma Glucose, HbA1c and DNA Methylation in Adult Twins]
[Article in Chinese]
Z N Wang 1, W J Gao 1, B Q Wang 1, W H Cao 1, J Lv 1, C Q Yu 1, Z C Pang 2, L M Cong 3, H Wang 4, X P Wu 5, Y Liu 6, L M Li 1
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PMID: 32541973
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.005Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore the cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CPG) sites associated with fas-ting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in twins.

Methods: In the study, 169 pairs of monozygotic twins were recruited in Qingdao, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Heilongjiang in June to December of 2013 and June 2017 to October 2018. The methylation was detected by Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip and Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. According to the Linear Mixed Effect model (LME model), fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were taken as the main effects, the methylation level (β value) was taken as the dependent variable, continuous variables, such as age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, components of blood cells, surrogate variables generated by SVA, and categorical variables, such as gender, smoking and drinking status, hypoglycemic drugs taking, were included in the fixed effect model as covariates, and the identity numbers (ID) of the twins was included in the random effect model. The intercept was set as a random. Regression analysis was carried out to find out the CpG sites related to fasting blood glucose or HbA1c, respectively.

Results: In this study, 338 monozygotic twins (169 pairs) were included, with 412 459 CpG loci. Among them, 114 pairs were male, and 55 pairs were female, with an average age of (48.2±11.9) years. After adjustment of age, gender, BMI, blood pressure, smoking, drinking, blood cell composition, and other covariates, and multiple comparison test, 7 CpG sites (cg19693031, cg01538969, cg08501915, cg04816311, ch.8.1820050F, cg06721411, cg26608667) were found related to fasting blood glucose, 3 of which (cg08501915, ch.8.1820050f, cg26608667) were the newly found sites in this study; whereas 10 CpG sites (cg19693031, cg04816311, cg01538969, cg01339781, cg01676795, cg24667115, cg09029192, cg20697417, ch.4.1528651F, cg16097041) were found related to HbA1c, and 4 of which(cg01339781, cg24667115, cg20697417, and ch.4.1528651f) were new. We found that cg19693031 in TXNIP gene was the lowest P-value site in the association analysis between DNA methylation and fas-ting plasma glucose and HbA1c (PFPG=2.42×10-19, FDRFPG<0.001; PHbA1c=1.72×10-19, FDRHbA1c<0.001).

Conclusion: In this twin study, we found new CpG sites related to fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, and provided some clues that partly revealed the potential mechanism of blood glucose metabolism in terms of DNA methylation, but it needed further verification in external larger samples.

Keywords: DNA methylation; Fasting plasma glucose; Glycated haemoglobin; Twin.
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31
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):521-526. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.019.
[Calculation of the Prevalence of Progressive Muscular Atrophy Among Adults in China Based on Urban Medical Insurance Data From 15 Provinces]
[Article in Chinese]
L Xu 1, L Chen 2, D S Fan 2, J N Feng 1, L L Liu 1, S Y Zhan 1 3, S F Wang 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541987
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.019Free article

Abstract


Objective: To analyze the characteristics of patients with progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) and calculate the prevalence of PMA in China in 2016.

Methods: A retrospective analysis based on China's urban employee basic medical insurance data and the urban residence basic medical insu-rance data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 was carried out. Children under 18 years old were excluded. Patients with progressive muscular atrophy were identified by disease names and codes. Subgroup analyses by gender, region and age were carried out to calculate the gender-specific, region-specific and age-specific prevalences. Age-adjusted national prevalence was estimated based on 2010 Chinese census data. Sensitivity analyses were done by only considering the observed cases and by excluding the top 10% provinces regarding the missing rate of diagnostic information, respectively.

Results: A total of 996.09 million person-years were included in this study, with 518.41 million person-years in males and 477.67 million person-years in females. The age and gender distribution of the study population was similar to that of the 2010 Chinese census data, therefore the study population was nationally representative. The prevalence of PMA in China in 2016 was 0.28 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.24-0.33), with 0.21 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.16-0.26) and 0.35 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.28-0.42) for females and males, respectively. Regional disparity existed in the Chinese PMA prevalence, with the lowest prevalence in Southwest region (0.11 per 100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 0.07-0.15) and the highest prevalence in Northwest region (3.47 per 100 000 person-years, 95%CI: 0.80-7.99). Age trend in the PMA prevalence was not obvious, but the prevalence among those aged 70 years and older was relatively higher. The age-adjusted prevalence based on 2010 Chinese census data was 0.29 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.27-0.31). The national prevalences calculated by only considering the observed cases and by excluding the top 10% provinces regar-ding the missing rate of diagnostic information were 0.17 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.14-0.20) and 0.24 per 100 000 person-years (95%CI: 0.20-0.28), respectively.

Conclusion: This study is to calculate the prevalence of PMA among adults in urban China, which can provide basic statistics for the enactment of PMA related medical policies, and clues for the studies on the mechanisms of PMA.

Keywords: Medical insurance; Prevalence; Progressive muscular atrophy.
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32
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):227-233.
[Palmitoylome Profiling Indicates That Androgens Promote the Palmitoylation of Metabolism-Related Proteins in Prostate Cancer-Derived LNCaP Cells]
[Article in Chinese]
W Q Li 1, S M Ren 2 3, X B Long 3 4, Y Q Tian 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32306003Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore potential therapeutic targets other than androgen-deprivation treatment for prostate cancer by screening the proteins induced by androgen at palmitoylation modification level in LNCaP cells.

Methods: The LNCaP cells were treated with androgen (Methyltrienolone, R1881, 5 nmol/L) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 24 h, and then labeled with alkynyl palmitic acid Alk-C16 (100 μmol/L). After that, the cells were collected, lysed, the total protein was extracted, agarose beads labeled with azide (1 mmol/L) were added, and the click-chemistry reaction was carried out at room temperature for 1 h. The covalent bond formed by click-chemistry reaction of azide and alkynyl group was used to enrich the palmitoylated proteins on agarose beads. Label-free quantitation (LFQ) was used to compare the protein palmitoylation level of R1881 treated and untreated cells to screen the proteins induced by androgen at palmitoylation modification level.

Results: In this experiment, 907 potential palmitoylated proteins (mascot score>2, P<0.05) were identified, among which 430 proteins had LFQ values not zero at least twice. Among the 430 proteins, the palmitoylation levels of 92 candidates were increased by androgen treatment, and their LFQ values were significantly upregulated (>1.5-fold, P<0.05) in ≥2 samples of androgen-treated vs. untreated LNCaP cells. We also used the software of cytoscape to classify the 92 proteins, and found that the known functional proteins of them could be divided into three categories: metabolism related, protein folding related and translation initiation related. Among them, metabolism related proteins included lipid metabolism (6), glucose metabolism (7) and respiratory electron transport chain (8), and a small amount of amino acid metabolism (2) and other metabolism related proteins (2). Notably, the ratio of LFQ of cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2 (UQCRC2) was significantly (>3-fold, P<0.05) higher in androgen-treated cells compared with untreated cells, indicating that the palmitoylation level of UQCRC2 was enhanced by androgen most significantly than that of others. The second was long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (ACADVL) related to lipid metabolism and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (PGD) related to glucose metabolism, but the LFQ ratio of them was less than 3-fold.

Conclusion: The research on palmitoylation mechanism of metabolism, especially the proteins related to respiratory electron transport chain, will provide a new guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer and the development of targeted drugs.
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33
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):541-546. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.022.
[Cannabis Use Among the Drug Users With Compulsory Detained Detoxification Treatment in China]
[Article in Chinese]
W J Tang 1, H X Tang 2, Y Xing 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541990
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.022Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore the epidemic situation of cannabis use among drug users with compulsory detained detoxification treatment in China.

Methods: Using the data from the Drug Abuse Population Estimation in the Key Cities of the Ministry of Public Security, we analyzed the sociodemographic characteristics and substance use of cannabis abusers with compulsory detained detoxification treatment in 55 provincial capital cities and key cities of China. Chi-square test, Fisher exact test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used to compare the prevalence of cannabis, heroin, synthetic and mixed drug use among patients with detoxification treatment, as well as the differences in polydrug use and areas among cannabis users.

Results: In the study, 25 366 drug users with compulsory detained detoxification treatment were recruited, of whom 2.2% (546/25 366) used cannabis in the previous year before the treatment. The proportion of males was 83.5%, and the proportion of ethnic minorities was 41.0%. Those who received junior high school education or above accounted for 30.8%, and the unemployed accounted for 44.1%. The average age was (33.3±8.2) years, the average age of beginning drug use was (24.8±7.7) years, and the average duration between the first drug abuse and first detoxification treatment was (5.4±4.6) years. The prevalence of cannabis use was higher among those drug users who were 35-year-old and younger, ethnic minorities, employees and residents in Xinjiang. Of the cannabis users, 91.4% used polydrug, 13.6% combined with heroin alone, 42.1% combined with synthetic drugs alone and 35.7% combined with both of heroin and synthetic drugs. Of the cannabis users, 49.6% came from 3 regions: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Jiangsu Province and Shanghai City. The cannabis users in Xinjiang had a high proportion of ethnic minorities who received junior high school education and below. Moreover, 79.6% of them combined cannabis use with heroin. The cannabis users in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai areas had a higher proportion of ethnic Han who received better education (high school and above). Moreover, 92.7% of them combined cannabis use with methamphe-tamine.

Conclusion: The prevalence of cannabis use among the population with compulsory detained detoxification treatment is higher than that among drug users under surveillance, but there are obvious regional cluster effect and high possibility of polydrug abuse. Thus, it's important to strengthen the monitoring of cannabis use, to increase the control of cannabis and to formulate China's anti-cannabis policy among different population.

Keywords: Cannabis; Compulsory detained detoxification treatment; Drug users.
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Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):557-563. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.024.
[Establishment of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance Model in Rats]
[Article in Chinese]
X Y Zhang 1, C C Guo 1, Y X Yu 1, L Xie 1, C Q Chang 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541992
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.024Free article

Abstract


Objective: To investigate the appropriate conditions and duration for establishing a high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance model in rats.

Methods: Forty-five 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups: (1) control group (CON), (2) high-fat diet group (HFD). HFD was fed with a high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat) while CON with chow diet. After four-weeks of high-fat diet feeding, the rats of obesity resistance (OR) were eliminated according to body weight sorting, whereas obese (OB) rats were continued feeding a high-fat diet until 12 weeks. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly. Glucose tolerance was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks. At the end of 12 weeks, insulin releasing test and visceral fat mass were measured and HE staining of the liver, adipose tissue and pancreatic tissue were conducted.

Results: After 4 weeks of a high-fat diet, the body weight of HFD was 17.8% higher than that of CON (P=0.001), and the rate of obesity was 67.6%-78.4%. Glucose tolerance of OB rats was impaired with a higher blood glucose concentration at 120 min (P<0.001) and a higher area under the curve (AUC, P=0.037) in OGTT compared with CON. The rate of obesity and insulin-resistance rats was 79.3%. After 8 weeks of feeding, the body weight in OB was 30.4% higher than CON (P<0.001). In OGTT, blood glucose levels at 60 min and 120 min were 35.6% and 36.4% higher than those in CON (both P<0.001), and AUC was 21.7% (P<0.001) higher than that of CON. The rate of obesity and insulin-resistance rats was 100.0%. After 12 weeks of feeding, the body weight in OB was 36.9% higher than that in CON (P<0.001). In OGTT, the blood glucose levels at 60 min and 120 min were 24.8% (P=0.001) and 34.6% (P<0.001) higher than those in CON, and AUC was 16.1% (P=0.019) higher than that of CON. The rate of obesity and insulin-resistance rats was 93.3%. The insulin releasing test showed that serum insulin concentration at each time point (0, 30, 60, 120 min) was higher than that in CON, with a 6.3-times higher than that in CON at 120 min (P=0.008). Pathological changes were observed in islets and liver in the OB rats.

Conclusion: After 4 weeks of a high-fat diet (45% kcal from fat) feeding in six-weeks SD rats, the rats of OR were eliminated. Impaired glucose tolerance was found in OB rats after 4 weeks of feeding, and the rate was higher after 8-12 weeks of high-fat diet feeding.

Keywords: Diet, high-fat; Insulin resistance; Models, animal; Obesity.
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Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):464-469. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.011.
[Relationship of Plasma Vitamin A Levels Between Neonates and Pregnant Women in Third Trimester]
[Article in Chinese]
X C Li 1 2, Y B Zhou 1 2, K Y Si 1 2, H T Li 1 2, L Zhang 1 2, Y L Zhang 1 2, J F Liu 1 2, J M Liu 1 2
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541979
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.011Free article

Abstract


Objective: To study the correlation of plasma vitamin A (VitA) levels between neonates and pregnant women in third trimester.

Methods: A total of 688 pregnant women were recruited in Yuanshi and Laoting counties of Hebei Province, from May to June 2009. Venous blood samples of women before delivery and cord blood samples of newborns were collected and measured for retinol (retinol concentration was used to reflect VitA level) using high performance liquid chromatography assay. According to venous blood plasma retinol concentration, maternal VitA nutritional status was divided into deficiency (<0.70 μmol/L), marginal deficiency (0.70-<1.05 μmol/L), and sufficiency (≥1.05 μmol/L). According to cord blood plasma retinol concentration, neonatal VitA nutritional status was divided into deficiency (<0.35 μmol/L), marginal deficiency (0.35-<0.70 μmol/L), and sufficiency (≥0.70 μmol/L); neonatal VitA relative deficiency was further defined as cord blood plasma retinol concentration lower than the 10th percentile. VitA placental transport ratio was defined as retinol concentration in the neonates divided by that in pregnant women. Multivariable fractional polynomials (MFP) model and Pearson correlation were used to study the dose-response relationship between maternal and neonatal plasma VitA levels, Logistic regression model to estimate the effect of maternal VitA nutritional status on neonatal VitA deficiency, and MFP model and Spearman correlation to describe the relationship between maternal VitA level and VitA placental transport ratio.

Results: The average retinol concentration of the pregnant women was (1.15±0.30) μmol/L, and the prevalence of VitA deficiency and marginal deficiency were 4.5% and 37.8%, respectively. Average retinol concentration of the neonates was (0.78±0.13) μmol/L, and no neonates were VitA deficiency, 28.2% of the neonates were marginal deficiency. After multivariable adjustment, the VitA level of the neonates was positively and linearly related to maternal VitA level (pm=1, P<0.05), with the corresponding Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.13 (P<0.01). As compared with the women with sufficient VitA, those with VitA deficiency (crude OR=2.20, 95%CI:1.04-4.66) and marginal deficiency (crude OR=1.43, 95%CI:1.01-2.02) had higher risks to deliver neonates with VitA marginal deficiency; while the risks turned to be non-significant after multivariable adjustment. The pregnant women with VitA deficiency had higher risk to deliver neonates with relative VitA deficiency before and after multivariable adjustment (crude OR=3.02, 95%CI:1.21-7.50; adjusted OR=2.76, 95%CI:1.05-7.22). The maternal VitA level was negatively and non-linearly correlated with placental transport ratio (pm= -0.5, P<0.05), with corresponding adjusted Spearman correlation coefficient of -0.82 (P<0.001).

Conclusion: There was a positive linear dose-response relationship between VitA levels of newborns and pregnant women in third trimester, indicating that neonatal VitA storing levels at birth was affected by maternal VitA nutritional status.

Keywords: Neonate; Pregnant woman; Third trimester; Vitamin A.
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Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):570-577. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.026.
[Characteristic and Clinical Significance of microRNA Expression Between 144 Uygur and Han Women With Endometrial Carcinoma]
[Article in Chinese]
X Wang 1, D He 1, W T Li 2, S Adila 2, R Han 1, Y Dong 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541994
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.026Free article

Abstract


Objective: To compare the expression patterns of microRNA (miRNA) between 144 Uygur and Han women with endometrial carcinoma and to investigate their clinical significance.

Methods: Taqman miRNA low-density array was used to compare miRNA profiles between Uygur and Han women with non-endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (NEEC). Five miRNAs were further analyzed in the 144 endometrial cancers including 62 Uygur and 82 Han samples via real-time PCR to determine their expression patterns.

Results: MiRNA expression profiles revealed that many miRNAs overexpressed or downregula-ted in one ethnic group, but did not express or changed slightly in the other ethnic group. Further detection in the 144 endometrial cancers showed that miR-141, miR-200a, and miR-205 overexpressed in both ethnic groups. In Uygur endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC), tumors with miR-141/200a overexpression tended to be more aggressive in behavior, whereas in the Han group, EEC with miR-200a overexpression was relative mild. However, the NEEC with miR-200a overexpression also had aggressive clinicopathologic features in the Han women. MiR-145 and miR-143 expressed differentially between Uygur and Han groups, they overexpressed in the former and decreased in the latter (P<0.05). In the Uygur women miR-145/143 increased significantly in NEEC and there was a trend that NEEC exhibiting favorable clinicopathologic factors had higher miR-145 expression, and was statistically significant in tumors with myometrial invasion less than 1/2 thickness (P=0.042). By contrary, miR-145/143 decreased in Han group and EEC with worse clinicopathologic variables had lower expression although without statistical significance. NEEC in Han group had no such tendency.

Conclusion: Uygur and Han women might have different miRNA expression profiles. MiR-141/200a/205 overexpressed in endometrial carcinomas and miR-141/200a might behave differently between these two ethnic groups as well as in EEC and in NEEC. Although miR-145/143 showed inverse expression patterns between Uygur and Han women with endometrial cancer, they all exerted tumor suppression effect on endometrial cancer.

Keywords: Carcinoma, endometrioid; Endometrial carcinoma; MicroRNAs.
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Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):261-268.
[Enteral Nutrition Support Reduces Toxicity of Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Cancer]
[Article in Chinese]
Z W Sun 1, J Jia 1, Y Yang 1, C L Liu 1, Y J Xiao 1, J Yu 1, X D Zhang 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32306008Free article

Abstract


Objective: To assess the impact of enteral nutrition support on response and toxicity of the first-line chemotherapy in those patients with advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer.

Methods: We collected the clinical data of 118 patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer who received the first-line chemotherapy in our center from July 2014 to December 2016. All these 118 esophageal cancer patients were then divided into two groups: the nutrition group (received enteral nutrition support in addition to chemotherapy) and the control group (received chemotherapy only). Differences were analyzed before and after chemotherapy in each of the nutritional indicators including Karnofsky performance status (KPS), weight, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (Hb), number of lymphocytes (Lymph), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) in both groups. And differences of the efficacy and toxicities of the first-line chemotherapy between the two groups were also analyzed.

Results: (1) Weight, BMI and Hb were all significantly decreased after chemotherapy in the control group (P<0.001), while there was no significant change of weight and BMI in the nutrition group, just with Hb decrease only. However, there was no significant change of all the other nutrition indicators after chemotherapy in both groups. (2) Compared with the control group, the nutrition group had significantly lower incidence of grade 3 to 4 hematologic toxicities after chemotherapy (15.4% vs. 42.1%, P=0.004). In addition, the incidence of grade 3 to 4 nonhematologic toxicities after chemotherapy was also lower in the nutrition group but without statistical significance (0 vs. 9.2%, P=0.123). Logistic regression model was then used for multivariate analysis to identify the factors that affected the toxicity of chemotherapy in these patients, and the results showed that nutrition therapy was an independent influencing factor of grade 3 or higher hematological toxicity after chemotherapy in the patients with esophageal cancer (P=0.008, RR=6.048, 95%CI: 1.589-23.027). (3) The response rate of chemotherapy between the control group and the nutrition group had not significant difference.

Conclusion: Enteral nutrition support in addition to chemotherapy could improve nutrition status and reduce toxicity of chemotherapy in advanced or metastatic esophageal cancer patients.
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38
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):332-338.
[Effect of Vertical Soft Tissue Thickness on Clinical Manifestation of Peri-Implant Tissue in Patients With Periodontitis]
[Article in Chinese]
Z Zhang 1, H X Meng 1, J Han 1, L Zhang 1, D Shi 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32306019Free article

Abstract


Objective: To observe and investigate the effect of vertical soft tissue thickness on the peri-implant tissue condition and the prevalence of peri-implant disease in patients with history of periodontitis.

Methods: Among 210 patients who showed initial interest of implant therapy, 92 patients were included in this study and received implant surgery during 2010 and 2015. Sixty-six patients with 66 implants finally came back for T2 evaluation. Prior to the implant therapy, all the patients had received periodontal treatment. During the implant placement surgery, the distance from palatal soft tissue edge to the alveolar crest, which was defined as vertical soft tissue thickness (VT), was measured after the buccal full thickness flap was elevated. According to the cut off point which was adopted from the operating characteristic curve, 66 implants within 66 patients were divided into two groups, which were called normal group (VT≤4.5 mm) and thick group (VT>4.5 mm), respectively. Information of the patient's general status, periodontal situation and implant information were recorded. After a follow-up period of 42.9 months, the parameters of peri-implant tissue and condition of peri-implant disease were recorded. Mann-Whitney U test as well as Chi-square test were used to compare the parameters between two groups. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier method was chosen to draw the event(peri-implantitis)-free survival curve.

Results: The survival rate of the implants was 100%. At the end of the follow-up examination(T2), the parameters including max PDi, mean PDi, max BIi, mean BIi, mean MBL, MBL at distal side, MBL at mesial side, mean PLIi presented significantly higher values in thick group than in normal group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the prevalence of peri-implantitis and peri-implant disease (peri-implant mucositis & peri-implantitis) in thick group was respectively 34.8% and 73.9%, which was significantly higher than 2.3% and 48.8% respectively in normal group (P<0.05). The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis did not show significant difference in the two groups. In addition, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was significant difference between the event-free survivals of the two groups.

Conclusion: The vertical soft tissue thickness around implants in patients with periodontitis has a significant effect on the health of the peri-implant tissue. Excessive vertical soft tissue thickness may result in deeper peri-implant probing depth as well as more peri-implant marginal bone loss, and eventually increase the risk of peri-implant disease. The vertical remodeling of soft tissue may be a new direction to indicate the role of periodontitis in peri-implant tissue condition. Moreover, the biological mechanism of the association between soft tissue thickness and peri-implantitis risk as well as effective approaches to prevent the adverse effect of excessive soft tissue thickness on peri-implant tissue is necessary to be investigated.
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. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):457-463. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.010.
[Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Fecal Metabolome in Rats After Oral Administration for 90 Days]
[Article in Chinese]
S Han 1, Z J Chen 1, D Zhou 1, P Zheng 1, J H Zhang 1, G Jia 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541978
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.010Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore the effects and related mechanisms of oral exposure titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) for 90 days on the intestinal and the gut microbiota of rats, through fecal metabolomics.

Methods: Twelve 4-week-old clean-grade Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly de-vided into 2 groups by body weight, treated with TiO2 NPs at dose of 0 or 50 mg/kg body weight everyday respectively for 90 days. The solution of each infection was freshly prepared and shocked fully by ultrasonic. Characterization of the particle size, crystal form, purity, and specific surface area of TiO2 NPs was conducted. And the fresh feces of the rats were collected on the 90th day. After lyophilized and hydrophilic phase extraction, ultra performance liquid chromatography-Q-exactive orbitrap-high-resolution mass spectrometry system (UPLC-QEMS) was utilized for non-targeted determination of fecal meta-bolites. The metabolites were identified and labeled through Compound Discoverer 3.0 software, and used for subsequent metabolomics analysis. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out including unsupervised principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis for the differential metabolites between the two groups. The differential metabolites were followed-up for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis.

Results: Compared with the control group, the body weight of the rats was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the treatment group. A total of 22 metabolites in fecal metabolomics showed significant changes. Among them, xanthine, 1-methyladenine, 3-hydroxypyridine, methionine sulfoxide, pyridoxine, 1,5-isoquinolinediol, N-acetylornithine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, L-citrulline, L-methionine, leucine, DL-tryptophan, L-ornithine, 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol, and L-glutamic acid totaled 15 metabolites increased significantly. N-acetylhistamine, D-pipecolinic acid, imidazolelactic acid, L-valine, 2,3,4,6-tetramethylpyrazine, caprolactam, and histamine totaled 7 metabolites decreased significantly. N-acetylhistamine, L-valine and methionine sulfoxide were changed more than 16 times. Analysis of KEGG pathway revealed that the two metabolic pathways arginine biosynthesis and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were significantly changed (false discover rate < 0.05, pathway impact > 0.1).

Conclusion: Oral exposure to TiO2 NPs for 90 days could disrupt the metabolism of the intestine and gut microbiota, causing significant changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways which were related to inflammatory response, oxidative stress, glucose homeostasis, blood system and amino acid homeostasis in rat feces. It is suggested that the toxic effect of TiO2 NPs on rats may be closely related to intestinal and gut microbiota metabolism.

Keywords: Feces; Metabolomics; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
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40
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):290-297.
[Analysis of Risk Factors for Necrosis of Femoral Head After Internal Fixation Surgery in Young and Mid-Aged Patients With Femoral Neck Fracture]
[Article in Chinese]
B C Liu 1, C Sun 1, Y Xing 1, F Zhou 1, Y Tian 1, H Q Ji 1, Z S Zhang 1, Y Guo 1, Y Lv 1, Z W Yang 1, G J Hou 1, S Gao 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32306013Free article

Abstract


Objective: To retrospectively analyze the risk factors of avascular necrosis of femoral head (ANFH) after internal fixation in young and mid-aged adults.

Methods: From January 2007 to December 2017, femoral neck fracture patients (18-60 years old) treated by reduction and internal fixation were retrospectively studied in Peking University Third Hospital. We recorded their gender, age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade, reason of injury, fracture side, interval between injury and surgery, location of fracture line, Garden classification, Pauwels classification, reduction method (open or closed), internal fixation and reduction quality. The diagnosis of ANFH was confirmed based on X-ray and MRI images during the follow-up. The internal fixation method included cannulated compression screw (CCS) or dynamic hip screw (DHS, with or without anti-rotation screw). χ2 test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the various factors and postoperative ANFH.

Results: A total of 113 patients were included in this study, including 63 males and 50 females with an average age of (43.17 ± 12.34) years. They were followed up by (25.08 ± 16.17) months. ASA grade included grade I (21 cases), grade II (55 cases) and grade III (37 cases). The reasons of injury included low-energy trauma (76 cases) and high-energy (37 cases). The fracture line included subcapital type (37 cases), transverse type (74 cases) and basal type (2 cases). Garden classification included type I (3 cases), type II (46 cases), type III (39 cases) and type IV (25 cases). Pauwels classification included type I (21 cases), type II (55 cases) and type III (37 cases). Interval between injury and surgery was (3.88 ± 3.66) days, 108 patients and 5 patients performed closed and open reduction respectively. 63 patients performed CCS, and 50 patients performed DHS. The reduction quality included grade A (91 cases), grade B (18 cases) and grade C (4 cases). 18 patients developed ANFH after surgery, the incidence rate was 15.93% (18/113). The result of χ2 test showed the reason of injury (OR=0.19, P < 0.01), Garden classification (OR=0.13, P < 0.01), Pauwels classification (OR=0.12, P = 0.02), internal fixation method (OR=3.29, P = 0.04) and reduction quality (OR=0.33, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with ANFH. These five factors were further included into the Logistic regression analysis, and its results showed that the reason of injury (OR=4.11, P = 0.03) and Garden classification (OR=4.85, P = 0.04) were statistically significant.

Conclusion: The reason of injury, Garden classification, Pauwels classification, internal fixation and reduction quality may increase the risk of ANFH after surgery, and the reason of injury and Garden classification were much more significant.
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Case Reports
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):382-384.
[A Rare Case of Cystadenoma in the Small Intestine]
[Article in Chinese]
X Wang 1, Z X Li 2, H F Fan 1, L Y Wei 1, X J Guo 1, N Guo 1, T Wang 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32306027Free article

Abstract


In recent years, there have been more and more reports about cystadenoma. Cystadenoma can occur in many parts of the body, and cystadenoma in different parts may show different clinical symptoms, however, some patients with cystadenoma have no symptoms. The vast majority of cystadenomas are benign lesions, but a small number of cystadenomas can be malignant. For example, a small number of ovarian cystadenomas and pancreatic cystadenomas may be malignant. This study reported a patient with small intestinal cystadenoma diagnosed by pathology. The patient's physical examination revealed a lesion in the left upper abdomen. He had only abdominal distension and no other discomfort. His laboratory examination results were basically normal, i.e. blood routine, urine routine, stool routine, liver function, kidney function, myocardial enzyme, tumor marker, etc. The patient underwent sectional small intestine resection and the pathological sample was analyzed. The histological findings of the resected intestinal sample were consistent with cystadenoma. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen was performed 4 months after the surgery. No recurrence of the tumor was found. The patient recovered in good condition. By consulting the literature, I found very few reports of small intestinal cystadenoma before, it was very rare. This article described the clinical manifestation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of a case of small intestinal cystadenoma, it suggested that cystadenoma can occur in the small intestine, other than the ovary, pancreas, liver, lung, thyroid, prostate, seminal vesicle, skin, etc. The cystadenoma in small intestine is easy to be mistaken with other tumors, such as small intestine stromal tumor, small intestine adenocarcinoma, small intestine lipoma, small intestine hemangiomas, etc., and it is difficult to fully confirm through imaging examinations, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Laparotomy and histopathological examination are necessary before definitive diagnosis. This disease can be treated by small bowel resection at the affected region and good prognosis can be achieved.
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42
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):547-556. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.023.
[Safety of Biological Valves for Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis]
[Article in Chinese]
B Q Zeng 1, S Q Yu 1, Y Chen 1, W Zhai 2, B Liu 2, S Y Zhan 1, F Sun 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541991
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.023Free article

Abstract


Objective: To provide a comprehensive and contemporary overview of the long-term safety outcomes after aortic valve replacements (AVR) with conventional biological heart valve (stented or stentless).

Methods: English databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrial.gov) and Chinese databases (CNKI, VIP, WanFang, and SinoMed) were searched systemically from January 1, 2000 to January 26, 2019. Eligible randomized controlled trials, non-randomized clinical trials, cohort studies (retrospective or prospective), and unselected case series were included. Strict screening of the obtained literature was conducted to extract relevant data by two reviewers. Other inclusion criteria were studied reporting on outcomes of AVR with biological valves (stented or stentless), with or without coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or valve repair procedure, with mean follow-up length equal to or longer than 5 years. We excluded studies that reported only a specific patient group (e.g., patients with renal failure, or pregnancy), without the report of biological valve type, or with study population size less than 100. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software.

Results: In this study, 53 papers (in total 57 study groups) involving 47 803 patients were included. (1) The all-cause mortality was 6.33/100 patient-years (95%CI: 5.85-6.84). Subgroup analysis showed that the mortality rates of porcine and bovine valve prostheses were 5.69/100 patient-years (95%CI: 5.05-6.41) and 7.29/100 patient-years (95%CI: 6.53-8.13), respectively. The all-cause mortality rates for stented and stentless valve were 6.69/100 patient-years (95%CI: 6.12-7.30) and 5.21/100 patient-years (95%CI: 4.43-6.14), respectively. (2) The incidence rate of thromboembolism was 1.16/100 patient-years (95%CI: 0.96-1.40), the incidence rate of permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation was 1.08/100 patient-years (95%CI: 0.75-1.54), the incidence rate of stroke was 0.74/100 patient-years (95%CI: 0.51-1.06), the incidence rate of structural valve dysfunction (SVD) was 0.73/100 patient-years (95%CI: 0.59-0.91), the incidence rate of major bleeding was 0.52/100 patient-years (95%CI: 0.41-0.65), the incidence rate of endocarditis was 0.38/100 patient-years (95%CI: 0.33-0.44), and the incidence rate of non-structural valve dysfunction (NSVD) was 0.20/100 patient-years (95%CI: 0.13-0.31). The total reoperation rate for biological aortic valve was 0.77/100 patient-years (95%CI: 0.65-0.91), and the SVD related reoperation rate was 0.46/100 patient-years (95%CI: 0.36-0.58).

Conclusion: The all-cause mortality for conventional biological AVR was 6.33/100 patient-years. Thromboembolism, PPM implantation, reoperation, stroke, and SVD were major long term complications.

Keywords: Aortic valve replacement; Bioprosthesis; Meta-analysis; Systematic review.
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Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):492-499. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.015.
[Monitoring Metrics for Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Ozone and Pulmonary Function and Airway Inflammation in Healthy Young Adults]
[Article in Chinese]
J H Chen 1, D T Hu 1, X Jia 1, W Niu 1, F R Deng 1, X B Guo 1
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PMID: 32541983
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.015Free article

Abstract


Objective: To assess the associations of different monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient ozone (O3) with pulmonary function and airway inflammation in healthy young adults.

Methods: A total of 97 healthy young college students were recruited and followed in a panel study conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Each participant underwent 3 follow-up visits, and lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured at each visit. Ambient air pollutant concentrations were obtained from the environment monitoring station of Beijing closest to the participant residences, and meteorological data were collected from China Meteorological Data Service Center. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to assess the associations between different monitoring metrics for ambient O3 short-term exposure with pulmonary function or airway inflammation in the healthy young adults.

Results: During the study period, the P50 (P25, P75) values for ambient O3 concentration expressed as daily 1-hour maximum (O3-1 h max), daily maximum 8-hour average (O3-8 h max) and 24-hour average (O3-24 h avg) were 102.5 (76.8, 163.0) μg/m3, 91.1 (68.3, 154.3) μg/m3 and 61.6 (36.9, 81.7) μg/m3, respectively. The different monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient O3 were significantly associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and increased FeNO. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in 6-d moving average of O3-1 h max (IQR=71.5 μg/m3) was associated with a 6.2% (95%CI: －11.8%, －0.5%) decrease in FEV1 and a 63.3% (95%CI: 13.8%, 134.3%) increase in FeNO. An IQR increase in 7-d moving average of O3-8 h max (IQR=62.0 μg/m3) was associated with a 6.2% (95%CI: －11.6%, －0.7%) decrease in FEV1and a 75.5% (95%CI: 19.3%, 158.0%) increase in FeNO. An IQR increase in 5-d moving average of O3-24 h avg (IQR=32.9 μg/m3) was associated with a 3.7% (95%CI: －7.1%, －0.2%) decrease in FEV1and a 25.3% (95%CI: 3.6%, 51.6%) increase in FeNO. There was no significant association between the three monitoring metrics for O3 exposure and peak expiratory flow (PEF).

Conclusion: Short-term exposure to ambient O3 was associated with decreased lung function and increased airway inflammation among the healthy young adults, and daily 1-hour maximum was more sensitively to the respiratory effects of O3.

Keywords: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide; Lung function; Monitoring metrics; Ozone.
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Case Reports
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):378-381.
[Lower Limb Ischemia Cured by Stimulation Electrode Implantation Assisted With Microendoscopic Discectomy System: A Case Report]
[Article in Chinese]
Y L Qian 1, S Xu 1, H Y Liu 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32306026Free article

Abstract


A 58-year-old male patient diagnosed with thromboangiitis obliterans (Fontaine stage IV) was recently treated with microendoscope discectomy system-assisted spinal cord stimulation electrode implantation and cured by department of vascular surgery combined with department of spinal surgery at Peking University People's Hospital. The patient suffered from cold injury to the right foot 14 years ago, which was cold, painful, numb, and then the toe was ulcerated and gangrene. Only the right foot small toe was left. The right foot skin was swollen from the toe to the proximal segment 1 year ago, accompanied by resting pain. Both pain and autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation were ineffective. The above symptoms were aggravated three months ago, and the pain was severe. The visual analogue score was 10 points. A high amputation of the left lower extremity was performed 30 years ago due to trauma. Physical examination: the bilateral femoral artery was weak, and the right radial artery, posterior tibial artery, and dorsal artery were not touched. Buerger sign (+). Auxiliary examination: angiography of both lower extremities showed complete occlusion of the bilateral external iliac artery and its distal end. The percutaneous oxygen partial pressure was measured to be 30 mmHg on the right side of the iliac crest. The operation was performed under the local anesthesia. After X-ray positioning, the body projection of the lumbar vertebrae 1-2 lamina gap was marked. The skin had a 1.8 cm incision on the caudal side 2 cm from the mark. Then the dilators were used, and the working sleeve was tilted to the lumbar vertebrae 1-2 lamina gap. The microendoscope discectomy system was installed, the electrode was directly placed into the epidural space from the interlamina space under the microendoscope, the vascular surgeon adjusted the position of the electrode in the spinal canal under fluoroscopy, then connected the stimulator, adjusted the current until the patient had the lower limb fever, fixed electrode position, removed the microendoscope discectomy system after hemostasis under the microendoscope, used the guide needle to lead the electrode through the lumbar subcutaneous and then sutured the incision. After the operation, the electrode was connected to the temporary stimulator to stimulate for several minutes, the patient felt numbness in his lower limbs. In less than one hour, the skin temperature of the affected limb increased, and the painkiller could be stopped while sleeping. After 1 week, the skin temperature of the affected limb increased, and the percutaneous oxygen partial pressure of the foot and ankle was 36 mmHg, and the pain improved, and the score was reduced to 2 points. One month after surgery, the patient underwent permanent stimulator implantation. The pain disappeared after 3 months and half year of follow-up, and the score was reduced to 1 point. Microendoscope discectomy system-assisted spinal cord stimulation electrode implantation can complete the operation quickly, safely and effectively, and greatly reduce the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy and reduce the occurrence of complications.
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45
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):486-491. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.014.
[Associations of Distribution of Time Spent in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Obesity]
[Article in Chinese]
X N Na 1, Z Zhu 1, Y Y Chen 1, D P Wang 2, H J Wang 2, Y Song 2, X C Ma 1, P Y Wang 1, A P Liu 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541982
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.014Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore associations of distribution of time spent in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with obesity with taking account that time is finite during the day of adult residents in Wuhai City.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Wuhai City, and we carried out a sampling of local residents aged 18-79 by using multiple stratified cluster sampling method. Data about social demographic characteristics, time spent in PA and SB, diet intake, controlling situation of chronic disease and other covariates were obtained by qualified investigators for face-to-face questionnaire survey. Data about height, weight, and waist circumstance, were obtained by doctors in a secondary hospital or above for body measurements. The statistical method used in our study was known as compositional data analysis, which had been used to process compositional data in many fields. Liner regression analysis with compositional data was used to synthetically analyze the associations of distribution of time spent in PA and SB with obesity,and to investigate the effect of re-allocating time from one behavior to another one whilst the remaining one was kept stable.

Results: The investigation revealed the special advantage of compositional data analysis in processing time-use data. The result of liner regression analysis with the compositional data showed that after controlling the potential confounding factors, the associations of distribution of time spent in PA and SB was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI, P<0.001) and the negative natural logarithm of waist to height ratio (-lnWHtR, P<0.001). Among them, in professional population, the proportion of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was negatively correlated with -lnWHtR (β=-0.008, P=0.022), while the proportion of time spent in SB was positively correlated with BMI and -lnWHtR (β=0.117, P=0.003; β=0.007, P=0.005). However, in nonprofessional population, the proportion of time spent in MVPA was only negatively correlated with BMI (β=-0.079, P=0.041). Nevertheless, the proportion of time spent in low-intensity physical activity (LIPA) was not significantly associated with BMI and -lnWHtR in both professional and nonprofessional population. In addition, the effects of MVPA replacing another behavior and of MVPA being displaced by another behavior were not symmetrical, and 10 minutes of MVPA replacing LIPA or SB had a greater influence on intervention and prevention of obesity than 10 minutes MVPA being replaced by LIPA or SB.

Conclusion: The research has resulted in a solution of the associations of the distribution of time spent in PA, SB with health risk. Our results suggest that public health messages should target the health effects of the distribution of time of PA and SB synergistically in developing PA guidelines and health management practice, rather than simply increasing or decreasing the absolute time of PA or SB, so that we can provide scientific suggestions to make people get a profounder healthy effect.

Keywords: Compositional data analysis; Obesity; Physical activity; Sedentary behavior.
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46
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):451-456. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.009.
[Effect of Subchronic Combined Oral Exposure of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Glucose on Levels of Serum Folate and Vitamin B 12 in Young SD Rats]
[Article in Chinese]
Z J Chen 1, S Han 1, P Zheng 1, S P Zhou 2, G Jia 1
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PMID: 32541977
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.009Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore the effect of subchronic combined oral exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and glucose on levels of serum folate and vitamin B12 in young SD rats.

Methods: At first, the physical and chemical properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, such as particle size, shape, crystal form and agglomeration degree in solution system, were characterized in detail. Eighty 4-week-old young SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (10 rats in each group, half male and half female). The rats were exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles through intragastric administration at 0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight with or without 1.8 g/kg glucose daily for 90 days. At last, the concentrations of serum folate and vitamin B12 were detected.

Results: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were anatase crystals, closely spherical shape, with an average particle size of (24±5) nm. In male young rats, compared with the control group, the serum folate concentration was significantly increased when exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (10 mg/kg) and glucose. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, in female and male young rats, compared with glucose (1.8 g/kg) exposure group, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (50 mg/kg) and glucose significantly reduced the serum folate concentration. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Through statistical analysis of factorial design and calculation of interaction, obvious antagonistic effect was observed between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and glucose on the serum folate concentration in the young female SD rats. The combined oral exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and glucose had little effect on the concentration of serum vitamin B12 in the young SD rats, with no significant interaction between the two substances. It was only found that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (2 mg/kg) and glucose significantly increased the serum vitamin B12 concentration, compared with glucose (1.8 g/kg) exposure group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Subchronic combined oral exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and glucose had an obvious antagonistic effect on serum folate concentrations in young SD rats.

Keywords: Folic acid; Glucose; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Titanium dioxide nanoparticles; Vitamin B12.
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47
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):535-540. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.021.
[Occurrence Pattern of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Its Influencing Factors Among Manufacturing Workers]
[Article in Chinese]
F J Wang 1, X Jin 1, M Nazakat 1, Y D Dong 1, S J Wang 1 2, Z B Zhang 3, S F Yu 4, L Y Yang 5 6, L H He 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541989
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.021Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore the occurrence pattern and its influencing factors of multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of the main affected body sites among manufacturing workers.

Methods: Musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire was adopted to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs and the influencing factors among workers from four manufacturing factories in China. The case of WMSDs was defined as the one who had symptoms such as pain, numbness, discomfort, or limitation of activities in one or more of the nine body sites, including neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand, upper back, lower back, hip/thigh, knee and ankle/foot during the last year, which lasted for more than 24 hours and did not completely relieve after rest. Besides, trauma, disability, other acute injuries or sequelae were excluded. The correlation of WMSDs between different body sites was estimated by the prevalence ratio (PR) calculated by log-binominal model. The influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs of the main affected body sites were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression model.

Results: The overall prevalence rate of WMSDs was 79.7% among the manufacturing workers. The main affected body sites were lower back, neck, shoulder and upper back, of which the prevalence rates were 62.3%, 55.7%, 45.6%, and 38.7%, respectively. The PR values of WMSDs among these sites were relatively high. The prevalence of multi-site WMSDs involving these four sites at the same time was 25.2%, and that of three to four sites was 41.4%. Multinomial Logistic regression analysis suggested that influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs in 3-4 sites of neck, shoulder, upper back and lower back involved several aspects. Among these factors, females (OR=2.86, 95%CI 2.38-3.33) and individuals with job tenure of 15-19 years (OR=1.87, 95%CI 1.49-2.34) might have higher risk of disease. Biomechanical factors, such as often bending neck forward or holding neck in a forward position for long periods (OR=2.15, 95%CI 1.86-2.48), often twisting neck or holding neck in a twisted position for long periods (OR=1.64, 95%CI 1.40-1.92) and often twisting trunk heavily (OR=1.40, 95%CI 1.20-1.64) might be risk factors. In the aspect of work organization, doing the same work every day (OR=1.73, 95%CI 1.44-2.08), shortage of workers (OR=1.50, 95%CI 1.31-1.71) and often working overtime (OR=1.38, 95%CI 1.20-1.60) might increase the risk of disease. Factors, such as often standing for long periods at work (OR=0.77, 95%CI 0.65-0.91) and feeling breaks sufficient (OR=0.51, 95%CI 0.44-0.59) were suggested to be protective factors with OR<1.

Conclusion: The pre-valence rates of WMSDs in neck, shoulder, upper back, and lower back were high among manufacturing workers in this study. The correlation of WMSDs of these four sites was close in this study, and the comorbidity rate of 3-4 sites of these sites was relatively high, suggesting that there might be a multi-site occurrence pattern of WMSDs in "neck-shoulder-upper back-lower back" among manufacturing workers. The main influencing factors of this pattern included individual factors, biomechanical factors and work organization factors.

Keywords: Manufacturing industry; Musculoskeletal disorders; Risk factors.
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48
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):470-478. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.012.
[Relationship Between Serum Vitamin E Concentration in First Trimester and the Risk of Developing Hypertension Disorders Complicating Pregnancy]
[Article in Chinese]
W Y Meng 1, W T Huang 2, J Zhang 2, M Y Jiao 3, L Jin 4, L Jin 2
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541980
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.012Free article

Abstract


Objective: To investigate the incidence of hypertension disorders complicating pregnancy (HDCP) and vitamin E (VE) nutritional status among pregnant women in Beijing, and to determine the relationship between serum VE concentration in the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of developing HDCP.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed including 22 283 cases of pregnant women who underwent singleton deliveries in Tongzhou Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Beijing from January 2016 through December 2018 and received tests of serum VE concentrations in the first trimester of pregnancy. Nonconditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between serum VE concentration levels and the risk of developing HDCP.

Results: The total incidence of HDCP was 5.4%, with the incidence of gestational hypertension around 2.1% and the incidence of preeclampsia-eclampsia around 3.3%. The median concentration of serum VE in early pregnancy was 10.1 (8.8-11.6) mg/L, and 99.7% of the participants had normal serum VE concentrations. The incidence of gestational hypertension and that of preeclampsia-eclampsia had been annually increasing in three years; a linear-by-linear association had also been observed between the serum VE concentrations and the years of delivery. According to the results of the univariable and the multivariable Logistic regression analyses, higher risks of developing HDCP had been observed among women with higher serum VE concentrations. Compared to those with serum VE concentrations in interquartile range (P25-P75) of all the participants, the women whose serum VE concentrations above P75 were at higher risks to be attacked by HDCP (OR = 1.34, P < 0.001), gestational hypertension (OR = 1.39, P = 0.002), or preeclampsia-eclampsia (OR = 1.34, P = 0.001), as suggested by the results of the multivariable Logistic regression model analyses. In addition, the women with serum VE concentrations of 11.2 mg/L or above had a significantly higher risk of developing HDCP than those whose serum VE concentrations of P40-P60 of all the participants, and this risk grew higher as serum VE concentrations in the first trimester of pregnancy increased.

Conclusion: Women in Beijing are at good nutritional status. From January 2016 to December 2018, the incidence of HDCP increased with serum VE concentration level, and serum VE concentration of 11.2 mg/L is an indicator of an increased risk of developing HDCP, suggesting that pregnant women should take nutritional supplements containing VE carefully.

Keywords: Cohort study; Eclampsia; Hypertension; Pregnancy; Vitamin E.
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49
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):420-424. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.004.
[Risks Factors for Death Among COVID-19 Patients Combined With Hypertension, Coronary Heart Disease or Diabetes]
[Article in Chinese]
H Yang 1, L C Yang 2, R T Zhang 2, Y P Ling 1, Q G Ge 3
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541972
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.004Free article

Abstract


Objective: The pathogenesis of myocardial injury upon corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection remain unknown,evidence of impact on outcome is insufficient, therefore, we aim to investigate the risk factors for death among COVID-19 patients combined with hypertension, coronary heart disease or diabetes in this study.

Methods: This was a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Patients of Sino-French Eco-City section of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China attended by Peking University Supporting Medical Team and admitted from Jan. 29, 2020 to Mar. 20, 2020 were included. The positive nucleic acid of COVID-19 virus and combination with hypertension, coronary heart disease or diabetes were in the standard. We collected the clinical data and laboratory examination results of the eligible patients to evaluate the related factors of death.

Results: In the study, 94 COVID-19 patients enrolled were divided into the group of death (13 cases) and the group of survivors (81 cases), the average age was 66.7 years. Compared with the survival group, the death group had faster basal heart rate(103.2 beats/min vs. 88.4 beats /min, P=0.004), shortness of breath(29.0 beats /min vs. 20.0 beats /min, P<0.001), higher neutrophil count(9.2×109/L vs. 3.8×109/L, P<0.001), lower lymphocyte count(0.5×109/L vs. 1.1×109/L, P<0.001), creatine kinase MB(CK-MB, 3.2 μg/L vs. 0.8 μg/L, P<0.001), high sensitivity cardiac troponin Ⅰ(hs-cTnⅠ, 217.2 ng/L vs. 4.9 ng/L, P<0.001), N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP; 945.0 μg/L vs. 154.0 μg/L, P<0.001), inflammatory factor ferritin(770.2 μg/L vs. 622.8 μg/L , P=0.050), interleukin-2 recepter(IL-2R, 1 586.0 U/mL vs. 694.0 U/mL, P<0.001), interleukin-6(IL-6, 82.3 ng/L vs. 13.0 ng/L, P<0.001), interleukin-10(IL-10, 9.8 ng/L vs. 5.0 ng/L, P<0.001)were higher than those in the survival group. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for death were old age, low non oxygen saturation, low lymphocyte count, myocardial injury, abnormal increase of IL 2R, IL-6, and IL-10. Multivariate regression showed that old age (OR=1.11, 95%CI=1.03-1.19, P=0.026), low non oxygen saturation(OR=0.85, 95%CI=0.72-0.99, P=0.041), and abnormal increase of IL-10(＞9.1 ng/L, OR=101.93, 95%CI=4.74-2190.71, P=0.003)were independent risk factors for COVID-19 patients combined with hypertension, coronary heart disease or diabetes.

Conclusion: In COVID-19 patients combined with hypertension, coronary heart disease or diabetes, the risk factors for death were old age, low non oxygen saturation, low lymphocyte count, myocardial injury, and abnormal increase of IL-2R, IL-6, and IL-10. Old age, low non oxygen saturation and abnormal increase of IL-10 were independent risk factors.

Keywords: COVID-19; Coronary heart disease; Diabetes; Hypertension; Risk factors.
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50
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):514-520. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.018.
[Predictive Value of Vascular Health Indicators on Newly Cardiovascular Events: Preliminary Validation of Beijing Vascular Health Stratification System]
[Article in Chinese]
H Liu 1 2, Y D He 3, J B Liu 1 2, W Huang 1, N Zhao 1, H W Zhao 1, X H Zhou 2 3, H Y Wang 1 2
Affiliations expand
PMID: 32541986
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.018Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore the predictive value of carotid femoral artery pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV), carotid radial artery pulse wave velocity (CR-PWV), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and ankle brachial index (ABI) on coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebral infarction (CI), and the preliminary validation of Beijing vascular health stratification (BVHS).

Methods: Subjects with at least 2 in-patient records were included into the study between 2010 and 2017 from Vascular Medicine Center of Peking University Shougang Hospital. Subjects with CHD or CI, and without data of vascular function at baseline were excluded. Eventually, 467 subjects free of CHD [cohort 1, mean age: (63.4±12.3) years, female 42.2%] and 658 subjects free of CI [cohort 2, mean age: (64.3±12.2) years, female 48.7%] at baseline were included. The first in-patient records were as the baseline data, the second in-patient records were as a following-up data. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to establish the predictive models of CHD or CI derived from BVHS by multivariable-adjusted analysis.

Results: The median follow-up time of cohort 1 and cohort 2 was 1.9 years and 2.1 years, respectively. During the follow-up, 164 first CHD events occurred in cohort 1 and 117 first CI events occurred in cohort 2. Four indicators were assessed as continuous variables simultaneously by multivariable-adjusted analysis. In cohort 1, CF-PWV, CR-PWV, ABI, and CAVI reached statistical significance in the multivariable-adjusted models (P<0.05). In cohort 2, only CAVI (P<0.05) was of statistical significance. In addition, the higher CF-PWV became a protector of CHD or CI (P<0.05). The prediction value of BVHS reached the statistical significance for CHD and CI in the unadjusted models (all P<0.05), however, BVHS could only predict the incidence of CHD (P<0.05), but not the incidence of CI (P>0.05) in the multivariable-adjusted models. CF-PWV, CR-PWV, ABI, and CAVI were associated factors of CHD independent of each other (P<0.05), only CAVI (P<0.05) was the risk factor of CI independent of the other three.

Conclusion: The different vascular indicators might have different effect on CHD or CI. CAVI might be a stable predictor of both CHD and CI. Higher baseline CF-PWV was not necessarily a risk factor of CHD or CI because of proper vascular health management. BVHS was a potential factor for the prediction of CHD, and further research is needed to explore the prediction value for CI.

Keywords: Beijing vascular health stratification; Cardiovascular disease; Cohort studies; Risk factors.
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51
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):578-581. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.027.
[Effects of Ulnar Styloid and Sigmoid Notch Fractures on Postoperative Wrist Function of Patients With Distal Radius Fracture]
[Article in Chinese]
P Zhang 1 2, B Jia 3, X K Chen 3, Y Wang 3, W Huang 1 2, R J Lai 3, Z W Wang 3, J Xiong 2 3, T B Wang 1 2 3
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PMID: 32541995
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.027Free article

Abstract


Objective: To study the effects of ulnar styloid and sigmoid notch fractures on postoperative wrist function in patients with distal radius fracture.

Methods: In total, 139 patients treated for distal radius fracture in the Department of Orthopedic Trauma at Peking University People's Hospital from Jan. 2006 to June 2016 were selected for outpatient follow-ups. Evaluation was based on Sartiento's modification of the Gartland and Werley scores. Efficacy was assessed with wrist pain as the focus.

Results: The excellent and good efficacy rate was 97.1% (excellent: n=107, 77.0%; good: n=28, 19.4%; and fair: n=4, 2.9%). Gender, age, and whether the ulnar styloid fracture achieved union did not significantly impact the scores (P>0.05). The scores of the basal fracture group were significantly different (P=0.001). Internal fixation of ulnar styloid fracture was associated with a significant difference in scores (P=0.005). The effect of sigmoid notch fracture was also associated with a significant difference in scores (P=0.024). This study included 22 cases of ulnar wrist pain, and the overall incidence of ulnar wrist pain was 15.8%. Gender, age, whether the ulnar styloid fracture achieved union, and whether internal fixation was conducted for ulnar styloid fracture and sigmoid notch fracture had no significant effect on the occurrence of ulnar wrist pain (P>0.05). The incidence of ulnar wrist pain was higher in basal fractures than that in tip fractures. Among ulnar styloid fractures, the union rate of basal fracture was higher than that of tip fractures. The union rates of basal fracture and tip fracture were significantly different (P<0.001). Basal fractures were significant risk factors for ulnar wrist pain (P=0.028). Basal fracture of the ulnar styloid group and sigmoid notch fracture group had poor wrist function scores. Wrist function score improved significantly after internal fixation of ulnar styloid fracture. The incidence of ulnar wrist pain was higher in basal fracture group. The union rate in basal fracture group was higher than in tip fracture group.

Conclusion: The overall effect of surgical treatment of distal radius fracture is satisfactory. Ulnar styloid basal fracture and sigmoid notch fracture are risk factors for postoperative wrist dysfunction in patients with distal radius fracture, and the basal fracture is one of the risk factors of ulnar wrist pain. The union rate of ulnar styloid basal fractures is better than that of tip fractures. Internal fixation of ulnar styloid fracture can improve wrist function.

Keywords: Distal radius fracture; Sigmoid notch; Ulnar styloid fracture; Ulnar wrist pain.
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52
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):362-367.
[Effect of Convection Enhanced Delivery on the Microstructure of Brain Extracellular Space in Aged Rats]
[Article in Chinese]
Y Song 1 2, H B Han 2 3 4, J Yang 5, A B Wang 3 4, Q Y He 3 4, Y Y Li 3 4, G M Zhao 3 4, Y J Gao 3 4, R Wang 3 4, Y X Han 3 4, A L Liu 1, Q W Song 1
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PMID: 32306023Free article

Abstract


Objective: To compare the changes of extracellular space (ECS) structure and local drug distribution in adult brain and aged brain at different drug delivery rates in minimally invasive treatment of encephalopathy by convection enhanced delivery (CED) via ECS pathway.

Methods: Thirty-six SD male rats were divided into adult rats group (2-8 months, n=18) and aged rats group (18-24 months, n=18) according to the age of the month. According to the drug rates (0.1 μL/min, 0.2 μL/min, and 0.3 μL/min), they were randomly divided into 3 subgroups, 6 in each subgroup. Gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) with a concentration of 10 mmol/L were introduced into the caudate nucleus of each group of rats by stereotactic injection. Tracer-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to dynamically monitor the diffusion and distribution images of the Gd-DTPA in the brain interstitial system (ISS). Using the self-developed MRI image measurement and analysis system software to process and analyze the obtained images, the diffusion coefficient, clearance rate, volume fraction, and half-life of each group of rats in the caudate nucleus ECS could be acquired. The effects and differences of drug clearance and ECS structural function in the brain of aged rats and adult rats were compared and analyzed at different drug delivery rates. Magnetic tracer DECS-mapping technique was used to observe the distribution and drainage of tracer in caudate nucleus.

Results: At the injection rate of 0.1 μL/min, the volume fraction in the aged rats was increased compared with that in the adult rats (18.20%±0.04% vs. 17.20%±0.03%, t=3.752, P=0.004), and the degree of tortuosity was decreased (1.63±0.04 vs. 1.78±0.09, t=-3.680, P=0.004), the drug clearance rate was decreased [(1.94±0.68) mm2/s vs. (3.25±0.43) mm2/s, t=-3.971, P=0.003], and the molecular diffusion in ECS was increased [(3.99±0.21)×10-4 mm2/s vs. (3.36±0.37)×10-4 mm2/s, t=3.663, P=0.004]. When the rate of injection increased to 0.2 μL/min, the drug clearance in ECS of the aged rats was slowed down [(2.53±0.45) mmol/L vs. (3.37±0.72) mmol/L, t=-1.828, P=0.021]. However, there were no significant differences in volume fraction, molecular diffusion in ECS and macroscopic drug metabolism parameters. When the rate of injection increased to 0.3 μL/min, the volume fraction in the aged rats was decreased (17.20%±0.03% vs. 18.20%±0.05%, t=-0.869, P=0.045), and the drug clearance rate in ECS was significantly accelerated [(4.04±0.76) mmol/L vs. (3.26±0.55) mmol/L, t=1.786, P=0.014], and there was no significant difference in tortuosity and the rate of molecular diffusion in the ECS.

Conclusion: The drug clearance and ECS structural parameters of brain ECS in aged brain with CED administration were changed at different rates, and it has the least effect on ECS in the aged brain at the injection rate of 0.2 μL/min. For the application of CED for the treatment of encephalopathy, we should consider the influence of factors such as age and injection rate, and provide reference for the development of individualized clinical treatment plan for minimally invasive treatment of encephalopathy via ECS pathway.
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53
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Apr 18;52(2):234-239.
[Clinical Value of Serum Isoform [-2] Proprostate-Specific Antigen and Its Derivatives in Predicting Aggressive Prostate Cancer]
[Article in Chinese]
K X Sun 1, C L Yan 1, Z Y Li 1, P Liu 1, W Zhang 1, Q He 1
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PMID: 32306004Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore the clinical value of serum isoform [-2] proprostate-specific antigen (p2PSA) and its derivatives %p2PSA and prostate health index (PHI) in predicting aggressive prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: The pre-operation serum and basic clinical data of 322 patients with PCa (including 143 patients diagnosed with PCa by transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy and 179 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy) in Peking University First Hospital were collected from August 2015 to May 2018. Serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free prostate antigen (fPSA) and fPSA/tPSA (f/t) and the p2PSA level of all these patients were measured on automatic immune analyzers DxI800, and then %p2PSA and PHI were calculated. The prostate pathologic result was considered as the gold standard to evaluate the Gleason score of the patients with PCa. Receiver operator curves (ROC) were used to assess the ability of p2PSA, %p2PSA and PHI to predict aggressive PCa (pathologic Gleason score≥7) compared with those traditional markers tPSA, fPSA and f/t.

Results: Among these patients, the p2PSA, %p2PSA and PHI median levels were significantly higher in patients with pathologic Gleason score≥7 than those with Gleason score<7 (p2PSA: 30.22 ng/L vs. 18.33 ng/L; %p2PSA: 2.50 vs. 1.27; PHI: 91.81 vs. 35.44; all P<0.01). The area under curve (AUC) of %p2PSA and PHI (0.770, 0.760) in predicting Gleason score≥7 were higher than those of the traditional indicators tPSA, fPSA and f/t (AUC were 0.648, 0.536 and 0.693, respectively). Among those patients diagnosed with PCa by transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, the AUC of %p2PSA and PHI (AUC were 0.808 and 0.801, respectively) in predicting Gleason score≥7 were higher than those of the traditional indicators tPSA, fPSA and f/t (AUC were 0.729, 0.655 and 0.665 respectively). Among those patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, PHI and %p2PSA also had the trend of higher predictive value than those of the traditional indicators. The AUC of %p2PSA and PHI were 0.798 and 0.744, respectively while the AUC of tPSA, fPSA and f/t were 0.625, 0.507 and 0.697, respectively.

Conclusion: Compared with traditional markers tPSA, fPSA and f/t, %p2PSA and PHI had much higher predictive value for aggressive PCa, which may help clinicians to evaluate the therapeutic regime and make more appropriate management plan for the patients.
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54
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):527-534. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.020.
[Epidemiological Study of Bone and Joint Injury Based on Urban Medical Insurance Database]
[Article in Chinese]
S W Deng 1, Z Y Chen 2, Z K Liu 1, J Wang 2, L Zhuo 3, S Q Gao 4, J K Yu 2, S Y Zhan 1
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PMID: 32541988
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.020Free article

Abstract


Objective: To estimate the prevalence rate of bone and joint injury in China and to describe the three-dimension distribution of the disease (area, time and people).

Methods: Based on a cross-sectional design, a retrospective study was conducted by using Chinese basic medical insurance database from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017 to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of bone and joint injury. The prevalence rate of bone and joint injury in each city was calculated, and then using meta-analyses to estimate the pooled prevalence of each area and the whole country. The pooled prevalence rates were compared among the different groups of populations, in terms of geographical area, time and population characteristics (age and gender).

Results: A total of 28 419 264 subjects were included in this study, including 705 793 patients with bone and joint injury. From 2013 to 2017, in Chinese basic medical insurance database, the overall prevalence rate of bone and joint injury was 141.5(95%CI: 90.4－203.7) per 10 000 population, and the prevalence rates of non-specific or polyarticular disease, knee disease, and shoulder disease were 101.6 (95%CI: 63.5－148.4)per 10 000 population, 22.5(95%CI:15.1－31.4)per 10 000 population and 10.9 (95%CI: 6.4－16.4)per 10 000 population. The prevalence rates varied across the areas, the highest rate was observed in North China, with the prevalence of 310.6 (95%CI: 12.6－989.7) per 10 000 population, and the lowest rate was observed in Southwest China, with the prevalence of 59.0 (95%CI: 37.5－85.2) per 10 000 population. The prevalence rate of bone and joint injury increased over the study period, from 111.1 (95%CI: 56.0－182.5)per 10 000 population in 2013 to 175.5 (95%CI: 116.8－245.5)per 10 000 population in 2017. The prevalence of bone and joint injury in the female population was 149.1 (95%CI: 94.2－215.9) per 10 000 population, which was higher than that of men [133.6(95%CI: 86.2－190.9) per 10 000 population]. The higher prevalence of knee disease, unspecified or polyarticular disease, and bone and joint injury were observed in people aged 60 years and older, while the prevalence of shoulder disease peaked in 40－59 years old people [20.6 (95%CI: 12.5－30.5) per 10 000 population].

Conclusion: This study reported a relative low prevalence of bone and joint injury in China from 2013 to 2017. The prevalence increased over the study period, and the highest prevalence rate was observed in North China. The prevalence rate showed differences among different groups of populations, and higher rates were observed in females and people aged 60 years and older.

Keywords: Disease; Epidemiology; Injury; Joint; Prevalence rate.
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55
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):414-419. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.003.
[Infection Prevention and Control of Bedside Blood Purification Treatment in Patients With COVID-19]
[Article in Chinese]
M L Chen 1, Y Gao 1 2, W Guo 3, L Zuo 4, T B Wang 3
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PMID: 32541971
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.003Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore the infection prevention and control strategy of bedside blood purification treatment in corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) isolation ward, and to evaluate the effect of infection prevention and control management measures.

Methods: We summarized and analyzed the clinical features, infection status, outcome and infection prevention and control measures of bedside blood purification treatment patients in COVID-19 isolation ward from February 8, 2020 to March 31, 2020, analyzed the COVID-19 cross-infection between the patients and medical staffs, and the blood-borne pathogens cross-infection situation between the patients, and analyzed the effect of bundle prevention and control measures in controlling the occurrence and spread of cross-infection.

Results: A total of 101 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized in this COVID-19 isolation ward, of whom 10 patients (9.90%) received bedside blood purification treatment and the blood purification treatment method was continuous hemodialysis filtration (CVVHDF), and the 10 patients received 79 times of blood purification treatment in total. The prevention and control management measures adopted included divisional isolation, patient behavior isolation and patient placement, operator personal protection and hand hygiene, dialysis waste fluid disposal, isolation room air purification, object surfaces, medical devices and medical fabrics dis-infection management. There were no occurrence and spread of COVID-19 in the medical healthcare workers and blood-borne pathogens cross-infection in the patients. And all the twice throat swabs (two sampling interval > 1 day) of the medical staffs in COVID-19 virus nucleic acid test were negative. The 2 suspected COVID-19 patients' throat swab virus nucleic acid test and the COVID-19 IgG, IgM were always both negative, the chest CT showed no viral pneumonia.

Conclusion: Bedside blood purification treatment in the COVID-19 isolation ward, the occurrence and spread of healthcare associated infection can be effectively controlled through effective infection prevention and control management, including divisional isolation, patient behavior isolation and patient placement, operator personal protection and hand hygiene, dialysis waste fluid disposal, isolation room's air purification, object surfaces, medical devices and medical fabrics disinfection, which can provide experience for diagnosis, treatment and prevention and control of patients in the respiratory infectious disease ward.

Keywords: Bedside blood purification treatment; COVID-19; Infection prevention and control; Isolation ward.
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56
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):500-505. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.16.
[Research on Equity and Influencing Factors of Disability Among Chinese Middle-Aged and Old People]
[Article in Chinese]
Z B Wang 1, Z J Zheng 1
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PMID: 32541984
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.16Free article

Abstract


Objective: To evaluate disability status and equity of the middle-aged and old population in China, and to explore the influencing factors contributing to the inequity of disability.

Methods: This study was based on data collected from the first wave survey (2007-2010) of World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). Concentration index (CI) and concentration curve were calculated to measure the economic-related inequity of disability among the Chinese middle-aged and old people. The CI was further decomposed in which the attributions of social and individual determinants were calculated.

Results: The mean score of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Sche-dule (WHODAS) was 7.32 among the Chinese middle-aged and old people, 6.37 for males and 8.21 for females. The CI for the whole participants was -0.190 9, compared with -0.184 4 for the middle-aged and old men and -0.196 1 for the women. After decomposition of the CI, socioeconomic status contributed most to disability inequity among the Chinese middle-aged and old population. Financial status, educational level and work type contributed 66.41%, 16.45% and 13.10% respectively to inequity of disability. Individual lifestyle factors, including tobacco use, alcohol consumption and physical activities, contributed less to inequity of disability compared with social structural determinants.

Conclusion: There was inequity of disability among Chinese middle-aged and old population, and those with better financial status were less likely to suffer from functional disability. Middle-aged and old males were less disabled than females, and had less inequity of disability. Financial status, educational level and work type took the highest contribution to inequity of disability among Chinese middle-aged and old population, suggesting that promoting healthy lifestyles alone cannot effectively reduce the inequity of disability. The government needs to continually strengthen and improve appropriate social and medical protection measures on the basis of the importance it attaches to the health of the middle-aged and old population, and makes reducing health inequities a policy priority. The government should pay attention to the provision of healthcare and other resources in areas where development is relatively lagging and where there is a relative concentration of middle-aged and old population. Meanwhile, there should be more significant support for research on health status and equity among the middle-aged and old population to obtain more evidence for proactive responses to rapid population aging in China and policy development.

Keywords: Concentration index; Disability; Equity; Middle-aged and old people.
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57
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban




. 2020 Jun 18;52(3):506-513. doi: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.017.
[Relationship Between the Five-Factor Model of Personality Traits and Self-Management Attitude of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes]
[Article in Chinese]
Z M Li 1, M Gao 1, X Y Chen 1, X Y Sun 1
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PMID: 32541985
DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2020.03.017Free article

Abstract


Objective: To explore the correlation between different personality characteristics and self-management attitude such as medication, exercise and diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: The patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from 4 Community Healthcare Services and 22 affiliated community stations of Tongzhou District and Shunyi District of Beijing were selected as subjects. The Chinese big five personality inventory and the self-designed scale including the attitudes of medication, exercise and diet were used in the study.

Results: In this study, 642 subjects were finally included, among whom the sex ratio of male and female was basically the same, 61.21% were over 61 years old. In this study, different genders had differences in neurotic personality (P<0.05), different age groups had differences in agreeableness and openness (P<0.05), different education levels had differences in openness and extraversion (P<0.05), and different income levels had differences in agreeableness, openness and extraversion (P<0.05). The linear correlation analysis of the five-factor moldel of personality traits with medication, exercise and diet attitude showed that three items of perceived disorders of medication were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.125, 0.187, 0.151, P<0.05), four items of perceived disorders of exercise were positively correlated with neurotic personality (r=0.163, 0.129, 0.119, 0.104, P<0.05), and perceived benefits of exercise were positively correlated with conscientiousness (five items, r=0.156, 0.111, 0.131, 0.104, 0.131, P<0.05), agreeableness (two items, r=0.092, 0.078, P<0.05) and extraversion (four items, r=0.079, 0.122, 0.115, 0.123, P<0.05), three items of perceived disorders of diet were positively correlated with neuroticism (r=0.115, 0.137, 0.108, P<0.05), and two items of were negatively correlated with conscientiousness (r=－0.126, －0.161, P<0.05) and agreeableness (r=－0.103, －0.115, P<0.05). In the canonical correlation analysis, according to the formula combination of three groups of typical variables and canonical structure diagrams, neuroticism and agreeableness played major roles in personality traits, and items that represented "obstacles" in medication, exercise, and dietary attitudes played a major role.

Conclusion: All the five personality traits were correlated with the self-management attitude of type 2 diabetes patients, and different personality traits have an impact on the self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In particular, it is of great significance to understand neuroticism for improving the mental health and quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, attention should be paid to the influence of psychological factors in community management of type 2 diabetes and disease self-management, and the personalized care and health education should be carried out according to the personality traits of patients.

Keywords: Canonical correlation; Self-management; The five-factor model of personality; Type 2 diabetes.
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