Fragment‐based lead discovery has become a fundamental approach to identify ligands that efficiently interact with disease‐relevant targets. Among the numerous screening techniques, fluorine‐detected NMR has gained popularity owing to its high sensitivity, robustness, and ease of use. To effectively explore chemical space, a universal NMR experiment, a rationally designed fragment library, and a sample composition optimized for a maximal number of compounds and minimal measurement time are required....
Sun May 03, 2020 20:48
The development of glycoconjugate vaccines against Helicobacter pylori is challenging. An exact epitope of the H. pylori lipopolysaccharides (LPS) O‐antigens that contain Lewis determinant oligosaccharides and unique DD‐heptoglycans has not yet been identified. Here, we report the first total synthesis of H. pylori serotype O6 tridecasaccharide O‐antigen containing a terminal Ley tetrasaccharide, a unique α‐(1→3)‐, α‐(1→6)‐ and α‐(1→2)‐linked heptoglycan, and a β‐D‐galactose connector through...
Sun May 03, 2020 20:19
In this study, an original method of macromolecular design was used to develop a hyaluronidase‐1 (HYAL1) inhibitor from its principal substrate, hyaluronic acid (HA). HA‐based nanoparticles (HA‐NP) were obtained by copolymer self‐assembly and their effects on HYAL1 activity were investigated by combining different analytical tools. Compared to HA, HA‐NP exhibited an enhanced stability against HYAL1 degradation while maintaining its interaction with HA receptors CD44 and aggrecan. HA‐NP displayed...
Sun May 03, 2020 16:55
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exhibits great potential for cancer therapy, but still suffers from nonspecific photosensitivity and poor penetration of photosensitizer. Here, a smart perylene monoimide‐based nanocluster with enzyme‐triggered disassembly is reported as an activatable and deeply penetrable photosensitizer. A novel carboxylesterase (CE)‐responsive tetrachloroperylene monoimide (P1) was synthesized and assembled with folate‐decorated albumins into a nanocluster ( FHP ) with a diameter...
Sun May 03, 2020 16:55
Abstract Background The beneficial effects of weight reduction on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are highly variable. Whether or not the variability is associated with the effects of age and sex remains unclear. This study examined this issue with large cross-sectional data. Method Anthropometric measurements, polysomnographic variables, biochemical...
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Publication date: Available online 3 May 2020Source: Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRIAuthor(s): Dr Essam Hashem, Dr Sherif Elsobky, Dr Mohamed Khalifa
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Abstract We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of narrowband imaging (NBI) in terms of detecting laryngeal cancer compared to that of white light endoscopy (WLE). Two reviewers individually searched the six databases for studies published between the first record date and December 31, 2019. We recorded the numbers of true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies ver. 2 software was used to assess the studies. The extent...
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Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN00315H, PaperWenrui Ma, Lulu Liu, Yi Xu, Li Wang, Li Chen, Sheng Yan, Lingling Shui, Zhijun Wang, Shunbo LiAn impedimetric aptasensor for detection of endotoxin in a microfluidic chip was proposed, in which the Apt/AuNPs/SPCE sensing surface was fabricated in screen-printed electrode with good biological activity and stability....The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN00346H, PaperHuiqiang Liu, Junshan Xiu, Yunyan Liu, Bengyi Wang, Yanling Xue, Min Chen, Te JiInorganic arsenic (iAs) is a well-known naturally occurring metalloid with abundant hazards in our environment, especially being a human carcinogen through arsenic contaminated drinking water. The iAs-related contamination is usually...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2020, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/D0AN00597E, Critical ReviewLu Gao, Qianfan Yang, Peng Wu, Feng LiDespite serving as a gold standard for protein analysis, the classic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is currently challenged by the ever-increasing needs of sensitivity and simplicity. Towards the ongoing needs,...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Nature Communications, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16053-7Exercise promotes motor skill learning via unclear mechanisms. Here, the authors show that running wheel training results in neurotransmitter switching in caudal pedunculopontine nucleus neurons of mice. These neurons project to several brain regions, regulating the acquisition of motor skills.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16121-yMircobial symbionts of mosquitoes can affect transmission of human pathogens. Here, Herren et al. identify a microsporidian symbiont in Anopheles gambiae that impairs transmission without affecting mosquito fecundity or survival.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16116-9Molecular mechanisms linking myocardial insulin resistance to diabetic cardiomyopathy are incompletely understood. Here the authors show that myocardial insulin resistance impairs a PKB-SPEG-SERCA2a signaling axis, which contributes to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16215-7Author Correction: Sex-specific innate immune selection of HIV-1 in utero is associated with increased female susceptibility to infection
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Nature Communications, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15958-7Reactions induced by low-energy electrons in hydrated systems are central to radiation therapy, but a full understanding of their mechanism is lacking. Here the authors investigate the electron-impact induced ionization and subsequent dissociation of tetrahydrofuran, model for biochemically relevant systems, in a micro-solvated environment.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16041-xThymus is a unique environment hosting the development of many T cell subsets with distinct functions. Here the authors show that medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC) are functionally diverse, with LTβR signaling serving differential regulation of mTEC for specific control of multiple lineages of invariant natural killer T cells.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16039-5Self-charging power systems integrating energy generation and storage are receiving consideration attention. Here the authors report an aqueous Zn-ion battery that can be self-recharged by the spontaneous redox reaction between cathode and oxygen from ambient environment without external power supply.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 04 May 2020; doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15725-8Siberian Arctic permafrost contains vast stores of carbon, the fate of which is dependent on the climate. Here the authors use models of future scenarios to show that under the direst climate changes up to 2/3 of the stored organic carbon could thaw.
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Abstract Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a major role in the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Systemic Treg depletion is not favored because of the critical role of Tregs in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing the autoimmunity. Recently, CCR8 has been identified as an important chemokine receptor expressed on intratumoral Tregs and is known to be critical for CCR8+Treg-mediated immunosuppression. However, the inherent molecular mechanisms and...
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Abstract Background Epidemiological data on fatal anaphylaxis are underestimated worldwide. Few Italian data do exist. The aims of the study are to determine the anaphylaxis mortality rate in Italy and its associations with demographic characteristics (gender, age, and geographical distribution), and to investigate which are the most common triggers of fatal anaphylaxis. Material and methods This is a descriptive study analyzing data reported to the National Register of Causes...
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Abstract Metabolic reprogramming is a cellular process contributing to carcinogenesis. However, it remains poorly understood in adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC), an aggressive malignancy with overall poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. We characterized the metabolic phenotype of ACC, by examining the immunoprofile of key proteins involved in glucose metabolism, hexokinase (HK1), pyruvate kinase (PKM1, PKM2), succinate dehydrogenase (SDHB), and phospho-S6 ribosomal...
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Background The presentation of COVID‐19 overlaps with common influenza symptoms. There is limited data on whether a specific symptom or collection of symptoms may be useful to predict test positivity. Methods An anonymous electronic survey was publicized through social media to query participants with COVID‐19 testing. Respondents were questioned regarding 10 presenting symptoms, demographic information, comorbidities and COVID‐19 test results. Stepwise logistic regression was used to...
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Abstract Background: The use of three‐dimensional (3D) printed models is promising in nasal endoscopic technique training. Here, we aimed to develop postsurgical simulants for use in conjunction with 3D‐printed nasal models and to assess their usefulness in helping residents transfer basic endoscopic skills acquired during simulation training to clinical situations. Methods: The secretion simulant was prepared via a cross‐linked reaction between sodium alginate and acrylamide, whereas the packing...
Sun May 03, 2020 16:39
Background Delayed postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are uncommon and largely unstudied complications. In this study we aim to identify their etiology and understand the efficacy of various reconstruction strategies. Methods A retrospective chart analysis of 1017 endonasal skull base surgeries performed by a single neurosurgeon was completed identifying delayed CSF leaks (occurring >1 week after surgery). Results Seventeen cases of early (1‐2 weeks after surgery)...
Sun May 03, 2020 17:50
Sun May 03, 2020 17:49
Background Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) for the resection of pituitary adenoma has become more common throughout the past decade. Although most patients have a short postoperative hospitalization, others require a more prolonged stay. We aimed to identify predictors for prolonged hospitalization in the setting of ETS for pituitary adenomas. Methods A retrospective chart review as performed on 658 patients undergoing ETS for pituitary adenoma at a single tertiary care academic...
Sun May 03, 2020 17:48
Background External approaches to the frontal sinus such as osteoplastic flaps are challenging because they require blind entry into the sinus, posing risks of injury to the brain or orbit. Intraoperative computed tomography (CT)‐based navigation is the current standard for planning the approach, but still necessitates blind entry into the sinus. The aim of this work was to describe a novel technique for external approaches to the frontal sinus using a holographic augmented reality (AR) application....
Sun May 03, 2020 17:44
The Ageratum conyzoides L. (A. conyzoides) is commonly used as a traditional medicine, and its antitumor effects have also been studied. However, the functional roles of flavonoids in A. conyzoides in antitumor activities have not been clarified. The present study is aimed at investigating the biological effects of flavonoids in A. conyzoides on human cervical adenocarcinoma. Firstly, we detected that flavonoids in A. conyzoides significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, migration, and...
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Background. Chronic tinnitus affects approximately 10-15% of the population. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been considered as a promising and well-tolerated therapeutic strategy for chronic tinnitus. However, a recent large-scale multicenter clinical trial showed a negative result. Objective. This systematic review is aimed at assessing the efficacy and safety of low-frequency rTMS in chronic tinnitus. Methods. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library...
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Publication date: Available online 3 May 2020Source: Computer Speech & LanguageAuthor(s): Gueorgui Pironkov, Sean UN Wood, Stéphane Dupont
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Abstract The number of children who were born after their parents were diagnosed with central nervous system (CNS) tumour is increasing, but it is still largely unknown regarding the academic performance of these children. We aimed to investigate whether children of survivors with childhood or adolescent CNS tumour were associated with poor academic performance. Children of survivors of CNS tumour were identified by combining the nationwide Swedish Cancer Register and the Multi‐Generation Register,...
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