Publication date: Available online 30 April 2020Source: Journal of VoiceAuthor(s): Enrique P. Rey Caro, Daniel G. Rey Caro, Enrique A. Rey Caro
Fri May 01, 2020 12:19
Publication date: Available online 29 April 2020Source: Journal of VoiceAuthor(s): Saira Ambreen, Saboor Zafar Hamdani, Mahnoor Anwar
Thu Apr 30, 2020 18:04
Background This study evaluates the generalizability of an eight-station progress clinical skills examination and assesses the growth in performance for six clinical skills domains among first- and second-year medical students over four time points during the academic year. Methods We conducted a generalizability study for longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons and assessed growth in six clinical skill domains via repeated measures ANOVA over the first and second year of medical...
Fri May 01, 2020 03:00
Development of mobile sensors brings new opportunities to medical research. In particular, mobile electroencephalography (EEG) devices can be potentially used in low cost screening for epilepsy and other neurological and psychiatric disorders. The necessary condition for such applications is thoughtful validation in the specific medical context. As part of validation and quality assurance, we developed a computer-based analysis pipeline, which aims to compare the EEG signal acquired by a mobile EEG...
Fri May 01, 2020 03:00
Genome editing in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides the potential for disease modeling and cell therapy. By generating iPSCs with specific mutations, researchers can differentiate the modified cells to their lineage of interest for further investigation. However, the low efficiency of targeting in iPSCs has hampered the application of genome editing. In this study we used a CRISPR-Cas9 system that introduces a specific point substitution into the sequence of the Na+/K+-ATPase...
Fri May 01, 2020 03:00
Flavonoids and prenylated flavonoids are active components in medicinal plant extracts which exhibit beneficial effects on human health. Prenylated flavonoids consist of a flavonoid core with a prenyl group attached to it. This prenylation process is catalyzed by prenyltranferases (PTs). At present, only a few flavonoid-related PT genes have been identified. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of PT in flavonoid production. We isolated a putative PT gene (designated as BrPT2) from a...
Fri May 01, 2020 03:00
Background Extensive knowledge on the genetic characterization of marine organisms has been assembled, mainly concerning the spatial distribution and structuring of populations. Temporal monitoring assesses not only the stability in genetic composition but also its trajectory over time, providing critical information for the accurate forecast of changes in genetic diversity of marine populations, particularly important for both fisheries and endangered species management. We assessed...
Fri May 01, 2020 03:00
Sustainability of winter wheat yield under dryland conditions depends on improving soil water stored during fallow and its efficient use. A 3-year field experiment was conducted in Loess Plateau to access the effect of tillage and N (nitrogen) rates on soil water, N distribution and water- and nitrogen-use efficiency of winter wheat. Deep tillage (DT, 25–30 cm depth) and no-tillage (NT) were operated during fallow season, whereas four N rates (0, 90, 150 and 210 kg ha−1) were applied before sowing....
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Great Egret Ardea alba is one of few Western Palearctic species that underwent a rapid range expansion in the recent decades. Originally breeding in central and eastern Europe, the species has spread in northern (up to the Baltic coast) and western (up to the western France) directions and established viable breeding populations throughout almost entire continent. We monitored one of the first Great Egrets colonies established in Poland to infer migratory patterns and survival rates directly after...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Background Modern molecular analyses are often inconsistent with pre-cladistic taxonomic hypotheses, frequently indicating higher richness than morphological taxonomy estimates. Among Caribbean spiders, widespread species are relatively few compared to the prevalence of single island endemics. The taxonomic hypothesis Gasteracantha cancriformis circumscribes a species with profuse variation in size, color and body form. Distributed throughout the Neotropics, G. cancriformis is the only morphological...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Predators induce stress in prey and can have beneficial effects in ecosystems, but can also have negative effects on biodiversity if they are overabundant or have been introduced. The growth of human populations is, at the same time, causing degradation of natural habitats and increasing interaction rates of humans with wildlife, such that conservation management routinely considers the effects of human disturbance as tantamount to or surpassing those of predators. The need to simultaneously manage...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Abstract Just as the epigenome, the proteome and the electrophysiological properties of a cell influence its function, so too do its intrinsic mechanical properties and its extrinsic mechanical environment. This is especially true for neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) since long‐term maintenance of synaptic connections relies on efficient axonal transport machinery and structural stability of the cytoskeleton. Recent reports suggest that profound physical changes occur in the CNS microenvironment...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 18:11
Abstract The monoamine oxidase metabolite of dopamine, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), is hypothesized to induce neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, DOPAL’s effect on astrocyte function is less well known. Furthermore, the conflicting protective and pathological roles of resting and reactive astrocytes in Parkinson’s disease has led to astrocytes being characterized as a double‐edged sword in this disease. Using the Neu7 rat astrocyte cell line as a model of astrocyte...
Thu Apr 30, 2020 11:44
Abstract Testosterone aromatization into estrogens in the preoptic area (POA) is critical for the activation of male sexual behavior in many vertebrates. Yet, cellular mechanisms mediating actions of neuroestrogens on sexual behavior remain largely unknown. We investigated in male and female Japanese quail by dual‐label fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) whether aromatase‐positive (ARO) neurons express glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), the rate‐limiting enzyme in GABA biosynthesis....
Wed Apr 29, 2020 12:24
We would like to bring to the attention of your readers working in Oral Surgery and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery units some of the salient lessons we have learnt whilst establishing and developing an urgent dental care service at King’s College Hospital in response to the COVID-19 crisis.
Fri May 01, 2020 03:00
This paper investigates the effect of the COVID-19 outbreak and closure of dental practices on the frequency and severity of dental infections presenting in our emergency department. We compared the mean number of daily ED referrals for dental abscesses in the two weeks prior to and following the Chief Dental Officer’s statement advising general dental practitioners to cease routine appointments, the mean number decreased from 1 to 0.37. In contrast, the severity and requirement for admission of...
Fri May 01, 2020 03:00
Eye protection with face shields, goggles or visors have become a mandatory part of PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic.1 We have seen an increase in orbital trauma in women possibly due to the increase in family violence during the current social distancing measures. Internationally, telephone calls to domestic violence helplines have reportedly increased.2
Fri May 01, 2020 03:00
Early detection and isolation of pauci-symptomatic patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is proving to be a key factor in the fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Thu Apr 30, 2020 03:00
Thu Apr 30, 2020 22:00
Unlike replicative senescence, oncogene-induced senescence caused heterochromatin-body formation.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Since 2018, the FDA has required that U.S. clinical trial results be reported to clinicaltrials.gov within a year of trial completion, but this mandate is often ignored. A recent study found that less than half of U.S. trials submitted results to the site by the deadline. Industry-led trials were the most likely to be reported on time.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
The MaMTH-DS assay detected inhibitors of mutant EGFR in non–small cell lung cancer cells.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
As COVID-19 continues to surge, cancer scientists engaged in basic research face unique challenges. At centers throughout the United States, investigators are confronting difficult decisions about which experiments to continue, while securing supplies and creating contingency plans for a complete shutdown.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
HER2-targeted therapies are approved only for HER2-positive breast and gastric cancers. We assessed the safety/tolerability and activity of the novel HER2-targeted antibody–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in 60 patients with pretreated, HER2-expressing (IHC ≥ 1+), non-breast/non-gastric or HER2-mutant solid tumors from a phase I trial (NCT02564900). Most common (>50%) treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) were nausea, decreased appetite, and vomiting. Two drug-related TEAEs were...
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
In the plasmaMATCH trial, researchers performed circulating tumor DNA testing on patients with advanced breast cancer and matched those with ESR1, HER2, or AKT1 alterations to targeted therapies. Patients with HER2 and AKT1 mutations experienced response rates greater than 22% with durable benefit.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Inhibition of BET protein bromodomains BD1 and BD2 produces unique phenotypes in disease models.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Symmetric division of stem cells positive for gastrin receptor CCK2R is linked to gastric cancer.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
The poor prognosis for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) impels an improved understanding of disease biology to facilitate the development of better therapies. PDAC typically features a remarkably dense stromal reaction, featuring and established by a prominent population of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Genetically engineered mouse models and increasingly sophisticated cell culture techniques have demonstrated important roles for fibroblasts in PDAC progression and therapy...
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
T cell–expressed PD-L1 exerts tolerogenic effects on tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
In a draft guidance, the FDA urges researchers to take steps to increase enrollment of adults age 65 and older in clinical trials of investigational of cancer drugs. Noting that a drug's risk–benefit profile can vary significantly across age groups, the FDA recommends including older adults in early-phase studies and modifying trial designs and recruitment strategies to make it easier for them to participate.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Tumor-derived retinoic acid promotes monocyte differentiation into immunosuppressive macrophages.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Neoantigen-expressing pancreatic cancers had hastened progression and poor immunotherapy response.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
A chemotherapy-induced shift to ICOSL+ B cells in breast tumors correlated with better survival.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
In lung cancer, brain metastasis was associated with somatic amplification of MYC, YAP1, or MMP13.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
LGR5– cells seed colorectal cancer metastases and produce stemlike LGR5+ outgrowth-promoting cells.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Summary:Over the last two decades HER2 aberrations have been thoroughly investigated as potential therapeutic targets in advanced non–small cell lung cancer, with relatively modest results. Two articles published in this issue of Cancer Discovery further expand the knowledge on therapeutic exploitation of HER2 in lung cancer, addressing a large unmet medical need. See related article by Li et al., p. 674. See related article by Tsurutani et al., p. 688.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Low-dose adjuvant epigenetic therapy (AET) reduced metastasis and promoted survival in mouse models.
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
Plasma DNA fragmentomics is an emerging area of research covering plasma DNA sizes, end points, and nucleosome footprints. In the present study, we found a significant increase in the diversity of plasma DNA end motifs in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Compared with patients without HCC, patients with HCC showed a preferential pattern of 4-mer end motifs. In particular, the abundance of plasma DNA motif CCCA was much lower in patients with HCC than in subjects without HCC. The aberrant...
Fri May 01, 2020 10:05
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