The Role of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complicated disease involving multiple pathogenic factors. The complex relationships between long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and the morbidity of IBD drive numerous studies to unravel the underlying mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of LCFAs in IBD will substitute or boost the current IBD therapies, thereby obtaining mucosal healing. In this review, we focused on the roles of LCFAs on the important links of inflammatory regulation in IBD, including...

Mediators of Inflammation

02:07

Evidence That the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Rubiadin-1-methyl Ether Has an Immunomodulatory Context

Background. In spite of the latest therapeutic developments, no effective treatments for handling critical conditions such as acute lung injuries have yet been found. Such conditions, which may result from lung infections, sepsis, multiple trauma, or shock, represent a significant challenge in intensive care medicine. Seeking ways to better deal with this challenge, the scientific community has recently devoted much attention to small molecules derived from natural products with anti-inflammatory...

Mediators of Inflammation

02:07

The Potential Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases 8 and 9 and Myeloperoxidase in Predicting Outcomes of Bacterial Meningitis of Childhood

Background. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) contribute to the inflammatory cascade in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during bacterial meningitis. We determined levels of MPO, MMP-8, MMP-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase- (TIMP-) 1 in the CSF of children with bacterial meningitis and investigated how these inflammatory mediators relate to each other and to the disease outcomes. Methods. Clinical data and the diagnostic CSF samples from 245 children (median age...

Mediators of Inflammation

02:07

Side Effects of Coronary Stenting such as Severe Coronary Stenosis and Multiple Coronary Chronic Total Occlusions in Elderly Patients via Induced Proinflammatory and Prooxidative Stress

Background. Severe coronary stenosis and multiple coronary chronic total occlusions are serious side effects of coronary stent implantation in elderly patients. This research sought to investigate the side effects of coronary stenting such as severe coronary stenosis and multiple coronary chronic total occlusions in elderly patients via induced proinflammatory and prooxidative stress. Methods. We evaluated the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), acrolein...

Mediators of Inflammation

02:07

Tobacco-Derived Lipopolysaccharide, Not Microbial Translocation, as a Potential Contributor to the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Microbial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), possibly driving a systemic inflammatory response that may trigger the development and/or exacerbation of the disease. To explore the existence of this mechanism in African RA patients, we have measured systemic levels of LPS and its surrogate, LPS-binding protein (LBP), as well as those of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D), and cotinine in...

Mediators of Inflammation

02:07

Amphiregulin Regulates Phagocytosis-Induced Cell Death in Monocytes via EGFR and the Bcl-2 Protein Family

Neonates are extremely susceptible to bacterial infections, and evidences suggest that phagocytosis-induced cell death (PICD) is less frequently triggered in neonatal monocytes than in monocytes from adult donors. An insufficient termination of the inflammatory response, leading to a prolonged survival of neonatal monocytes with ongoing proinflammatory cytokine release, could be associated with the progression of various inflammatory diseases in neonates. Our previous data indicate that amphiregulin...

Mediators of Inflammation

02:07

Prediction-error signals to violated expectations about person identity and head orientation are doubly-dissociated across dorsal and ventral visual stream regions

Publication date: Available online 1 November 2019Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Jonathan E. Robinson, Will Woods, Sumie Leung, Jordy Kaufman, Michael Breakspear, Andrew W. Young, Patrick J. JohnstonAbstractPredictive coding theories of perception highlight the importance of constantly updated internal models of the world to predict future sensory inputs. Importantly, such theories suggest that prediction-error signalling should be specific to the violation of predictions concerning distinct attributes...

NeuroImage

Sat Nov 02, 2019 17:22

Hippocampal subfields revealed through unfolding and unsupervised clustering of laminar and morphological features in 3D BigBrain

Publication date: Available online 1 November 2019Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): J. DeKraker, J.C. Lau, K.M. Ferko, A.R. Khan, S. KöhlerAbstractThe internal structure of the human hippocampus is challenging to map using histology or neuroimaging due to its complex archicortical folding. Here, we aimed to overcome this challenge using a unique combination of three methods. First, we leveraged a histological dataset with unprecedented 3D coverage, BigBrain. Second, we imposed a computational unfolding...

NeuroImage

Sat Nov 02, 2019 17:22

White matter hyperintensities and their relationship to cognition: Effects of segmentation algorithm

Publication date: Available online 1 November 2019Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Meral A. Tubi, Franklin W. Feingold, Deydeep Kothapalli, Evan T. Hare, Kevin S. King, Paul M. Thompson, Meredith N. Braskie, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging InitiativeAbstractWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH) are brain white matter lesions that are hyperintense on fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Larger WMH volumes have been associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD)...

NeuroImage

Sat Nov 02, 2019 17:22

The Artificial Intelligence Journal Club (#RADAIJC): A Multi-Institutional Resident-Driven Web-Based Educational Initiative

Publication date: Available online 2 November 2019Source: Academic RadiologyAuthor(s): Patricia Balthazar, Shahein H. Tajmir, Daniel A. Ortiz, Catherine C. Herse, Lindsey A.G. Shea, Kevin F. Seals, Dan Cohen-Addad, Saptarshi Purkayastha, Judy W. Gichoya

ScienceDirect Publication Academic Radiology

Sat Nov 02, 2019 16:36