Effect of Low-Level LASER Therapy on Wound Recovery and Sequelae After Orthognathic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Alireza Sadighi, Hasan Momeni, Amir Mansour Shirani

Dental Hypotheses 2019 10(3):58-64

Introduction: Despite the application of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in diverse dental procedures, its postoperative effects especially on wound recovery after orthognathic surgery have not been well explored. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of 660 nm LLLT on postoperative consequences of orthognathic surgery through a randomized controlled trial. Material and Methods: In this split-mouth, triple-blind randomized controlled trial, 12 patients who needed bimaxillary orthognathic surgery were recruited. After the surgery, one side of their face was irradiated with a diode low-level laser device of 660 nm during 1, 2, 4, and 7 days after the surgery, and the other side of their face was considered as placebo. Later, LLLT outcomes were assessed in terms of swelling, pain, and wound recovery after the surgery. For estimating the swelling, distances between tragicus to corner of mouth, tragicus to pogonion, and gonion to cantus were measured; for pain evaluation, the visual analog scale was used. Recovery of wounds was assessed via two ways of probing wounds depth and appraising their clinical features. Results: Although both LLLT and placebo sides presented a constant reduction of swelling over three postoperative months, the swelling in LLLT sides was significantly lower than placebos during the second and fourth days after the surgery. Regarding the pain, there were no significant differences on either sides of the face, 4 days after the surgery. Wounds probing indicated better recoveries at LLLT sides for both upper and lower jaws, whereas the results of clinical features did not show any significant differences between LLLT and placebo sides. Conclusion: LLLT can effectively accelerate the wound recovery after an orthognathic surgery. Also, it is helpful for postoperative sequelae of orthognathic surgery including swelling and pain.

Distribution of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Ecuadorian Children
Ingrid Ordonez-Romero, Yamilia Jijon-Granja, William Ubilla-Mazzini, Lixy Porro-Porro, Gabriela Alvarez-Giler

Dental Hypotheses 2019 10(3):65-69

Introduction: In Latin America, the molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH) prevalence is between 7% and 40%, making this pathology an oral health problem in this region. MIH affects the development of tooth enamel exclusively of first molars and permanent incisors. The objective of this investigation was to establish the distribution of MIH in Ecuadorian children between 7 and 12 years of age who attend two schools in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Materials and Methods: Two hundred forty-nine children from 7 to 12 years of age were clinically evaluated and diagnosed using the criteria of the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry 2003. Data were analyzed statistically by descriptive analysis and Chi-square test. Results: There were 23 children affected with MIH (9.24%), with greater representation in girls (6.8%), statistically significant difference between genders. There is a greater frequency of MIH in permanent first molars (74.4%) than permanent incisors (P = 0.002). In relation to dental arches, small differences were observed between them. In the group of affected molars, atypical restorations were observed only in the lower arch. About the characteristics of the MIH, the demarcated opacities were the most frequent (P = 0.001). The white–yellow color of the demarcated opacities was the most frequent (52.3%). Conclusions: The MIH has a considerable presence in the Ecuadorian children evaluated and, therefore, it could have repercussions on the oral health of this population. The need for further studies in the country is evident.

Possible Role of Statins on the Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients With Periodontal Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sahar S Kadhim, Salah A Al-Windy, Marwa S Al-Nami, Hayder M Al-kuraishy, Ali I Al-Gareeb

Dental Hypotheses 2019 10(3):70-75

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the possible role of statins on the inflammatory biomarkers in patients with periodontal disease (PD). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 74 patients with PD and/or dyslipidemia divided into Group A: 34 patients with PD (nonstatins users); Group B: 40 patients with PD (statins users); and Group C: 30 healthy controls. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured . Blood pressure prolife and indices of PD were evaluated in each group. Statistical analysis was conducted by using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Inflammatory and lipid peroxidation biomarkers were higher in patients with PD compared with controls; IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, and MDA sera level were high in PD compared with controls (P = 0.001). Statins therapy led to significant reduction of TC, TG, very low and low-density lipoproteins, blood pressure profile, and cardiac risk indices with elevation in high-density lipoprotein compared with nonstatins users (P < 0.01). Statins therapy led to significant reduction in IL-6, CRP, TNF-α, and MDA sera levels compared with nonstatins users (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Statins therapy reduced PD-induced inflammatory changes in patients with chronic PD through reduction of inflammatory cytokines.

Prosthodontic Rehabilitation of Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in Two Young Sisters With Fixed Prostheses: Clinical Case Report
Mehran Bahrami, Mohammed Hussein M Hussein Alsharbaty

Dental Hypotheses 2019 10(3):76-79

Introduction: Full mouth rehabilitation in patients with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is challenging to accomplish, especially because the affected individuals are quite young when they are assessed; therefore, esthetics is an imperative concern. This clinical report explains the oral rehabilitation of two sisters diagnosed with ED, which shows the optimistic effects on the physical, emotional, and social life of the patients. Case Report: In this clinical report, two treated sisters had anodontia that made difficulties in their eating and speaking. The two sisters had been treated with fixed partial dentures and implants supported prostheses after extracting nonrestorable deciduous teeth. The present permanent teeth were maintained to preserve the Periodontal ligament (PDL) and increase the patient occlusal awareness. Discussion: Elements that are necessary to be focused in designing dental treatments for ED patients include age, existent teeth, oral hygiene, psychosocial environment, Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD), bone volume, skeletal growth and development, orthodontics and/or orthognathic surgery, implants, time required for the procedure, maintenance, and cost of treatment.

Epidemiology, Etiopathogenesis, Treatment and Prognosis of Oral Thermal Burns from Food and Drinks
Patrizio Bollero, Rocco Franco, Francesco Gianfreda, Paola Gualtieri, Michele Miranda, Alberta Barlattani

Dental Hypotheses 2019 10(3):80-81