Cool down! The dissolution temperature is an efficient parameter to control the aggregation of conjugated polymers in solution and to influence their microstructure in monolayers. A lower dissolution temperature induces stronger π–π stacking interactions and larger fibrillar domains, resulting in high‐performance monolayer transistors with a mobility approaching 1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Abstract It remains a challenge to precisely tailor the morphology of polymer monolayers to control charge transport....
Wed Nov 20, 2019 11:41
Close O−O contacts make me redder: The tetrafurylethene AIE luminogen has a strong red morphochromism going from the aggregate to the crystalline phase (27 nm). This is due to unusually short O−O contacts that are facilitated by circularly delocalized π electron density between the furan rings. Abstract We have studied the photophysics of tetrafurylethene, an aggregation‐induced emission luminogen with exceptionally short intramolecular O−O distances of 2.80 Å and a significant red‐shifted...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 11:41
Lithium‒sulfur (Li‒S) batteries are highly regarded as the next‐generation energy storage devices because of their ultrahigh theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg −1 . Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) is considered as a promising sulfur cathode to substitute conventional carbon/sulfur (C/S) composite to afford higher Columbic efficiency, improved cycling stability, and potential high‐energy‐density Li‒SPAN batteries which attract growing attentions. However, unstable Li metal anode critically...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 13:55
Genetically encoded fluorescent proteins have been used for metal ion detections by combining fluorescent proteins with metal‐binding proteins or peptides. However, their applications are largely restricted to a limited number of metal ions, such as Ca2+ and Zn2+, due to the lack of available metal‐binding proteins or peptides that can be fused to fluorescent proteins and the difficulty in transforming the binding of metal ions into a change of fluorescent signal. To overcome these limitations, we...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 13:56
Radical chain reactions are commonly initiated through thermal or photochemical activation of purpose‐build initiators, through photochemical activation of substrates, or through well‐designed redox processes. Where radicals come from in the absence of these initiation strategies is much less obvious, and often assumed to derive from unknown impurities. In this situation molecule‐induced radical formation (or MIRF) reactions should be considered as well‐defined alternative initiation modes. In the...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 14:04
Antiperovskite Co 3 InC 0.7 N 0.3 nanomaterials with highly enhanced ORR performance was successfully achieved by tuning nitrogen contents through a MOF‐derived strategy. The obtained nanomaterial has surpassed all currently reported noble‐metal‐free antiperovskites and even most of those perovskites on onset potential (0.957 V at J = 0.1 mA cm ‐2 ) and half‐wave potential (0.854 V). The OER and Zinc‐air battery performance demonstrate its multifunctional oxygen catalytic activities. DFT...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 14:25
Unprecedented phosphine‐catalyzed [4+1] cycloadditions of allenyl imides have been discovered using various N‐based substrates including methyl ketimines, enamines, and a primary amine. These transformations provide a one‐pot access to cyclopentenoyl enamines and imines, or (chiral) γ‐lactams via two geminal C–C bond or two C–N bond formations, respectively. Several P‐based key intermediates including a 1,4‐(bis)electrophilic α,β‐unsaturated ketenyl phosphonium species have been detected by 31P NMR...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 16:23
The selective modification of nucleobases with photolabile caging groups provides one of the most versatile strategies to study and control the processes and interactions of nucleic acids. Numerous exocyclic and ring positions of nucleobases have been targeted, but all are formally substituting a hydrogen atom with a photo‐caging group. Nature, however, also explicitly uses ring nitrogen methylation, such as m7G and m1A, to change the electronic structure and properties of RNA and control biomolecular...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 16:54
Layer‐by‐layer nanoparticles are modular drug delivery vehicles that incorporate multiple functional materials through sequential deposition of polyelectrolytes onto charged nanoparticle cores. Here, we combined the multicomponent features and tumor targeting capabilities of layer‐by‐layer assembly with functional biosensing peptides to create a new class of nanotheranostics. These nanoparticles encapsulate a high weight percentage of siRNA while also carrying a synthetic biosensing peptide on the...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 18:29
SERS them right: Bifunctional nanocrystals with integrated plasmonic and catalytic activities hold great promise for analyzing chemical reactions by in situ surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). This Minireview gives a brief introduction to the general strategies for designing such nanocrystals and there use in the elucidation of reaction mechanisms and measurement of kinetics. Abstract Bifunctional nanocrystals with integrated plasmonic and catalytic activities hold great promise for...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 22:00
Exosomes hold great potential in therapeutic development. However, native exosomes usually induce insufficient effects in vivo, and simply act as drug delivery vehicles. Here, we report a chemical engineering approach to construct responsive exosome nano‐bioconjugates for synergistic cancer therapy. Azide modified exosomes derived from M1 macrophages are conjugated with dibenzocyclooctynes modified antibodies of CD47 and SIRPα (aCD47 and aSIRPα) through pH‐sensitive linker. After system administration,...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 22:55
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
Mucosal Immunology, Published online: 20 November 2019; doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0229-2Lung CD4+ resident memory T cells remodel epithelial responses to accelerate neutrophil recruitment during pneumonia
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation guidelines recommend target temperature management (TTM) between 32 and 36 °C for patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but did not indicate patien...
Tue Nov 19, 2019 02:00
Plants get stressed too. Drought or too much salt disrupt their physiology. An international research team investigated how evolutionary changes in receptor proteins led to their ability to sense the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). This enabled them to develop mechanisms that aided their colonization of dry land and their response to stress.
Wed Nov 20, 2019 20:13
A scientist has revealed a key role for 'selfish' transposable elements in the evolution of the mammary gland, a defining feature of all mammals.
Wed Nov 20, 2019 20:14
Researchers recently unveiled key information about gene expression in sea grapes, which could help shed light on the evolution of sea grape morphology and help farmers improve cultivation of umi-budo.
Wed Nov 20, 2019 20:13
Palaeontologists adds a new piece to the puzzle of snake evolution.
Wed Nov 20, 2019 21:49
Abstract Purpose To investigate the fracture resistance and performance of zirconia when employed for the fabrication of implant abutments with different angulations, simulating anterior maxillary oral rehabilitation. Materials and Methods Forty‐five monolithic zirconia custom abutments of internal conical implant connection were CAD/CAM designed and fabricated. The specimens were divided into three groups (n = 15/group) according to implant‐ to‐ abutment angulation. The angulations used...
Tue Nov 19, 2019 19:32
Abstract First line anti‐tubercular therapy (ATT) is very effective in management of tuberculosis and is usually well tolerated. Varied spectrum of cutaneous adverse drug reactions are associated with ATT, of which lichenoid drug eruption (LDR) constitutes approximately 10% of the cases. However, LDR presenting as erythroderma is very rare. Here we report case of exfoliative dermatitis (ED) secondary to LDR which developed after 5 months of ATT. This article is protected by copyright. All rights...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 17:32
ABSTRACT Background Although pulsed dye laser (PDL) is considered the gold standard treatment for port wine stains (PWS), post PDL revascularization is one of the main causes of incomplete regression and recurrence. Recently, topical sirolimus have been shown to improve treatment outcome probably through minimizing post‐laser revascularization. Objectives We sought to evaluate the added value of the Tixel drug delivery system (DDS) to the PDL and topical rapamycin treatment for PWS. ...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 17:39
Abstract Renal imaging is an essential investigative tool and preliminary task for determining a suitable sanative option for the treatment of kidney cancer. In recent decades, with the increasing usage of abdominal imaging, there is an upsurge in the number of adrenal incidentalomas. Among these accidentally revealed lesions, most of them are complex that warrant immediate aggressive treatment planning due to their malignant potential. The guidelines given by the American Urological...
02:00
Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, we present the overview of emerging and neglected viruses associated with liver involvement. Recent Findings Hepatitis E virus (HEV) emerged in the last two decades, causing hepatitis in many parts of the world. Moreover, liver involvement was also described in some emerging arboviral infections....
02:00
Abstract Purpose of Review Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common infections in the ICU. Prompt diagnosis is vital as mortality increases with delayed antibiotic therapy. However, accurate diagnosis is challenging due to non-specific clinical features in a complicated patient cohort. Microbiological culture data remains a crucial aspect in confirming diagnosis. ...
02:00
Chromosomal inversions contribute widely to adaptation and speciation, yet they present a unique evolutionary puzzle as both their allelic content and frequency evolve in a feedback loop. In this simulation study, we quantified the role of the allelic content in determining the long-term fate of the inversion. Recessive deleterious mutations accumulated rapidly on both arrangements with most of them being private to a given arrangement. The emerging overdominance led to maintenance of the inversion...
Tue Nov 19, 2019 02:00
There are many methods for establishing a phylogeny available to researchers. Some of these are based on the mutational distance between ortholog sequences of DNA, and, from these, some are based on the analysis (presence/absence) of transposable elements in specific loci of ortholog sequences. We present a new approach: a method for inferring a phylogeny based on the mutational distance of transposable elements distributed along any segment of DNA. Our method doesn't require previously having ortholog...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
AbstractSome species show high rates of reproductive failure, which is puzzling because natural selection works against such failure in every generation. Hatching failure is common in both captive and wild zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata), yet little is known about its proximate causes. Here we analyze data on reproductive performance (fate of >23,000 eggs) based on up to 14 years of breeding of four captive zebra finch populations. We find that virtually all aspects of reproductive performance...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
New techniques for the species-level sorting of millions of specimens are needed in order to accelerate species discovery, determine how many species live on earth, and develop efficient biomonitoring techniques. These sorting methods should be reliable, scalable and cost-effective, as well as being largely insensitive to low-quality genomic DNA, given that this is usually all that can be obtained from museum specimens. Mini-barcodes seem to satisfy these criteria, but it is unclear how well they...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) occurs when the environment experienced by parents induces changes in offspring traits. Such effects can be adaptive or non-adaptive and are increasingly recognised as key determinants of health, cognition, development and performance across a wide range of taxa, including humans. While the conditions that favour maternal TGP are well understood, rapidly accumulating evidence indicates that TGP can be maternal or paternal, and offspring responses can be sex-specific....
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
Evolutionary arms-races between plants and herbivores have been proposed to generate key innovations that can drive diversification of the interacting species. Recent studies reveal that plant traits that target herbivore insect eggs are widespread throughout the plant kingdom. Within the Brassicaceae family, some plants express a hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis underneath the eggs of specialist cabbage white butterflies (Pieridae) that leads to eggs desiccating or dropping of the leaf....
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
Theoretical work predicts that sexual selection can enhance natural selection, increasing the rate of adaptation to new environments and helping purge harmful mutations. While some experiments support these predictions, remarkably little work has addressed the role of sexual selection on compensatory adaptation--populations' ability to compensate for the costs of deleterious alleles that are already present. We tested whether sexual selection, as well as the degree of standing genetic variation,...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
Maternal effect senescence---a decline in offspring fitness with maternal age---has been demonstrated in a range of taxa, including humans. Despite decades of phenotypic studies, it remains unclear how maternal effect senescence impacts population structure or evolutionary fitness. To understand the impact of maternal effect senescence on population dynamics, fitness, and selection, we used data from individual-based culture experiments on the microscopic aquatic invertebrate, Brachionus manjavacas...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
Whereas most people are biologically either male or female, their genetic interests are almost never aligned with just their own sex. Drawing on the evolutionary theory of inclusive fitness gained through relatives, we suggest it is possible to partition the effects of kin on fitness into those that derive from female versus male relatives. We argue that the balance of these female- and male-derived effects, which we call "Gendered Fitness Interests" (GFI), might influence human behavior, especially...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
Adaptation is central to population persistence in the face of environmental change, yet we rarely precisely understand the origin and spread of adaptive variation in natural populations. Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) along the Pacific Northwest (PNW) coast have evolved brown winter camouflage through positive selection on recessive variation at the Agouti pigmentation gene introgressed from black-tailed jackrabbits (L. californicus). Here we combine new and published whole genome and exome sequences...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
An optimal timing for diapause induction through the sexual production of dormant propagules is expected in populations of annual organisms. Yet, experimental work typically finds high within-population genetic variation in the sexual production of such propagules. Thus, high genetic variation in timing for diapause induction should be a common feature of annual organisms. Here, we hypothesize that genetic variation in the propensity to produce diapause propagules, Pd, is maintained by a genotype-by-environment...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
The origin of modern human and their migration across the world is one of the most debated topics for the decades. There exist two different hypotheses, recent African origin and multi-regional evolution, based on the genomic studies, haplogroups, archaeological records, cultural behaviors, palaeontology studies, etc. Various studies placed the modern humans in a phylogenetic tree to depict the relationships among them. However, the conflicts between the results obtained from the molecular data and...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
Human-mediated transport creates secondary contacts between genetically differentiated lineages, bringing new opportunities for gene exchange. When similar introductions occur in different places, they provide informally replicated experiments for studying hybridisation. We here examined 4279 Mytilus mussels, sampled in Europe and genotyped with 77 ancestry informative markers. We identified a type of introduced mussels, called dock mussels, associated with port habitats and displaying a particular...
Wed Nov 20, 2019 02:00
The relative scale adjusts for baseline variability and therefore may lead to findings that can be generalized more widely. It is routinely used for the analysis of binary outcomes but only rarely for continuo...
Tue Nov 19, 2019 02:00
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