Publication date: Available online 13 November 2019Source: Allergologia et ImmunopathologiaAuthor(s): M. Kara, O.F. Beser, D. Konukoglu, H. Cokugras, T. Erkan, T. Kutlu, F.C. CokugrasAbstractBackgroundSeveral pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators play a role in the immunopathogenesis of food allergy (FA). The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of serum biomarkers like interleukin (IL)-10, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the diagnosis and/or follow-up of FA.MethodsSixty (25 females, 41.6%)...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 19:31
Galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) allergy: first pediatric case in a series of patients in Spain
Publication date: Available online 11 November 2019Source: Allergologia et ImmunopathologiaAuthor(s): J Martín-Lázaro, R Núñez-Orjales, L.A. González-Guzmán, M.T. González, M. Boquete, F. CarballadaAbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesAllergy to galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) is a peculiar form of food allergy generally manifesting as an anaphylactic reaction hours after mammalian meat consumption, due to the presence of specific IgE against this oligosaccharide. In addition, immediate anaphylaxis...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 19:45
Abstract Food abundance and climatic factors can significantly affect the behavior of animals and constrain their activity budgets. The population of western black crested gibbons (Nomascus concolor) in Mt. Wuliang lives in montane forest and is close to the northern extreme of the distribution for gibbons (Hylobatidae). Their habitats show remarkable seasonal variation in terms of food availability, temperature, and rainfall. To understand behavioral adaptations of western black crested gibbons...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 18:38
Abstract Natural selection for positional behavior (posture and locomotion) has at least partially driven the evolution of anatomical form and function in the order Primates. Examination of bipedal behaviors associated with daily activity patterns, foraging, and terrestrial habitat use in nonhuman primates, particularly those that adopt bipedal postures and use bipedal locomotion, allows us to refine hypotheses concerning the evolution of bipedalism in humans. This study describes the positional...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 18:38
Networking: The synthesis of host phenolic building blocks, consisting of macrocyclic host rings and phenolic coordinating functions, enables the rapid assembly of adherent conformal metal–phenolic network coatings on diverse substrates with modular and tunable interfacial properties using host–guest chemistry. Abstract The manipulation of interfacial properties has broad implications for the development of high‐performance coatings. Metal–phenolic networks (MPNs) are an emerging class of responsive,...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 19:49
We report, for the first time, utilizing a rotating ring‐disc electrode (RRDE) assembly for detecting changes in the local pH during aqueous CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Using Au as a model catalyst where CO is the only product, we show that the CO oxidation peak shifts by ‐86 ± 2 mV/pH during CO2RR, which can be used to directly quantify the change in the local pH near the catalyst surface during electrolysis. We then applied this methodology to investigate the role of cations in affecting the...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 17:45
Recent innovations highlight the great potential of two‐dimensional materials, such as graphene oxide (GO) films, in water‐related applications. However, undesirable water‐induced effects, such as the redispersion and peeling of stacked GO laminates, greatly degrade their established performance and impact their practical application. It remains a great challenge to stabilize GO membranes in water. Here, we report on a molecular bridge strategy, in which an interlaminar short‐chain molecular bridge...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 16:09
Interactions of transmembrane receptors with their extracellular ligands are essential for cellular communication and signaling and are therefore a major focus in drug discovery programs. The transition from in vitro to live cell interaction studies, however, is typically a bottleneck in many drug discovery projects due to the challenge of obtaining atomic‐resolution information under near‐physiological conditions. Although NMR spectroscopy is ideally suited to overcome this limitation, several experimental...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 15:39
Branched plasmonic nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted much attention due to electric field enhancements at their tips. Seeded growth provides routes to NCs with defined branching patterns and, in turn, near‐field distributions with defined symmetries. Here, a systematic analysis was undertaken in which seeds containing different distributions of planar defects were used to grow branched NCs in order to understand how their distributions direct the branching. Characterization of the products by multimode...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 14:40
Sustained tumor oxygenation is of critical importance during a variety of malignant tumor therapeutics especially type‐II photodynamic therapy (PDT), which depends heavily on the intratumoral oxygen level for reactive oxygen species generation. This work demonstrates a facile approach to conquer the obstacle in tumor type‐II PDT by the hybridization of photosynthetic cyanobacterial cells and chlorine6 (ce6) photosensitizer, which result in ce6‐integrated photosensitive cells designated as ceCyan....
Wed Nov 13, 2019 13:31
Just add water: Hydration water on metal ions can be utilized to reversibly fine‐tune the emission color of organic luminescent groups for aggregation induced emission. The hydration water can be removed by heating or mechanical grinding and re‐gained by solvent fuming. Abstract Hydration water greatly impacts the color of inorganic crystals, but it is still unknown whether hydration water can be utilized to systematically manipulate the emission color of organic luminescent groups. Now, metal...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 12:49
What did the NO say to the 19 F? Dipolar couplings between nitroxide spin labels and 19F nuclear spins report inter‐spin distances in the range of ≲15 Å at sub‐angstrom accuracy. These couplings are measured with sub‐nanomole spin sensitivity by high frequency (94 GHz) electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and can be employed to obtain detailed structural insights into biomolecules. Abstract Spectroscopic and biophysical methods for structural determination at atomic resolution are fundamental...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 12:49
Lattice distortion was introduced into hollow multi‐shelled structures by using SnS2/SnO2 as a building block, which successfully converted CO2 into CO with an excellent activity, 100 % selectivity, and a long‐term stability. Abstract Precise control of the micro‐/nanostructures of nanomaterials, such as hollow multi‐shelled structures (HoMSs), has shown its great advantages in various applications. Now, the crystal structure of building blocks of HoMSs are controlled by introducing the lattice...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 12:48
Thermodynamically unstable: A reliable synthesis of unstable and highly reactive BrO2F is reported. This compound can be converted into BrO2+AsF6−⋅2 BrO2F, which decomposes into Br3O4⋅Br2+AsF6− with five‐, three‐, one‐, and zero‐valent bromine. Br3O6+SO3CF3− contains three‐ and five‐valent bromine. Abstract A reliable synthesis of unstable and highly reactive BrO2F is reported. This compound can be converted into BrO2+SbF6−, BrO2+AsF6−, and BrO2+AsF6−⋅2 BrO2F. The latter decomposes into mixed‐valent...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 12:46
Incorporation of a five‐membered ring “defect” in the helicene framework partially disrupts aromatic conjugation and provides a site for selective deprotonation. The deprotonation creates an anionic cyclopentadienyl unit, switches on conjugation and injects a charge in a helical conjugated π‐system without injecting a spin. Structural consequences of deprotonation were revealed via analysis of monoanionic helicene co‐crystallized with {K+(18‐crown‐6)(THF)} and {Cs+2(18‐crown‐6)3} cations. The X‐ray...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 19:10
The design and preparation of amorphous pure organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are significant in many fields of applications, but highly challenging. In this work, carbon dots (CDs) with dual‐emissive, robust and aggregation‐induced RTP characteristics are reported for the first time. The CDs (named TA‐CDs) can be facilely prepared via hydrothermal treatment of trimellitic acid and exhibit unique white prompt and yellow RTP emissions in solid state under UV excitation (365...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 19:09
The decarboxylative coupling of a carboxylic acid with an amine nucleophile provides an alternative to the substitution of traditional organohalide coupling partners. Benzoic and alkynyl acids may be directly aminated via oxidative catalysis. By contrast, methods for intermolecular alkyl carboxylic acid to amine conversion, including amidate rearrangements and photoredox‐promoted approaches, require stoichiometric activation of the acid unit to generate isocyanate or radical intermediates. We report...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 17:19
Fluorinated ketones are widely prevalent in numerous biologically interesting molecules, and the development of novel transformations to access these structures is an important task in organic synthesis. As an emerging powerful strategy, the concurrent installation of fluorine and ketone moieties into target molecules from simple, variable, and abundant feedstocks remains synthetically challenging and underdeveloped. Here, we report a multicomponent radical acylfluoroalkylation of olefins in the...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 17:18
Utilizing pyridine catalysis, we developed a visible‐light‐induced transition‐metal‐free radical borylation reaction of unactivated alkyl bromides featuring a broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic study disclosed a novel nucleophilic substitution/photoinduced radical formation pathway, which could be utilized to trigger a variety of radical processes.
Tue Nov 12, 2019 17:16
Understanding cation (H+, Li+, Na+, Al3+ etc.) intercalation/de‐intercalation chemistry in transition metal compounds is crucial for the design of cathode materials in aqueous electrochemical cells. Here we report that orthorhombic vanadium oxides (V2O5) supports highly reversible proton intercalation/de‐intercalation reactions in aqueous media, enabling aluminum electrochemical cells with extended cycle life. Empirical analyses using vibrational and x‐ray spectroscopy are complemented with theoretical...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 17:15
Black phosphorene has attracted much attention as a semiconducting two‐dimensional material. Violet phosphorus is another layered semiconducting phosphorus allotrope with unique electronic and optoelectronic properties. However, no confirmed violet crystals or reliable lattice structure of violet phosphorus has been obtained. The further exploration of violet phosphorus and violet phosphorene are restricted. The violet phosphorus single crystal has been produced and the lattice structure has been...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 19:18
Cation‐binding salen nickel catalysts were developed for the enantioselective alkynylation of trifluoromethyl ketones in high yield (up to 99%) and high enantioselectivity (up to 97% ee). The reaction proceeds with substoichiometric quantities of base (10‐20 mol% KOt‐Bu) and open to air. In the case of trifluoromethyl vinyl ketones, excellent chemo‐selectivity was observed, generating 1,2‐addition products exclusively over 1,4‐addition products. UV‐vis analysis revealed the pendant oligo‐ether group...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 19:18
Active catalysts go with the flow: The potential of active enzymes or catalysts acting as propulsive nano‐motors to drive enhanced diffusion has drawn great interest. A detailed NMR study of two metal catalysts found this behavior to actually be bulk convective flow, raising questions of the generality of this phenomenon. Abstract Intriguing reports of enhanced diffusion in enzymes and molecular catalysts have spurred significant interest in experimental and theoretical investigations, and...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 19:18
The design of solid‐state reference electrodes without liquid junction is of great importance to allow for miniature and cost‐effective electrochemical sensors in environmental and biomedical applications. To address this, we propose here a pulse control protocol using an Ag/AgI element as reliable solid‐state reference electrode. It involves the local release of iodide by a cathodic current that is immediately followed by an electromotive force (EMF) measurement that serves as the reference potential....
Tue Nov 12, 2019 17:50
As the field of molecular‐scale electronics matures and the prospect of devices incorporating molecular wires becomes more feasible, it is necessary to progress from the simple anchor groups used in fundamental conductance studies to more elaborate anchors designed with device stability in mind. This study presents a series of oligo(phenylene‐ethynylene) wires with one tetrapodal anchor and a phenyl or pyridyl head group. The new anchors are designed to bind strongly to gold surfaces without disrupting...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 17:49
Quantitative optical sensing of samples containing both enantiomeric and diastereomeric species of a chiral compound remains a major challenge. We have now developed an optical method for accurate concentration, er and dr analysis of amino alcohols based on a simple mix‐and‐measure workflow that is fully adaptable to multiwell plate technology and microscale analysis. We found that conversion of the four aminoindanol stereoisomers with salicylaldehyde to the corresponding Schiff base allows analysis...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 17:10
Controlling thermomechanical anisotropy is important for emerging heat management applications such as thermal interface and electronic packaging materials. Whereas many studies report on thermal transport in anisotropic nanocomposite materials, a fundamental understanding of the interplay between mechanical and thermal properties is missing, due to the lack of measurements of direction‐dependent mechanical properties. In this work, exceptionally coherent and transparent hybrid Bragg stacks made...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 17:09
Magneto‐Archimedes levitation (MagLev) enables the separation of powdered mixtures of illicit drugs (cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, fentanyl and its analogs), adulterants, and diluents based on density, and allows the presumptive identification of individual components. Small samples (mass <50 mg), with low concentrations of illicit drugs, present a particular challenge to analysis for forensic chemists. The MagLev device—a cuvette containing a solution of paramagnetic gadolinium(III) chelate...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 15:43
Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are well known as one of the most promising next‐generation batteries owing to its ultra‐high theoretical energy density and abundant sulfur resources. During the past 20 years, various sulfur materials have been reported. As the representative of molecular scale sulfur composite cathode, sulfurized pyrolyzed poly(acrylonitrile) (S@pPAN) exhibits several competitive advantages in terms of electrochemical behaviors. Currently, S@pPAN attracts increasing attentions although...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 14:40
Photochemical Carbopyridylation of Alkenes Using N‐Alkenoxypyridinium Salts as Bifunctional Reagents
N‐Alkenoxypyridinium salts have been used as synthons for umpolung enolates for the preparation of α‐functionalized carbonyl compounds. In contrast, we found that the photoreduction of N‐alkenoxypyridinium salts generates α‐carbonyl radicals after cleavage of the N−O bond, allowing the simultaneous incorporation of α‐keto and pyridyl groups across unactivated alkenes. In the process, the formed α‐carbonyl radicals engage unactivated alkenes to afford alkyl radical intermediates poised for subsequent...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 12:40
Whole in one: A general method was developed for the synthesis of 2,5‐diaminoimidazoles through a thermal reaction between α‐aminoketones and substituted guanylhydrazines. This one‐step reaction works successfully on both cyclic and acyclic amino ketone starting materials, as well as a range of substituted guanylhydrazines. The method was applied to the efficient synthesis of the advanced glycation end product (AGE) methylglyoxal‐derived imidazolium crosslink (MODIC). Abstract Here we describe...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 12:21
A dibora[2]ferrocenophane undergoes 100 % trans‐selective 1,2‐dihydroboration with amino‐ and aryldihydroboranes, with formal insertion of a borylene unit into the B=B double bond. The resulting aryltriboranes undergo reversible tautomerization under UV irradiation as well as hydride abstraction to the cationic H‐bridged triboranes. Abstract The reaction of aryl‐ and amino(dihydro)boranes with dibora[2]ferrocenophane 1 leads to the formation 1,3‐trans‐dihydrotriboranes by formal hydrogenation...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 12:19
Chemical‐gradient‐driven concentration enhances the sensitivity and selectivity of chemical sensors. In their Communication (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20190864710.1002/anie.201908647), P. V. Braun et al. show how hydrogel‐embedded radially symmetric cyclodextrin gradients direct transport of molecules including the nerve agent simulant 4‐methylumbelliferyl phosphate. To provide near real‐time read‐out of the analyte concentration an array of IR‐resonant metallic nanoantennas was used to enhance...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 12:19
The separation of the liquid phase into solute‐rich and solute‐poor phases is an elementary step leading to the nucleation of supramolecular nanofibrils from amphiphilic amino acids and peptides. As X. Yan, T. P. J. Knowles et al. show in their Research Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20191178210.1002/anie.201911782), the solute‐rich liquid droplets with low enthalpy act as nucleation sites, significantly decrease the nucleation barrier towards solid phase, and eventually form thermodynamically...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 12:19
COFing hydrogen: A MIS (metal–insulator–semiconductor) photosystem can efficiently extract hot π‐electrons of n‐type organic COF semiconductors for hydrogen production and gain a 32‐fold‐enhanced carrier efficiency and an impressive turnover frequency of 789.5 h−1 under visible light excitation. Abstract A metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) photosystem based on covalent organic framework (COF) semiconductors was designed for robust and efficient hydrogen evolution under visible‐light irradiation....
Tue Nov 12, 2019 12:18
New description of valence bonding: The vertices of the triangle in the figure are labeled with the three variables of electron‐pair bonding, Φcov , Φion , and REcs (charge‐shift resonance energy), which lead to three families of valence bonding, covalent, ionic, and charge‐shift bonding, respectively. A variety of tricky bonding situations such as dative bonds, coordinative bonds, 3e‐bonds, and hypervalent bonds can be best described by charge‐shift bonding. Abstract Charge‐shift bonds (CSBs)...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 12:18
Cause and effect: Although the question of the ferroelectricity of CH3NH3PbI3 is of essential importance for understanding its performance, it has long been disputed. Insight into the crystallographic origin of the breaking of the inversion symmetry in the structure, a necessary prerequisite for ferroelectricity, is now provided. Abstract Excellent conversion efficiencies of over 20 % and facile cell production have placed hybrid perovskites at the forefront of novel solar cell materials, with...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 12:15
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has the advantages of high penetration, non‐invasiveness and controllability, and is suitable for deep‐seated tumors. However, there is still a lack of effective sonosensitizers with high sensitivity, safety and penetration. Herein, we designed ultrasound (US) and glutathione (GSH) dual responsive vesicles of Janus Au‐MnO nanoparticles (JNPs) coated with PEG and a ROS‐sensitive polymer. Upon US irradiation, the vesicles were disassembled into small Janus Au‐MnO nanoparticles...
Mon Nov 11, 2019 21:05
Acyclic ketone‐derived oxocarbenium ions, intermediates that are involved in numerous reactions providing valuable products, have thus far eluded efforts aimed at asymmetric catalysis. We report that a readily accessible chiral carboxylic acid catalyst exerts control over asymmetric cyclizations of acyclic ketone‐derived trisubstituted oxocarbenium ions, achieving the synthesis of highly enantioenriched dihydropyran products containing a tetrasubstituted stereogenic center. The high acidity of...
Mon Nov 11, 2019 20:59
Reduction of the uranium(III) metallocene [(η 5 ‐C 5 i Pr 5 ) 2 UI] ( 1 ) with potassium graphite produces the 'second‐generation' uranocene [(η 5 ‐C 5 i Pr 5 ) 2 U] ( 2 ), which contains uranium in the formal divalent oxidation state. The geometry of 2 is that of a perfectly linear bis(cyclopentadienyl) sandwich complex, with the ground‐state valence electron configuration of uranium(II) revealed by electronic spectroscopy and density functional theory to be 5f 3 6d 1...
Mon Nov 11, 2019 20:28
Stereogenic trifluoromethyl‐substituted carbon centres are highly sought‐after moieties in pharmaceutical and agrochemical discovery. Here, we show that lithiation–borylation reactions of 2‐trifluoromethyl oxirane give densely functionalised and highly versatile trifluoromethyl‐substituted α‐tertiary boronic esters. The intermediate boronate complexes undergo the desired 1,2‐rearrangement of the carbon‐based group with complete retentive stereospecificity, a process that was only observed in non‐polar...
Mon Nov 11, 2019 20:12
For all of us, this year continues to be one filled with challenges and serious issues affecting our communities. The terrible murders of innocents in El Paso and Blyth are a manifestation of the hateful dynamics promulgated by present national politics towards our people. We refuse to countenance this by allowing this hate to drive our responses or our emotions. I know that at times we all feel overwhelmed, but together we are united in discourse, and more importantly, in community action. This...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 23:00
What if you are going up for tenure and happen to be neurotic about the process? Not everyone is, although in my experience almost everyone is expected to be. But let’s say you want to worry, is there anything proactive you can do beside publish the expected amount and in the expected journals, teach well, and be a good colleague? Expected journals, good teaching, and well-behaved colleague are all fairly unstandardized categories but I feel quite confident your institution has fairly definite shared...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 16:30
Publication date: Available online 13 November 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Everton Horiquini-Barbosa, Robbin Gibb, Bryan Kolb, Douglas Bray, João-José LachatAbstractIron is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world and it is most prevalent in young children, exposing their developing brain to inadequate iron levels. The damage related to neuroanatomical parameters is not reversed after iron treatment. However, evidence suggest that tactile stimulation (TS) may offer...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 13:38
Publication date: Available online 12 November 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Liane S. Vargas, Karine Ramires Lima, Bruna Piaia Ramborger, Rafael Roehrs, Iván Izquierdo, Pâmela B. Mello-CarpesAbstractPreviously we demonstrated that a single physical exercise session promotes the persistence of object recognition (OR) memory and this effect involves the activation of the noradrenergic system. Here, using adult male Wistar rats (3 months old) we confirm that an aerobic single physical...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 13:38
Publication date: Available online 12 November 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Lorna Marcela Barreto Cordero, Jorge Ríos Carrillo, Gabriel Roldán-Roldán, Alberto A. Rasia-Filho, Gonzalo Flores, María Elena Bringas, Alfredo Briones-Aranda, Ofir PicazoAbstractOvarian steroids modulate the neuronal structure and function during the estrous cycle, contrasting peak effects during the proestrus cycle and low effects during the metestrus cycle. An ovariectomy (OVX) decreases gonadal hormones...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 13:38
Publication date: Available online 11 November 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Giorgia D’Innocenzo, Alexander V. Nowicky, Daniel T. BishopAbstractAction observation elicits changes in primary motor cortex known as motor resonance, a phenomenon thought to underpin several functions, including our ability to understand and imitate others’ actions. Motor resonance is modulated not only by the observer’s motor expertise, but also their gaze behaviour. The aim of the present study was...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 17:17
Publication date: Available online 11 November 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Viktória Roxána Balla, Szilvia Szalóki, Tünde Kilencz, Vera Daniella Dalos, Roland Németh, Gábor CsifcsákAbstractThe association between an action and its sensory consequence has been linked to our sense of agency (SoA). While ecological validity is crucial in investigating such a complex phenomenon, previous paradigms focusing on the cortical analysis of movement-related images used simplified experimental...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 17:17
Journal Name: Biological ChemistryIssue: Ahead of print
01:22
Studying alternative forms of reproduction in natural populations is of fundamental importance for understanding the costs and benefits of sex. Mayflies are one of the few animal groups where sexual reproduction co-occurs with different types of parthenogenesis, providing ideal conditions for identifying benefits of sex in natural populations. Here, we establish a catalogue of all known mayfly species capable of reproducing by parthenogenesis, as well as mayfly species unable to do so. Overall, 1.8%...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
Colour polymorphism can promote rapid evolution and speciation, particularly when populations differ in the number or composition of morphs. The tawny dragon, Ctenophorus decresii, is a compelling study system in which to examine evolutionary processes and outcomes when polymorphic and monomorphic lineages meet. The species comprises a northern lineage polymorphic for male throat coloration which lacks ultraviolet (UV) reflectance and a monomorphic southern lineage with UV-blue throats. We characterised...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
Some evolutionary traits are described by scalars and vectors, while others are described by continuous functions on spaces (e.g., shapes of organisms, resource allocation strategies between growth and reproduction along time, and effort allocation strategies for continuous resource distributions along resource property axes). The latter are called function-valued traits. This study develops conditions for candidate evolutionary branching points, referred to as CBP conditions, for function-valued...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
Background and objectives: Intercellular signaling facilitated by cell adhesion is vital for many biological processes, such as embryonic development as well as disease states (e.g. metastasis of cancerous cells) and consequently represents a potential mechanism by which functional differences among primates may have evolved. Methodology: Previous work has identified that gene expression differences in cell adhesion pathways exist between humans and chimpanzees. Here, we used a comparative cell biology...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
Neo-sex chromosomes are found in many taxa, but the forces driving their emergence and spread are poorly understood. The female-specific neo-W chromosome of the African monarch (or queen) butterfly Danaus chrysippus presents an intriguing case study because it is restricted to a single 'contact zone' population, involves a putative colour patterning supergene, and co-occurs with infection by the the male-killing endosymbiont Spiroplasma. We investigated the origin and evolution of this system using...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
Evolutionary processes are inherently stochastic, since we can never know with certainty exactly how many descendants an individual will leave, or what the phenotypes of those descendants will be. Despite this, models of pathogen evolution have nearly all been deterministic, treating values such as transmission and virulence as parameters that can be known ahead of time. We present a broadly applicable analytic approach for modeling pathogen evolution in which vital parameters such as transmission...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
The mechanisms involved in the production of red carotenoid-based ornaments in vertebrates are still poorly understood. Those colours generated by red carotenoids often depend on the enzymatic production (ketolation) of these pigments from dietary yellow carotenoids. Recently, it has been proposed that this conversion takes place at the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). This implies that carotenoid ketolation and cell respiration could share the same biochemical pathways. Such a link would favour...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
Despite the diversity of life, studies of variation across animals often remind us of our deep evolutionary past. Abundant genome sequencing over the last ~25 years reveals remarkable conservation of genes and recent analyses of gene regulatory networks illustrate that not only genes but entire pathways are conserved, reused, and elaborated in the evolution of diversity. Predating these discoveries, 19th-century embryologists observed that though morphology at birth varies tremendously, certain stages...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
Although most unicellular organisms reproduce asexually, most multicellular eukaryotes are obligately sexual. This implies that there are strong barriers that prevent the origin or maintenance of asexuality arising from an obligately sexual ancestor. By studying rare asexual animal species we can gain a better understanding of the circumstances that facilitate their evolution from a sexual ancestor. Of the known asexual animal species, many originated by hybridization between two ancestral sexual...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
Novel pathogens can cause massive declines in populations, but seldom lead to extirpation of hosts. Rather, disease can act as a selective pressure on survivors, driving the evolution of resistance or tolerance. Bat white-nose syndrome (WNS) is a rapidly spreading wildlife disease in North America. The fungus causing the disease invades skin tissues of hibernating bats, resulting in disruption of hibernation behaviour, premature energy depletion, and subsequent death. We use whole-genome sequencing...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 02:00
Diversity in host resistance often associates with reduced pathogen spread. This may result from ecological and evolutionary processes, likely with feedback between them. Theory and experiments on bacteria-phage interactions have shown that genetic diversity of the bacterial adaptive immune system can limit phage evolution to overcome resistance. Using the CRISPR-Cas bacterial immune system and lytic phage, we engineered a host-pathogen system with a non-overlapping genetic architecture of infectivity....
Tue Nov 12, 2019 02:00
Transposable elements are mobile DNA sequences that are able to copy themselves within a host's genome. Within insects they often make up a substantial proportion of the genome. While they are the subject of intense research, often times when copy number is estimated it is estimated only at the population level, or in a limited number of individuals within a population. I was interested in whether or not transposable elements accumulate at different rates in different genetic backgrounds, for example...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 02:00
Two endemic sardines in Lake Tanganyika, Limnothrissa miodon and Stolothrissa tanganicae, are important components of the lakes total annual fishery harvest. These two species along with four endemic Lates species represent the dominant species in Lake Tanganyikas pelagic fish community, in contrast to the complex pelagic communities in nearby Lake Malawi and Victoria. We use reduced representation genomic sequencing methods to gain a better understanding of possible genetic structure among and within...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
Along with the publication of 137 ancient human genomes retrieved from archaeological remains of the Eurasian steppe, Damgaard et al., 2018 identified two individuals infected with Yersinia pestis, yielding one genome with 0.24x average coverage (DA147, 6th-9th c. AD) and another with 8.7x (DA101, 2nd-3rd c. AD). A phylogenetic analysis performed on the latter placed it in a position ancestral to a 6th-century Justinianic genome from Aschheim, Germany. These results are used to fuel an argument that...
Tue Nov 12, 2019 02:00
Anthropogenic environmental alterations such as urbanization can threaten native populations as well as create novel environments that allow human pests and pathogens to thrive. As the number and size of urban environments increase globally, it is more important than ever to understand the dispersal dynamics of hosts, vectors and pathogens of zoonotic disease systems. For example, a protozoan parasite and the causative agent of Chagas disease in humans, Trypanosoma cruzi, recently colonized and spread...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
Many pathologies that modify the shell geometry and ornamentation of ammonoids are known from the fossil record. Since they may reflect the developmental response of the organism to a perturbation (usually a s...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
Various apolipoproteins widely distributed among vertebrata play key roles in lipid metabolism and have a direct correlation with human diseases as diagnostic markers. However, the evolutionary progress of apo...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 02:00
Treatment of severe malaria with artemisinin derivatives in patients with comorbid conditions such as sickle cell anemia must be considered with precaution. We report here a case of possibly undocumented ventricular arrhythmia in a sickle cell anemia patient diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and treated with intravenous artesunate. The patient suffered from wide complex tachycardia after treatment with artesunate 170 mg (2.4 mg/kg) i.v. bolus, tachycardia was managed with amiodarone (150 mg...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 09:05
A 54-year old female with longstanding metastatic breast cancer was referred for management of choroidal metastases. She was first treated with external beam radiotherapy and experienced some response before later suffering progression of her eye disease. We then treated her using full fluence Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Verteporfin, which resulted in regression of her lesions until she passed away due to other illnesses. This is the first documented successful application of PDT for choroidal...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 17:15
Related ArticlesCardiovascular and psychopathological factors among non-sexually compulsive, sexually compulsive, and hypersexual individuals in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Psychol Health Med. 2019 Nov 12;:1-9 Authors: D T Scanavino M, Ventuneac A, Caramelli B, Naufal L, S D Santos Filho C, Nisida IVV, Amaral MLS, Vieira JC, Parsons JT Abstract We decided to explore the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors, according to three levels of severity of compulsive...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 23:01
Related ArticlesA Response to Pirutinsky's (2019) Religion and Compulsive Sexuality. J Sex Res. 2019 02;56(2):144-145 Authors: Efrati Y PMID: 30543481 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Tue Nov 12, 2019 15:03
Related ArticlesReligion and Compulsive Sexuality: A Response to Efrati's (2019) God, I Can't Stop Thinking about Sex! J Sex Res. 2019 02;56(2):142-143 Authors: Pirutinsky S PMID: 30540201 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Tue Nov 12, 2019 15:03
Publication date: Available online 13 November 2019Source: CortexAuthor(s): Saul Martínez-Horta, Andrea Horta-Barba, Jesús Perez-Perez, Mizar Antoran, Javier Pagonabarraga, Frederic Sampedro, Jaime KulisevskyAbstractProgressive striatal atrophy has long been considered the pathological hallmark of Huntington’s disease (HD), but is it now recognized that malfunction and degeneration of posterior-cortical territories are also prominent characteristics of the disease. The limited knowledge about the...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 13:51
No abstract available
Fri Nov 01, 2019 02:00
Limonene is a fragrance widely used in cosmetics and household products. Until recently, contact allergy to limonene was considered rare because positive patch tests to it were infrequently observed. In recent years, however, it has been demonstrated that exposure of limonene to oxygen (air) results in the formation of a number of oxidation products, of which the hydroperoxides have a far stronger sensitizing potency than the pure compound. By routine testing of patients suspected of contact dermatitis...
Fri Nov 01, 2019 02:00
No abstract available
Fri Nov 01, 2019 02:00
Health care workers may be at risk of occupational allergic contact dermatitis because of their frequent exposure to medical hand skin cleansers. We identified American Contact Dermatitis Society Core 80 Allergens found in medical hand skin cleansers (waterless skin soaps, water-needed skin soaps, and skin disinfectants) in the United States and developed a list of “low-allergen” medical hand skin cleansers. Waterless skin soaps most commonly contained fragrance, tocopherol, and sodium benzoate....
Fri Nov 01, 2019 02:00
No abstract available
Fri Nov 01, 2019 02:00
Background The International Contact Dermatitis Research Group increased the patch test concentration of formaldehyde from 1.0% aqueous (aq) to 2.0% aq (in 2011). Objective This study was designed to investigate the outcome of the decision. Methods Consecutive dermatitis patients in 8 different clinics were patch tested with formaldehyde 1.0% aq and 2.0% aq. The test solutions were applied with a micropipette to the filter paper discs in the respective chamber. Results A total of...
Fri Nov 01, 2019 02:00
Background Both surgical personnel and patients undergoing procedures are exposed regularly to different antiseptic chemicals in various forms. Little is known about the ingredients in these antiseptics and the risk these products may provoke allergic contact dermatitis. Objective The aim of the study was to identify and characterize common allergens in surgical scrubs and patient surgical cleansers that health care workers and surgical patients may encounter in the perioperative period. ...
Fri Nov 01, 2019 02:00
Background The etiology of cheilitis includes endogenous, irritant, and allergic dermatitis; lichenoid and granulomatous disorders; infection; trauma; and actinic damage. Patch testing is indicated for refractory cases (other than actinic cheilitis). Objective The aim of the study was to review demographics and allergens in patients patch tested for cheilitis at 2 sites in Sydney, Australia. Methods Records for patients patch tested for a 10-year period from 2007 to 2017 were reviewed....
Fri Nov 01, 2019 02:00
Background In 2017, the Food and Drug Administration banned the marketing of triclosan and triclocarban in antibacterial soaps, citing inefficacy and concerns of systemic absorption and antibacterial resistance. As a result, there is an anticipated decrease in the number of triclosan-containing products on the market with an associated increase in antibacterial alternatives (eg, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, chloroxylenol, chlorhexidine) and cases of allergic and irritant contact...
Fri Nov 01, 2019 02:00
No abstract available
Fri Nov 01, 2019 02:00
Background Surfactants are common ingredients in topical products, which can cause both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of 12 common groups of surfactants and 12 common individual surfactants among products in each category in the American Contact Dermatitis Society Contact Allergen Management Program (CAMP). Methods The American Contact Dermatitis Society CAMP was queried for the 12 surfactant groups and the 12...
Fri Nov 01, 2019 02:00
The year 2019 marks the 30th anniversary of the American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS). The work of inaugural ACDS members and the 3 decades of camaraderie, collaboration, education, and investigation of contact dermatitis that followed the inception of the ACDS are celebrated in this historical account.
Fri Nov 01, 2019 02:00
In ancient Egypt, sacred ibises were collected from their natural habitats to be ritually sacrificed, according to a new study.
Wed Nov 13, 2019 22:31
Researchers have succeeded in reconstructing the evolutionary relationship between a two million year old giant primate and the living orangutan. It is the first time genetic material this old has been retrieved from a fossil in a subtropical area. This allows the researchers to accurately reconstruct animal, including human, evolutionary processes way beyond the limits known today.
Wed Nov 13, 2019 22:30
A new method of 're-barcoding' DNA allows scientists to track rapid evolution in yeast. The approach has implications for the prediction of dominant viral strains.
Wed Nov 13, 2019 22:30
While reports of species going extinct are sadly becoming common, an international team of scientists has identified a new species of bird living on the Southern coast of China, that diverged from their Northern relatives around half a million years ago.
Wed Nov 13, 2019 18:19
A collaborative research group has succeeded in identifying an important transcription factor, GCAM1, which allows liverwort plants to asexually reproduce through creating clonal progenies (vegetative reproduction). Furthermore, this transcription factor was revealed to have the same origin as those which regulate secondary bud formation in angiosperms. It is hoped that these discoveries will lead to the development of technologies to increase the cultivation rate of a variety of plants in agriculture...
Wed Nov 13, 2019 17:18
The generation of species-specific singing in songbirds is associated with species-specific patterns of gene activity in brain regions called song nuclei, according to a new study. According to the authors, the findings could be a promising step toward a better understanding of the contribution of multiple genes to the evolution of behaviors.
Tue Nov 12, 2019 21:09
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