Background Previous studies have reported tumor volume underestimation with multiparametric (mp)MRI in prostate cancer diagnosis. Purpose To investigate why some parts of lesions are not visible on mpMRI by comparing their histopathology features to those of visible regions. Study Type Retrospective. Population Thirty‐four patients with biopsy‐proven prostate cancer scheduled for prostatectomy (median 68.7 years). Field Strength/Sequence T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted imaging,...
Sun Oct 06, 2019 19:49
Background Accurate risk stratification of men with a clinical suspicion of prostate cancer (cSPCa) remains challenging despite the increasing use of MRI. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a unique biparametric MRI protocol (IMPROD bpMRI) combined with clinical and molecular markers in men with cSPCa. Study Type Prospective single‐institutional clinical trial (NCT01864135). Subjects Eighty men with cSPCa. Field Strength/Sequence 3T, surface array coils. Two T2‐weighted...
Sun Oct 06, 2019 19:47
Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy Stage: 1
Sun Oct 06, 2019 11:40
Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2
Sun Oct 06, 2019 11:39
Background Regular monitoring of autogenous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) for hemodialysis patients has importance. Hence, 4D flow MRI may be an alternative for assessing the hemodynamics of AVFs. Purpose To compare the hemodynamics of AVFs using Doppler ultrasound (DUS) and 4D‐MRI in renal dialysis patients. Study Type Case–control study from October 2017 to April 2018. Population Fifty patients (age [range] = 59.52 [39–71] years) with AVFs were included. Field Strength/Sequence...
Fri Oct 04, 2019 15:24
Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy Stage: 3
Wed Oct 02, 2019 14:04
Background Biochemical recurrence (BCR) affects a significant proportion of patients who undergo robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP). Purpose To evaluate the performance of a routine clinical prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and Decipher genomic classifier score for prediction of biochemical recurrence in patients who underwent RALP. Study Type Retrospective cohort study. Subjects Ninety‐one patients who underwent RALP performed by a single...
Mon Sep 30, 2019 17:19
The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing globally, and MRI safety issues regarding medical devices, which are constantly being developed or upgraded, represent an ongoing challenge for MRI personnel. To assist the MRI community, a panel of 10 radiologists with expertise in MRI safety from nine high‐volume academic centers formed, with the objective of providing clarity on some of the MRI safety issues for the 10 most frequently questioned devices. Ten device categories were identified....
Mon Sep 30, 2019 17:19
Mon Sep 16, 2019 19:43
Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) is increasingly being incorporated into routine breast MRI protocols in many institutions worldwide, and there are abundant breast DWI indications ranging from lesion detection and distinguishing malignant from benign tumors to assessing prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer and predicting treatment response. DWI has the potential to serve as a noncontrast MR screening method. Beyond apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, which is a commonly used quantitative...
Sat Sep 14, 2019 21:28
Background MRI allows quantitatively assessing muscle quantity and quality. Purpose To summarize the role of MRI as a noninvasive technique for the identification of in vivo surrogate biomarker of sarcopenia. Study Type Systematic review. Population In April 2019, a systematic literature search (Medline/EMBASE) was performed to identify articles on the topic at issue. Field Strength/Sequence No field strength or sequence restrictions. Assessment After a literature search,...
Fri Sep 13, 2019 11:42
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that develops after a person experiences one or more traumatic events, characterized by intrusive recollection, avoidance of trauma‐related events, hyperarousal, and negative cognitions and mood. Neurophysiological evidence suggests that the development of PTSD is ascribed to functional abnormalities in fear learning, threat detection, executive function and emotional regulation, and contextual processing. Magnetic resonance imaging...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 22:00
Background Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the standard method for detecting allograft rejection in pediatric heart transplants (Htx). As EMB is invasive and carries a risk of complications, there is a need for a noninvasive alternative for allograft monitoring. Purpose To quantify left and right ventricular (LV & RV) peak velocities, velocity twist, and intra‐/interventricular dyssynchrony using tissue phase mapping (TPM) in pediatric Htx compared with controls, and to explore the relationship...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 19:24
Background Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced quantitative permeability (DCEQP) on magnetic resonance (MR) have been shown to correlate with neurovascular disease progression as markers of vascular leakage and hemosiderin deposition. Applying these techniques as monitoring biomarkers in clinical trials will be necessary; however, their validation across multiple MR platforms and institutions has not been rigorously verified. Purpose To validate quantitative...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 19:24
Background Placenta previa and accreta are serious obstetric conditions that are associated with a high risk of intraoperative massive hemorrhage. Purpose To develop a scoring system for intraoperative massive hemorrhage combining MRI and clinical characteristics to predict the risk of massive hemorrhage in placenta previa and accreta Study Type Retrospective cohort study. Subjects In all, 374 patients consisting of 259 patients with placenta previa and accreta after previous cesarean...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 22:29
Background T1 mapping is useful to quantify diffuse myocardial processes such as fibrosis, edema, storage disorders, or hemochromatosis. Normal pediatric myocardial T1 values are scarce using modified Look–Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequences and unavailable using Smart1Map, a single‐point saturation recovery sequence that measures true T1. Purpose/Hypothesis To establish normal pediatric myocardial T1 values by Smart1Map and to compare them with T1 by MOLLI. Study Type Prospective...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 22:29
Background In contrast to classical pulsed gradient diffusion‐weighted MRI, oscillating gradient diffusion‐weighted MR imaging (DWI) is sensitive to short distance diffusion changes at the intracellular level. Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of pulsed and oscillating DWI for characterizing hepatocellular nodules in a rat model of hepatic cirrhosis. Study Type Prospective, experimental study. Animal Model Cirrhosis was induced by weekly intraperitoneal injection of...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 22:29
Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2
Wed Sep 11, 2019 22:29
Background Magnetic field markings are occasionally used at MRI sites to provide visual feedback of magnetic field strength at locations within the MRI scan room for safety purposes. In addition to magnetic field line markings, relative magnetic force, or ratio of magnetic to gravitational forces on an object, may be considered a useful complementary metric to quantify the risk associated with bringing objects containing ferromagnetic material into the magnetic field. Purpose To develop and...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 22:29
Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy Stage: 1
Wed Sep 11, 2019 11:14
Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1
Wed Sep 11, 2019 11:25
Background Preoperative prediction of the grade of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) is important because of its effect on treatment planning. Purpose To assess the value of radiomics features in distinguishing histological grades of STSs. Study Type Retrospective. Population In all, 113 patients with pathology‐confirmed low‐grade (grade I), intermediate‐grade (grade II), or high‐grade (grade III) soft tissue sarcoma were collected. Field Strength/Sequence The 3.0T axial T1‐weighted...
Thu Sep 05, 2019 12:16
The 3D microarchitecture of the cardiac muscle underlies the mechanical and electrical properties of the heart. Cardiomyocytes are arranged helically through the depth of the wall, and their shortening leads to macroscopic torsion, twist, and shortening during cardiac contraction. Furthermore, cardiomyocytes are organized in sheetlets separated by shear layers, which reorientate, slip, and shear during macroscopic left ventricle (LV) wall thickening. Cardiac diffusion provides a means for noninvasive...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 22:50
Background Cerebral intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging assumes two components. However, more compartments are likely present in pathologic tissue. We hypothesized that spectral analysis using a nonnegative least‐squares (NNLS) approach can detect an additional, intermediate diffusion component, distinct from the parenchymal and microvascular components, in lesion‐prone regions. Purpose To investigate the presence of this intermediate diffusion component and its relation with cerebral...
Wed Sep 04, 2019 20:21
Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2
Tue Sep 03, 2019 19:47
Background Accurate detection and localization of prostate cancer (PCa) in men undergoing prostate MRI is a fundamental step for future targeted prostate biopsies and treatment planning. Fully automated localization of peripheral zone (PZ) PCa using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map might be clinically useful. Purpose/Hypothesis To describe automated localization of PCa in the PZ on ADC map MR images using an ensemble U‐Net‐based model. Study Type Retrospective, case–control....
Wed Aug 28, 2019 11:02
Background Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) using a gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) or a recently available spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging (SE‐EPI) sequence is a promising noninvasive method for measuring liver stiffness. However, it sometimes fails to measure stiffness values, thereby resulting in technical failures. Purpose To assess and compare technical failures of MRE for measuring liver stiffness between GRE and SE‐EPI sequences. Study Type Systematic review and meta‐analysis....
Tue Aug 27, 2019 21:59
Over the past few decades, the advent and development of genomic assessment methods and computational approaches have raised the hopes for identifying therapeutic targets that may aid in the treatment of glioblastoma. However, the targeted therapies have barely been successful in their effort to cure glioblastoma patients, leaving them with a grim prognosis. Glioblastoma exhibits high heterogeneity, both spatially and temporally. The existence of different genetic subpopulations in glioblastoma allows...
Tue Aug 27, 2019 16:53
Renal perfusion can be quantitatively assessed by multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, including dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE), arterial spin labeling (ASL), and diffusion‐weighted imaging with intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) analysis. In this review we summarize the advances in the field of renal‐perfusion MRI over the past 5 years. The review starts with a brief introduction of relevant MRI methods, followed by a discussion of recent technical developments. In the main section...
Tue Aug 27, 2019 10:44
Background Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can determine the presence and stage of liver fibrosis. Data on normative MRE values, while reported in adults, are limited in children. Purpose To determine the distribution of MRE‐measured liver stiffness in children without liver disease. Study Type Prospective, observational. Population Eighty‐one healthy children (mean 12.6 ± 2.6 years, range 8–17 years). Field Strength/Sequence 3.0T Signa HDxt, General Electric MR Scanner;...
Tue Aug 27, 2019 10:44
From detailed characterization of cardiac abnormalities to the assessment of cancer treatment‐related cardiac dysfunction, cardiac MRI is playing a growing role in the evaluation of cardiac pathology in oncology patients. Current guidelines are now incorporating the use of MRI for the comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to cancer management, and innovative applications of MRI in research are expanding its potential to provide a powerful noninvasive tool in the arsenal against cancer. This review...
Mon Aug 26, 2019 10:37
Background Previous studies have found widespread impairment of white matter (WM) integrity and disruption of structural network connectivity in cerebral small‐vessel disease, but have not evaluated these changes jointly in nondemented patients. Purpose To jointly investigate the microstructural impairment of WM and the related alterations of structural network topology in nondemented cerebral small‐vessel disease (CSVD‐ND). Study Type Prospective. Population Thirty‐seven CSVD‐ND...
Mon Aug 26, 2019 10:37
Background MRI is one of the most important techniques to assess the treatment response of gliomas. However, differentiating tumor recurrence (TuR) from treatment effects (TrE) remains challenging. Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of MR diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), arterial spin labeling (ASL), proton MR spectroscopy (MRS), and amide proton transfer (APT) imaging in differentiating between TuR and TrE in posttreatment glioma patients. Study Type Prospective. Population...
Tue Aug 20, 2019 16:12
Background Differentiation between inflammation and fibrosis is an important clinical distinction in patients with chronic liver disease, which has been difficult so far with MR elastography. Purpose To investigate whether dual‐frequency MR elastography can estimate necroinflammation of the liver and improve diagnostic performance for the staging of liver fibrosis. Study Type Retrospective. Subjects In all, 30 patients (14 males, 16 females) with chronic liver disease. Field...
Sun Aug 18, 2019 21:30
Background Texture analysis (TA) is an image‐analysis technique that detects complex intervoxel statistical patterns. 3D TA has shown potential in detecting cerebral degeneration not perceptible to the human eye in many neurological disorders. The reliability of this method's application in a multicenter study is unknown. Purpose To assess the intrasite and intersite reliability of a novel 3D TA method from data acquired systematically from the Canadian ALS Neuroimaging Consortium (CALSNIC)....
Sun Aug 18, 2019 21:29
In recent years, the existence of a mass transport system in the brain via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or interstitial fluid (ISF) has been suggested by many studies. The glymphatic system is hypothesized to be a waste clearance system of the CSF through the perivascular and interstitial spaces in the brain. Tracer studies have primarily been used to visualize or evaluate the waste clearance system in the brain, and evidence for this system has accumulated. The initial study that identified the glymphatic...
Sun Aug 18, 2019 19:29
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