AlphaStar, the AI built by tech firm DeepMind, has reached the top ranks of StarCraft II players, above 99.8 per cent of human gamers
Wed Oct 30, 2019 20:00
A drug that targets cancers with a mutated KRAS gene removed tumours in 8 out of 10 mice and shrunk tumours in 2 out of 4 people
Wed Oct 30, 2019 20:00
Researchers have managed to stitch together the final route Ötzi the Iceman took before he died by analysing 75 species of plant found with him
Wed Oct 30, 2019 20:00
To learn more about the mysteries of quantum chromodynamics, we are probing the universe’s densest stars, says Chanda Prescod-Weinstein in her latest column
Wed Oct 30, 2019 20:00
Google is famous for ditching projects it loses interest in. The road to workable quantum computers will be long, but we must stick with it, says Douglas Heaven
Wed Oct 30, 2019 20:00
NVIDIA, a chip manufacturer, has made an app that uses AI to show you what your pet would like if it were another animal
Wed Oct 30, 2019 19:47
Having sex might have helped start your pregnancy but it’s not going to help you when push comes to shove
Wed Oct 30, 2019 18:27
New batteries will mean it could take just 10 minutes to charge electric cars enough to travel 300 kilometres – and the batteries still work after 2500 charge cycles
Wed Oct 30, 2019 17:00
Firms are racing to create a real-time database of every object on Earth larger than a car. It would help investors and conservationists, but could it be abused?
Wed Oct 30, 2019 13:35
Brain Sciences, Vol. 9, Pages 299: Autoimmune Encephalitis and CSF Anti-GluR3 Antibodies in an MS Patient after Alemtuzumab Treatment Brain Sciences doi: 10.3390/brainsci9110299 Authors: Maria Chiara Buscarinu Arianna Fornasiero Giulia Pellicciari Roberta Reniè Anna Chiara Landi Alessandro Bozzao Cristina Cappelletti Pia Bernasconi Giovanni Ristori Marco Salvetti A 45-year-old Italian woman, affected by relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS)...
Wed Oct 30, 2019 02:00
Comet Borisov was recently detected entering the solar system from interstellar space, and now it seems it is carrying water from another planetary system
Wed Oct 30, 2019 13:12
People seem to be answering survey questions randomly on Amazon's crowdsourcing website, which could mean many academic studies are wrong
Wed Oct 30, 2019 13:00
Brain Sciences, Vol. 9, Pages 298: Do EEG and Startle Reflex Modulation Vary with Self-Reported Aggression in Response to Violent Images? Brain Sciences doi: 10.3390/brainsci9110298 Authors: Sajeev Kunaharan Sean Halpin Thiagarajan Sitharthan Peter Walla Increased violence and aggressive tendencies are a problem in much of the world and are often symptomatic of many other neurological and psychiatric conditions. Among clinicians, current methods of diagnosis of problem aggressive...
Wed Oct 30, 2019 02:00
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Polygenic burden in focal and generalized epilepsies’, by Leu et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awz292).
Wed Oct 30, 2019 02:00
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Exacerbation of C1q dysregulation, synaptic loss and memory deficits in tau pathology linked to neuronal adenosine A2A receptors’, by Carvalho et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awz288).
Wed Oct 30, 2019 02:00
This issue of Brain features an article by Yaping Chu and colleagues, who report that intrastriatal injection of fibrillar α-synuclein in cynomologus monkeys triggers the formation of intraneuronal inclusions reminiscent of Lewy bodies, and partial loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic innervation. This complements and extends studies in rodents, which have shown that recombinant α-synuclein injected as preformed fibrils leads to detergent-insoluble aggregates enriched in α-synuclein originating from...
Wed Oct 30, 2019 02:00
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Intrastriatal alpha-synuclein fibrils in monkeys: spreading, imaging and neuropathological changes’, by Chu et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awz296).
Wed Oct 30, 2019 02:00
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Magnetoencephalography imaging of high frequency oscillations strengthens presurgical localization and outcome prediction’, by Velmurugan et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awz284).
Wed Oct 30, 2019 02:00
Mutations in PCYT2 disrupt etherlipid biosynthesis and cause a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia
AbstractCTP:phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase (ET), encoded by PCYT2, is the rate-limiting enzyme for phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis via the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. Phosphatidylethanolamine is one of the most abundant membrane lipids and is particularly enriched in the brain. We identified five individuals with biallelic PCYT2 variants clinically characterized by global developmental delay with regression, spastic para- or tetraparesis, epilepsy and progressive cerebral and cerebellar...
Tue Oct 22, 2019 03:00
AbstractTraumatic microbleeds are small foci of hypointensity seen on T2*-weighted MRI in patients following head trauma that have previously been considered a marker of axonal injury. The linear appearance and location of some traumatic microbleeds suggests a vascular origin. The aims of this study were to: (i) identify and characterize traumatic microbleeds in patients with acute traumatic brain injury; (ii) determine whether appearance of traumatic microbleeds predict clinical outcome; and (iii)...
Mon Oct 14, 2019 03:00
AbstractRare genetic variants can cause epilepsy, and genetic testing has been widely adopted for severe, paediatric-onset epilepsies. The phenotypic consequences of common genetic risk burden for epilepsies and their potential future clinical applications have not yet been determined. Using polygenic risk scores (PRS) from a European-ancestry genome-wide association study in generalized and focal epilepsy, we quantified common genetic burden in patients with generalized epilepsy (GE-PRS) or focal...
Mon Oct 14, 2019 03:00
Fri Oct 11, 2019 03:00
Fri Oct 11, 2019 03:00
Fri Oct 11, 2019 03:00
AbstractImpulsive compulsive behaviours in Parkinson’s disease have been linked to increased dopaminergic release in the ventral striatum and excessive stimulation of dopamine D3 receptors. Thirty-one patients with impulsive compulsive behaviours and Parkinson’s disease who donated their brains to the Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders were assessed for α-synuclein neuropathological load and tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the nucleus accumbens, dorsal putamen and caudate using immunohistochemistry....
Fri Oct 11, 2019 03:00
AbstractReduced levels of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease contribute to changes in learning, resulting from the loss of midbrain neurons that transmit a dopaminergic teaching signal to the striatum. Dopamine medication used by patients with Parkinson’s disease has previously been linked to behavioural changes during learning as well as to adjustments in value-based decision-making after learning. To date, however, little is known about the specific relationship between dopaminergic medication-driven...
Fri Oct 11, 2019 03:00
Fri Oct 11, 2019 03:00
Fri Oct 11, 2019 03:00
AbstractAccumulating data support the role of tau pathology in cognitive decline in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease, but underlying mechanisms remain ill-defined. Interestingly, ageing and Alzheimer’s disease have been associated with an abnormal upregulation of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), a fine tuner of synaptic plasticity. However, the link between A2AR signalling and tau pathology has remained largely unexplored. In the present study, we report for the first time a significant upregulation...
Thu Oct 10, 2019 03:00
AbstractChloride-permeable glycine receptors have an important role in fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the spinal cord and brainstem. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies to glycine receptors are found in a substantial proportion of patients with progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus, and less frequently in other variants of stiff person syndrome. Demonstrating a pathogenic role of glycine receptor autoantibodies would help justify the use of immunomodulatory therapies...
Tue Oct 08, 2019 03:00
Tue Oct 08, 2019 03:00
AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated that intrastriatal injections of fibrillar α-synuclein in rodent brain induced a Parkinson’s disease-like propagation of Lewy body pathology with significant nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. This study evaluated the pathological features when exogenous α-synuclein preformed fibrils were injected into the putamen of non-human primates. Eight cynomolgus monkeys received unilateral intraputamen injections of α-synuclein preformed fibrils and four monkeys received...
Thu Oct 03, 2019 03:00
A quantitative neuropathological assessment of translocator protein expression in multiple sclerosis
AbstractThe 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is increasingly used to study brain and spinal cord inflammation in degenerative diseases of the CNS such as multiple sclerosis. The enhanced TSPO PET signal that arises during disease is widely considered to reflect activated pathogenic microglia, although quantitative neuropathological data to support this interpretation have not been available. With the increasing interest in the role of chronic microglial activation in multiple sclerosis, characterising...
Thu Oct 03, 2019 03:00
AbstractAge at onset of Alzheimer’s disease is highly variable, and its modifiers (genetic or environmental) could act through epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation at CpG sites. DNA methylation is also linked to ageing—the strongest Alzheimer’s disease risk factor. DNA methylation age can be calculated using age-related CpGs and might reflect biological ageing. We conducted a clinical, genetic and epigenetic investigation of a unique Ashkenazi Jewish family with monozygotic triplets, two of...
Thu Oct 03, 2019 03:00
Brain Sciences, Vol. 9, Pages 297: Myelin Pathology: Involvement of Molecular Chaperones and the Promise of Chaperonotherapy Brain Sciences doi: 10.3390/brainsci9110297 Authors: Federica Scalia Antonella Marino Gammazza Everly Conway de Macario Alberto J. L. Macario Francesco Cappello The process of axon myelination involves various proteins including molecular chaperones. Myelin alteration is a common feature in neurological diseases due to structural and functional abnormalities...
Wed Oct 30, 2019 02:00
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