1.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224490. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224490. eCollection 2019.
Healthcare needs and programmatic gaps in transition from pediatric to adult care of vertically transmitted HIV infected adolescents in India.
Author information
- 1
- Division of Social and Behavioral Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research Institute (ICMR-NARI), Pune, India.
Abstract
Treatment transition for 'adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV' (ALPH) from paediatric to adult care is not addressed adequately. This study explores the ALPH's health care needs and programmatic gaps in health systems for the care of ALPH in India. Forty-nine in-depth interviews were conducted with purposively selected primary and key stakeholders in India. Thematic analysis utilizing grounded theory was performed in QSR NUD*IST 6. Stakeholders explicitly recognized adolescent HIV to be a critical public health issue which requires a separate mandate in India. It was found that none of the health policies in India focus on adolescent age group; ALPH is therefore even more neglected population. No/partial HIV disclosure to ALPH is the first crisis for retention in care continuum and adherence to the treatment becomes sub-optimal. Unmet needs of transitioning from paediatric to adult care in existing settings was the major gap. Age-specific counselling guidelines and counselling skills among HCPs were found lacking where tailored counseling and capacity building of HCPs was an expectation. Need of holistic approach for adolescents led to consensus on establishing 'adolescent transition clinic' with a strict 'no' for 'standalone Adolescent HIV' clinics. School setting having peer-based counselling provision was recommended. Age disaggregated health data is required to inform the policymakers about adolescents' specific needs for developing interventions. Situational analysis to identify and shape health priorities of adolescents is recommended.
2.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0222927. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222927. eCollection 2019.
Common variants in glyoxalase I do not increase chronic pancreatitis risk.
Kaune T1, Hollenbach M2, Keil B1, Chen JM3,4, Masson E3,4, Becker C1, Damm M1, Ruffert C1, Grützmann R5, Hoffmeister A2, Te Morsche RHM6, Cavestro GM7, Zuppardo RA7, Saftoiu A8, Malecka-Panas E9, Głuszek S10, Bugert P11, Lerch MM12, Weiss FU12, Zou WB13, Liao Z13, Hegyi P14,15, Drenth JP6, Riedel J1, Férec C3,4, Scholz M16,17, Kirsten H16,17, Tóth A18, Ewers M18, Witt H18, Griesmann H1, Michl P1, Rosendahl J1.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany.
- 2
- Medical Department II-Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases, Pulmonology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
- 3
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1078, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS)-Bretagne, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.
- 4
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Histocompatibilité, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Brest, France.
- 5
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chirurgische Klinik, Erlangen, Germany.
- 6
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud umc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- 7
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- 8
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania.
- 9
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland.
- 10
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland.
- 11
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg, Mannheim, Germany.
- 12
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
- 13
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- 14
- Institute for Translational Medicine and First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
- 15
- HAS-SZTE, Momentum Gastroenterology Multidisciplinary Research Group, Szeged, Hungary.
- 16
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- 17
- LIFE- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- 18
- Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin (EKFZ), Paediatric Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München (TUM), Freising, Germany.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) may be caused by oxidative stress. An important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the methylglyoxal-derived formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE). Methylglyoxal is detoxified by Glyoxalase I (GLO1). A reduction in GLO1 activity results in increased ROS. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GLO1 have been linked to various inflammatory diseases. Here, we analyzed whether common GLO1 variants are associated with alcoholic (ACP) and non-alcoholic CP (NACP).
METHODS:
Using melting curve analysis, we genotyped a screening cohort of 223 ACP, 218 NACP patients, and 328 controls for 11 tagging SNPs defined by the SNPinfo LD TAG SNP Selection tool and the functionally relevant variant rs4746. For selected variants the cohorts were extended to up to 1,441 patient samples.
RESULTS:
In the ACP cohort, comparison of genotypes for rs1937780 between patients and controls displayed an ambiguous result in the screening cohort (p = 0.08). However, in the extended cohort of 1,441 patients no statistically significant association was found for the comparison of genotypes (p = 0.11), nor in logistic regression analysis (p = 0.214, OR 1.072, 95% CI 0.961-1.196). In the NACP screening cohort SNPs rs937662, rs1699012, and rs4746 displayed an ambiguous result when patients were compared to controls in the recessive or dominant model (p = 0.08, 0.08, and 0.07, respectively). Again, these associations were not confirmed in the extended cohorts (rs937662, dominant model: p = 0.07, logistic regression: p = 0.07, OR 1.207, 95% CI 0.985-1.480) or in the replication cohorts for rs4746 (Germany, p = 0.42, OR 1.080, 95% CI 0.673-1.124; France, p = 0.19, OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.76-1.06; China, p = 0.24, OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.54) and rs1699012 (Germany, Munich; p = 0.279, OR 0.903, 95% CI 0.750-1.087).
CONCLUSIONS:
Common GLO1 variants do not increase chronic pancreatitis risk.
3.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224510. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224510. eCollection 2019.
Increased rate of FEV1 decline in HIV patients despite effective treatment with HAART.
Samperiz G1, Fanjul F2,3, Valera JL2, Lopez M3, Rios Á3, Peñaranda M2,3, Campins A2,3, Riera M2,3, Agusti A4,5.
Author information
- 1
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
- 2
- Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- 3
- Institut d`Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- 4
- Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Univ. Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- 5
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION:
Previous studies have reported that the rate of FEV1 decline over time is increased in HIV patients but the mechanisms underlying this observation are unclear. Since current HIV treatment with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) results in very good immune-viral control, we hypothesized that HAART should normalize the elevated rate of FEV1 decline previously reported in HIV patients if it was somehow related to the immune alterations caused by HIV, particularly in never smokers or quitters, since smoking is a well established risk factor for accelerated FEV1 decline in the general population.
METHODS:
We explored this hypothesis in a prospectively recruited cohort of 188 HIV (smoker and non-smoker) patients treated with HAART in Palma de Mallorca (Spain) and followed-up for 6 years. The cross-sectional characteristics of this cohort have been published elsewhere.
RESULTS:
We found that: (1) HAART resulted in good immune-viral control; (2) the rate of FEV1 decline remained abnormally elevated, even in non-smokers and quitters; and, (3) alcohol abuse during follow-up was related to FEV1 decline in these patients.
DISCUSSION:
Despite adequate immune-viral control by HAART, lung function decline remains increased in most HIV patients, even in non-smokers and quitters. Alcohol abuse is a preventable risk factor to decrease the accelerated FEV1 decline in this population.
4.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224501. eCollection 2019.
Detection and genetic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus mitochondrial DNA in serum and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded cyst tissue samples of cystic echinococcosis patients.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- 2
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. We investigated the presence of E. granulosus-specific DNA in the serum of CE patients by detecting the cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (nad1) mitochondrial genes. Serum and formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) cyst tissue samples of 80 CE patients were analyzed. The extracted DNA of samples was submitted to PCR amplification of cox1 and nad1 genes, and products were sequenced and genotyped. Nineteen (23.8%; 95% CI 15.8-34.1) serum and 78 (97.5%; 95% CI 91.3-99.3) FFPE cyst tissue samples were successfully amplified with at least one gene. Echinococcus DNA was detected in the sera of 15.0% (95% CI: 8.8-24.4) and 10.0% (95% CI: 5.2-18.5) and in cyst tissue of 91.3% (95% CI: 83.0-95.7) and 83.8% (95% CI: 74.2-90.3) of 80 patients by cox1 and nad1 gene, respectively. Four genotypes of E. granulosus were distinguished in the CE patients, with predominance of genotype G1, followed by G3, G2, and G6. The finding of E. granulosus DNA in 23.8% of serum samples from CE patients confirmed that E. granulosus releases cell-free DNA into the circulatory system, but quantities may be inadequate for the diagnosis of CE. Genotype G1 predominance suggests the sheep-dog cycle as the primary route of human infection.
5.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224484. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224484. eCollection 2019.
Transcript profile of skeletal muscle lipid metabolism genes affected by diet in a piglet model of low birth weight.
Author information
- 1
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee, Dummerstorf, Germany.
- 2
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee, Dummerstorf, Germany.
- 3
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria.
Abstract
Dysregulated skeletal muscle metabolism (DSMM) is associated with increased inter- and intramuscular fat deposition in low birth weight (L) individuals. The mechanisms behind DSMM in L individuals are not completely understood but decreased muscle mass and shifts in lipid and carbohydrate utilisation may contribute. Previously, we observed lower fat oxidation in a porcine model of low birth weight. To elucidate the biological activities underpinning this difference microfluidic arrays were used to assess mRNA associated with lipid metabolism in longissimus dorsi (LD) and semitendinosus (ST) skeletal muscle samples from thirty-six female L and normal birth weight (N) pigs. Plasma samples were collected from a sub-population to measure metabolite concentrations. Following overnight fasting, skeletal muscle and plasma samples were collected and the association with birth weight, diet and age was assessed. Reduced dietary fat was associated with decreased LD intermuscular fat deposition and beta-oxidation associated mRNA, in both birth weight groups. Lipid uptake and intramuscular fat deposition associated mRNA was reduced in only L pigs. Abundance of ST mRNA associated with lipolysis, lipid synthesis and transport increased in both birth weight groups. Lipid uptake associated mRNA reduced in only L pigs. These changes were associated with decreased plasma L glucose and N triacylglycerol. Post-dietary fat reduction, LD mRNA associated with lipid synthesis and inter- and intramuscular fat deposition increased in L, whilst beta-oxidation associated mRNA remains elevated for longer in N. In the ST, mRNA associated with lipolysis and intramuscular fat deposition increased in both birth weight groups, however this increase was more significant in L pigs and associated with reduced beta-oxidation. Analysis of muscle lipid metabolism associated mRNA revealed that profile shifts are a consequence of birth weight. Whilst, many of the adaptions to diet and age appear to be similar in birth weight groups, the magnitude of response and individual changes underpin the previously observed lower fat oxidation in L pigs.
6.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0223562. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223562. eCollection 2019.
RCT evaluation of Skhokho: A holistic school intervention to prevent gender-based violence among South African Grade 8s.
Author information
- 1
- Gender & Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.
- 2
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- 3
- Independent Consultant, Cape Town, South Africa.
- 4
- Foundation for Professional Development, Pretoria, South Africa.
- 5
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Abstract
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02349321.
7.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224394. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224394. eCollection 2019.
The role of hope for health professionals in rehabilitation: A qualitative study on unfavorable prognosis communication.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne and Swiss Paraplegic Research, Lucerne/Nottwil, Switzerland.
- 2
- Sasso Corbaro Medical Humanities Foundation, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
- 3
- Rehabilitation Clinic, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Novaggio, Switzerland.
- 4
- Psychiatry Consultation Liaison Service, Organizzazione Sociopsichiatrica Cantonale, Mendrisio, Switzerland.
- 5
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The communication of prognosis represents an ethical and clinical challenge in medical practice due to the inherent uncertain character of prognostic projections. The literature has stressed that the mode of communicating prognoses has an impact on patients' hope, which is considered to play a major role in adapting to illness and disability. In light of this, this study aims to explore health professionals' (HPs) perceptions of the role of hope in rehabilitation and to examine if and how they use strategies to maintain hope when discussing prognostic information with patients.
METHODS:
Eleven qualitative semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of HPs were conducted at two rehabilitation clinics in the Canton of Ticino, Switzerland. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.
RESULTS:
The HPs perceive hope in rehabilitation as a double-edged sword. Three main strategies were identified to maintain hope while avoiding false hope: 1) giving space for self-evaluation; 2) tailoring the communication of prognostic information; and 3) supporting the patient in dealing with the prognosis. These strategies are particularly suitable when HPs consider that patients might not be ready to accept the prognosis, due to their expectations for recovery.
CONCLUSIONS:
The strategies identified here support a person-centered approach to the communication of prognosis and are in line with existing protocols for the communication of unfavorable medical information. The findings emphasize the need for strengthening communication and inter-professional collaboration skills of rehabilitation HPs.
8.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224373. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224373. eCollection 2019.
Divergence history and hydrothermal vent adaptation of decapod crustaceans: A mitogenomic perspective.
Author information
- 1
- Deep Sea Research Center, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, China.
- 2
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
- 3
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
- 4
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Abstract
Decapod crustaceans, such as alvinocaridid shrimps, bythograeid crabs and galatheid squat lobsters are important fauna in the hydrothermal vents and have well adapted to hydrothermal vent environments. In this study, eighteen mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of hydrothermal vent decapods were used to explore the evolutionary history and their adaptation to the hydrothermal vent habitats. BI and ML algorithms produced consistent phylogeny for Decapoda. The phylogenetic relationship revealed more evolved positions for all the hydrothermal vent groups, indicating they migrated from non-vent environments, instead of the remnants of ancient hydrothermal vent species, which support the extinction/repopulation hypothesis. The divergence time estimation on the Alvinocarididae, Bythograeidae and Galatheoidea nodes are located at 75.20, 56.44 and 47.41-50.43 Ma, respectively, which refers to the Late Cretaceous origin of alvinocaridid shrimps and the Early Tertiary origin of bythograeid crabs and galatheid squat lobsters. These origin stories are thought to associate with the global deep-water anoxic/dysoxic events. Total eleven positively selected sites were detected in the mitochondrial OXPHOS genes of three lineages of hydrothermal vent decapods, suggesting a link between hydrothermal vent adaption and OXPHOS molecular biology in decapods. This study adds to the understanding of the link between mitogenome evolution and ecological adaptation to hydrothermal vent habitats in decapods.
9.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224392. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224392. eCollection 2019.
Factors associated with pneumococcal carriage and density in infants and young children in Laos PDR.
Dunne EM1,2, Choummanivong M3, Neal EFG1,2, Stanhope K1, Nguyen CD1,2, Xeuatvongsa A4, Satzke C1,2,5, Sychareun V3, Russell FM1,2.
Author information
- 1
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- 2
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- 3
- University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.
- 4
- Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.
- 5
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a precursor to pneumococcal disease. Several host and environmental factors have been associated with pneumococcal carriage, however few studies have examined the relationship between host factors and pneumococcal carriage density. We sought to identify risk factors for pneumococcal carriage and density using data from cross-sectional pneumococcal carriage surveys conducted in the Lao People's Democratic Republic before and after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected infants from aged 5-8 weeks old (n = 999) and children aged 12-23 months (n = 1,010), pneumococci detected by quantitative PCR, and a risk factor questionnaire completed. Logistic and linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between participant characteristics and pneumococcal carriage and density. In infants aged 5-8 weeks, living in a household with two or more children under the age of five years (aOR 1.97; 95% CI 1.39-2.79) and low family income (aOR 1.64; 95% CI 0.99-2.72) were positively associated with pneumococcal carriage. For children aged 12-23 months, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms (aOR 2.64; 95% CI 1.97-3.53), two or more children under five in the household (aOR 2.40; 95% CI 1.80-3.20), and rural residence (aOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.35-2.50) were positively associated with pneumococcal carriage. PCV13 vaccination was negatively associated with carriage of PCV13 serotypes (aOR 0.60; 95% CI 0.44-0.83). URTI symptoms (p < 0.001), current breastfeeding (p = 0.005), rural residence (p = 0.012), and delivery by Caesarean section (p = 0.035) were associated with higher mean pneumococcal density in pneumococcal carriers (both age groups combined). This study provides new data on pneumococcal carriage and density in a high disease burden setting in southeast Asia.
10.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224376. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224376. eCollection 2019.
Evolving flocking in embodied agents based on local and global application of Reynolds' rules.
Author information
- 1
- Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Lisbon, Portugal.
- 2
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal.
- 3
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Lisbon, Portugal.
- 4
- Embodied Systems for Robotics and Learning at the Mærsk Mc-Kinney Møller Institute, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark.
Abstract
In large scale systems of embodied agents, such as robot swarms, the ability to flock is essential in many tasks. However, the conditions necessary to artificially evolve self-organised flocking behaviours remain unknown. In this paper, we study and demonstrate how evolutionary techniques can be used to synthesise flocking behaviours, in particular, how fitness functions should be designed to evolve high-performing controllers. We start by considering Reynolds' seminal work on flocking, the boids model, and design three components of a fitness function that are directly based on his three local rules to enforce local separation, cohesion and alignment. Results show that embedding Reynolds' rules in the fitness function can lead to the successful evolution of flocking behaviours. However, only local, fragmented flocking behaviours tend to evolve when fitness scores are based on the individuals' conformity to Reynolds' rules. We therefore modify the components of the fitness function so that they consider the entire group of agents simultaneously, and find that the resulting behaviours lead to global flocking. Furthermore, the results show that alignment need not be explicitly rewarded to successfully evolve flocking. Our study thus represents a significant step towards the use of evolutionary techniques to synthesise collective behaviours for tasks in which embodied agents need to move as a single, cohesive group.
11.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224459. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224459. eCollection 2019.
Risk factors for hepatitis C infection among adult patients in Kedah state, Malaysia: A case-control study.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- 2
- Clinical Research Centre, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.
- 3
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia.
Abstract
Hepatitis C infection is a global public health problem. This study was designed to identify the risk factors associated with hepatitis C infection among adult patients in Kedah state, Malaysia. A matched, hospital-based, case-control study was conducted at a tertiary hospital. Cases were adult (aged ≥ 18 years) patients with positive serology test results for hepatitis C virus antibody and detectable hepatitis C virus RNA from January 2015 to December 2018, and controls were age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched patients who were not infected with hepatitis C virus. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data on demographic characteristics and previous exposure to selected risk factors among the study participants. Associations between hepatitis C and demographic and risk factors were assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. A total of 255 case-control patient pairs were enrolled. The multivariable analysis indicated that having a history of blood or blood product transfusion before 1992 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 6.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.73-13.81), injection drug use (AOR = 6.60, 95% CI: 3.66-12.43), imprisonment (AOR = 4.58, 95% CI: 1.62-16.40), tattooing (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.37-12.00), having more than one sexual partner (AOR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.16-3.69), piercing (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.04-2.80), and having only secondary education (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.06-3.57) were independently associated with hepatitis C. No associations were found between health care occupation, needle-prick injury, surgical procedures, haemodialysis, acupuncture, cupping, or contact sports and hepatitis C infection. These findings demonstrate that hepatitis C risk is multifactorial. Having a history of blood or blood product transfusion before 1992, injection drug use, imprisonment, tattooing, having more than one sexual partner, piercing, and having only secondary education were associated with increased odds of hepatitis C.
12.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224474. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224474. eCollection 2019.
Non-resolution of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among urban, adult Sri Lankans in the general population: A prospective, cohort follow-up study.
Niriella MA1, Kasturiratna A1, Beddage T1, Ediriweera DS1, De Silva ST1, Perera KR2, Subasinghe CE2, Kodisinghe SK2, Piyaratna TC2, Rishikesawan V2, Dassanayaka AS1, De Silva AP1, Pathmeswaran A1, Wickramasinghe AR1, Kato N3, Janaka de Silva H1.
Author information
- 1
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
- 2
- University Medical Unit, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
- 3
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
There are few studies investigating the natural course of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the community. We assessed resolution of NAFLD in a general population cohort of urban Sri Lankans adults.
METHODS:
Participants were selected by age-stratified random sampling from electoral lists. They were initially screened in 2007 and re-evaluated in 2014. On both occasions structured interview, anthropometric-measurements, liver ultrasonography, and biochemical/serological tests were performed. NAFLD was diagnosed on ultrasound criteria for fatty liver, safe-alcohol consumption (<14-units/week for men, <7-units/week for women) and absence of hepatitis B/C markers. Non-NAFLD was diagnosed on absence of any ultrasound criteria for fatty liver and safe-alcohol consumption. Resolution of NAFLD was defined as absence of ultrasound criteria for fatty liver. Changes in anthropometric indices [Weight, Body-Mass-Index (BMI), waist-circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR)], clinical [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and biochemical measurements [Triglycerides (TG), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Total Cholesterol (TC), HbA1c%] at baseline and follow-up were compared.
RESULTS:
Of the 2985 original study participants, 2148 (71.9%) attended follow-up after 7 years. This included 705 who had NAFLD in 2007 and 834 who did not have NAFLD in 2007. Out of 705 who had NAFLD in 2007, 11(1.6%) changed their NAFLD status due to excess alcohol consumption. After controlling for baseline values, NAFLD patients showed significant reduction in BMI, weight, WHR, HDL and TC levels and increase in HbA1c levels compared to non-NAFLD people. Despite this, none of them had complete resolution of NAFLD.
CONCLUSION:
We did not find resolution of NAFLD in this general population cohort. The observed improvements in anthropometric, clinical and biochemical measurements were inadequate for resolution of NAFLD.
13.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224575. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224575. eCollection 2019.
Antinociceptive compounds and LC-DAD-ESIMSn profile from Dictyoloma vandellianum leaves.
Abreu LS1,2, Alves IM3, Espírito Santo RFD2,4, Nascimento YMD1, Dantas CAG1, Dos Santos GGL4, Le Hyaric M5, Guedes MLS6, da Silva MS1, Villarreal CF2,4, Velozo EDS2,3, Tavares JF1.
Author information
- 1
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
- 2
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
- 3
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
- 4
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.
- 5
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
- 6
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
Abstract
Limonoids, quinolone alkaloids and chromones have been reported as constituents of Dictyoloma vandellianum Adr. Juss. (Rutaceae). Although those compounds are known for their biological activities, only the anti-inflammatory activity of chromones isolated from the underground parts has been evaluated. There are no studies of the pharmacological properties of the aerial parts of D. vandellianum. The present study was carried out to determine the phytochemical profile and antinociceptive activity of the methanol extract, fractions and isolated compounds of leaves of D. vandellianum. The phytochemical profile was performed by HLPC-DAD-ESIMSn and pure substances obtained were characterized by MS and NMR spectroscopy. The antinociceptive activity was assessed using the formalin assay in mice, and the motor function in the rotarod test. ME and all the fractions obtained from ME produced antinociceptive effects. Among them, the ethyl ether fraction was the most active. Data from HPLC-DAD-ESIMSn showed that the ethyl ether fraction presented 42 compounds. The major compounds isolated from this fraction-gallic acid, methyl gallate and 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose-were tested and produced antinociceptive effects. Gallic acid, methyl gallate and 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose at antinociceptive doses did not affect the motor performance in mice in the rotarod test. This work is the first report of the occurrence of gallotanins in D. vandellianum. In addition, the pharmacological study showed that D. vandellianum leaves present antinociceptive activity, probably induced by gallic acid, methyl gallate and 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose.
14.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224521. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224521. eCollection 2019.
On the development of sleep states in the first weeks of life.
Author information
- 1
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
- 2
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience (CCNS), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
- 3
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- 4
- ITS Informationstechnik & System-Management, Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Salzburg, Austria.
Abstract
Human newborns spend up to 18 hours sleeping. The organization of their sleep differs immensely from adult sleep, and its quick maturation and fundamental changes correspond to the rapid cortical development at this age. Manual sleep classification is specifically challenging in this population given major body movements and frequent shifts between vigilance states; in addition various staging criteria co-exist. In the present study we utilized a machine learning approach and investigated how EEG complexity and sleep stages evolve during the very first weeks of life. We analyzed 42 full-term infants which were recorded twice (at week two and five after birth) with full polysomnography. For sleep classification EEG signal complexity was estimated using multi-scale permutation entropy and fed into a machine learning classifier. Interestingly the baby's brain signal complexity (and spectral power) revealed developmental changes in sleep in the first 5 weeks of life, and were restricted to NREM ("quiet") and REM ("active sleep") states with little to no changes in state wake. Data demonstrate that our classifier performs well over chance (i.e., >33% for 3-class classification) and reaches almost human scoring accuracy (60% at week-2, 73% at week-5). Altogether, these results demonstrate that characteristics of newborn sleep develop rapidly in the first weeks of life and can be efficiently identified by means of machine learning techniques.
15.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224523. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224523. eCollection 2019.
CCR5 receptor antagonism inhibits hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in vitro.
Author information
- 1
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
- 2
- Digestive Health Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
- 3
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
- 4
- Neurology Division, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
- 5
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM:
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-strand RNA virus that infects millions of people worldwide. Recent advances in therapy have led to viral cure using two- and three- drug combinations of direct acting inhibitors of viral replication. CCR5 is a chemokine receptor that is expressed on hepatocytes and represents a key co-receptor for HIV. We evaluated the effect of CCR5 blockade or knockdown on HCV replication in Huh7.5JFH1 cells.
METHODS:
Cells were exposed to varying concentrations of maraviroc (CCR5 inhibitor), cenicriviroc (CCR2/CCR5 inhibitor), sofosbuvir (nucleotide polymerase inhibitor), or raltegravir (HIV integrase inhibitor).
RESULTS:
HCV RNA was detected utilizing two qualitative strand-specific RT-PCR assays. HCV core antigen and NS3 protein was quantified in the supernatant and cell lysate, respectively. siRNA was utilized to knockdown CCR5 gene expression in hepatocytes. Alternatively, anti-CCR5 antibodies were employed to block the receptor. Supernatant levels of HCV RNA (expressed as fold change) were not reduced in the presence of raltegravir but were reduced 8.55-fold and 12.42-fold with cenicriviroc and maraviroc, respectively. Sofosbuvir resulted in a 16.20-fold change in HCV RNA levels. HCV core and NS3 protein production was also reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Two distinct anti-CCR5 antibodies also resulted in a significant reduction in HCV protein expression, as did siRNA knockdown of CCR5 gene expression.
CONCLUSIONS:
These data provide evidence that CCR5 modulation could have a significant effect on HCV replication in an in vitro system. Further evaluation of the role of CCR5 inhibition in clinical settings may be warranted.
16.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224455. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224455. eCollection 2019.
Impaired processing of threat in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of factorial data in male offender populations.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
- 2
- Centre for Cognition, Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (CNNI), Department of Psychology, Roehampton University, London, United Kingdom.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterised by two underlying factors. Factor 1 (affective and interpersonal deficits) captures affective deficits, whilst Factor 2 (antisocial and impulsive/disorganised behaviours) captures life course persistent antisocial behaviours. Impaired processing of threat has been proposed as an aetiologically salient factor in the development of psychopathy, but the relationship of this impairment to the factorial structure of the disorder in adult male offenders is unclear.
OBJECTIVES:
To investigate whether threat processing deficits are characteristic of psychopathy as a unitary construct or whether such deficits are specifically linked to higher scores on individual factors.
DATA SOURCES:
A systematic review of the literature was conducted by searching PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO.
METHODS:
Studies were included if they (1) reported physiological measures of threat response as the primary outcome measure (2) indexed psychopathy using a well-validated clinician rated instrument such as the PCL-R (3) investigated male offenders between 18 and 60 years of age (4) reported threat processing analyses using both Factor 1 and Factor 2 scores (5) provided sufficient data to calculate effect sizes and (6) were published in English-language peer-reviewed journals. We identified twelve studies with data on 1112 participants for the meta-analysis of the relationship with Factor 1 scores, and nine studies with data on 801 participants for the meta-analysis of the relationship with Factor 2 scores. We conducted the meta-analyses to calculate correlations using random-effects models.
RESULTS:
PCL-R/SV Factor 1 scores were significantly and negatively related to threat processing indices (r = -0.22, (95%CI [-0.28, -.017]). Neither PCL-R/SV Factor 2 scores (r = -0.005, 95%CI [-0.10, 0.09]), nor PCL-R total score (r = -0.05, (95%CI [-0.15, -0.04]) were related to threat processing indices. No significant heterogeneity was detected for the Factor score results.
CONCLUSIONS:
The meta-analyses of the distinct psychopathy factors suggest that the threat processing deficits observed in male offenders with psychopathy are significantly associated with higher scores on Factor 1. A similar relationship does not exist with Factor 2 scores. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the potentially discrete relationships between aetiological variables and the two factor constructs in the disorder.
17.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224372. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224372. eCollection 2019.
Unraveling middle childhood attachment-related behavior sequences using a micro-coding approach.
Author information
- 1
- Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- 2
- Clinical Psychology Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- 3
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- 4
- Clinical Child and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
Attachment theory states that children learn to trust in their parent's availability and support if they repeatedly experience that their parents respond sensitively to their needs during distress. Attachment is thus developed and shaped by day-to-day interactions, while at the same time, each interaction is a momentary expression of the attachment relation. How attachment-related behaviors of mother and child follow upon each other during interactions in middle childhood, and how these sequences differ in function of attachment quality, has hardly been studied up to now. To fill this gap, we analyzed the micro-coded interaction of 55 mother-child dyads (27 girls, 28 boys, mean age: 10.3) after a standardized stress-induction. Results reveal that all mother-child dyads show a loop between positive mother and child behaviors. This pattern is complemented with a loop of negative mother and child behaviors in low-trust and more avoidantly attached children: these children tend to handle negative mother behavior less well as they show more negative behavior and less positive behavior in response to negative maternal behavior. More anxiously attached children also show less positive behavior, but react positively on collaborative interactions. The micro-coded interactions thus reveal important insights that inform practitioners and advance attachment theory.
18.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224418. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224418. eCollection 2019.
Applying Corrigan's progressive model of self-stigma to people with depression.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
- 2
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
- 3
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The progressive model of self-stigma describes four stages of internalizing stereotypes of mental illness: stereotype awareness, personal agreement, self-concurrence, and harm to self (i.e., self-esteem). Successive stages are postulated to be the most highly related. Endorsement is presumed to decrease by stage. The model has been supported in most but not all elements in various studies. The procedural character has not yet been investigated in one integrative model. The aim of this study was to test the progressive model of self-stigma in three respects: I) successive stages have the strongest associations, II) endorsements decrease with each stage, and III) the procedural character can be represented by one serial mediation model.
METHODS:
A cross-sectional computer-based survey was conducted in two samples of patients with depression; one online sample (NA = 550; only self-report) and one clinical face-to-face sample (NB = 180; screening by treatment staff). The inclusion criteria were, age of 18-70 years, sufficient cognitive abilities and German language skills. IBM SPSS statistics 24 was used for Cronbach's alphas, descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, and Mann-Whitney-U tests. The PROCESS procedure for SPSS Version 3.00 was used for mediation analyses.
RESULTS:
The results support the progressive model of self-stigma in people with depression in most respects: Endorsements for stereotype awareness were higher than for personal agreement and self-concurrence, and no relevant difference was found between personal agreement and self-concurrence. Successive stages had the strongest associations, with the exception of the association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem, which was higher than the association between stereotype awareness and personal agreement and self-concurrence. The association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem was mediated via personal agreement and self-concurrence.
CONCLUSION:
The progressive model of self-stigma offers a theoretical foundation for the process research of self-stigma. Longitudinal research may investigate predictive effects and whether different stages of self-stigma require specific consideration in their prediction, consequences, and potential interventions.
19.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0222654. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222654. eCollection 2019.
'Fat's chances': Loci for phenotypic dispersion in plasma leptin in mouse models of diabetes mellitus.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Leptin, a critical mediator of feeding, metabolism and diabetes, is expressed on an incidental basis according to satiety. The genetic regulation of leptin should similarly be episodic.
METHODOLOGY:
Data from three mouse cohorts hosted by the Jackson Laboratory- 402 (174F, 228M) F2 Dilute Brown non-Agouti (DBA/2)×DU6i intercrosses, 142 Non Obese Diabetic (NOD/ShiLtJ×(NOD/ShiLtJ×129S1/SvImJ.H2g7) N2 backcross females, and 204 male Nonobese Nondiabetic (NON)×New Zealand Obese (NZO/HlLtJ) reciprocal backcrosses-were used to test for loci associated with absolute residuals in plasma leptin and arcsin-transformed percent fat ('phenotypic dispersion'; PDpLep and PDAFP). Individual data from 1,780 mice from 43 inbred strains was also used to estimate genetic variances and covariances for dispersion in each trait.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:
Several loci for PDpLep were detected, including possibly syntenic Chr 17 loci, but there was only a single position on Chr 6 for PDAFP. Coding SNP in genes linked to the consensus Chr 17 PDpLep locus occurred in immunological and cancer genes, genes linked to diabetes and energy regulation, post-transcriptional processors and vomeronasal variants. There was evidence of intersexual differences in the genetic architecture of PDpLep. PDpLep had moderate heritability [Formula: see text] and PDAFP low heritability [Formula: see text]; dispersion in these traits was highly genetically correlated r = 0.8).
CONCLUSIONS:
Greater genetic variance for dispersion in plasma leptin, a physiological trait, may reflect its more ephemeral nature compared to body fat, an accrued progressive character. Genetic effects on incidental phenotypes such as leptin might be effectively characterized with randomization-detection methodologies in addition to classical approaches, helping identify incipient or borderline cases or providing new therapeutic targets.
20.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0223404. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223404. eCollection 2019.
Technology opportunity discovery by structuring user needs based on natural language processing and machine learning.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea.
Abstract
Discovering technology opportunities from the opinion of users can promote successful technological development by satisfying the needs of users. However, although previous approaches using opinion mining only have classified various needs of users into positive or negative categories, they cannot derive the main reasons for their opinion. To solve this problem, this research proposes an approach to exploring technology opportunity by structuring user needs with a concept of opinion trigger of objects and functions of the technology-based products. To discover technology opportunity, first, an opinion trigger is identified from review data using Naïve Base classifier and natural language processing. Second, the opinion triggers and patent keywords that have a similar meaning in context are clustered to discover the needs of the user and need-related technology. Then, the sentimental values of needs are calculated through graph-based semi-supervised learning. Finally, the needs of the user are classified in resolving the problem of vacant technology to discover technology opportunity. Then, an R&D strategy of each opportunity is suggested based on opinion triggers, patent keywords, and their property. Based on the concept of opinion trigger-based methodology, a case study is conducted on automobile-related reviews, extracting the customer needs and presenting important R&D projects such as an extracted need (cargo transportation) and its R&D strategy (resolving contradiction). The proposed approach can analyze the needs of user at a functional level to discover new technology opportunities.
21.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224742. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224742. eCollection 2019.
Correction: The world's user-generated road map is more than 80% complete.
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180698.].
Erratum for
- The world's user-generated road map is more than 80% complete. [PLoS One. 2017]
22.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224461. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224461. eCollection 2019.
The development of connectives in three to five-year-old monolingual Spanish-speaking children.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Education, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
- 2
- Department of Language Education, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to the expansion in the use of connectives in children that are acquiring Spanish as a first language. Considering that language structure emerges from language use, naturalistic data were utilised from two conversational corpora. 12 types of connectives showed significant expansion, with the conditional conjunction si 'if' presenting the greatest advance, followed by que 'that' used as relative pronoun with explicit antecedent and as completive conjunction. We observed that the interordination and subordination relationships progressed more than those of coordination; however, certain connective elements between coordinated constructions displayed a more notable expansion as discourse markers, in the interactional level.
23.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224554. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224554. eCollection 2019.
Using family network data in child protection services.
Author information
- 1
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
- 2
- Te Pūnaha Matatini, Auckland, New Zealand.
- 3
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- 4
- Ministry of Social Development, Wellington, New Zealand.
- 5
- Inland Revenue Department, Wellington, New Zealand.
Abstract
Preventing child abuse is a unifying goal. Making decisions that affect the lives of children is an unenviable task assigned to social services in countries around the world. The consequences of incorrectly labelling children as being at risk of abuse or missing signs that children are unsafe are well-documented. Evidence-based decision-making tools are increasingly common in social services provision but few, if any, have used social network data. We analyse a child protection services dataset that includes a network of approximately 5 million social relationships collected by social workers between 1996 and 2016 in New Zealand. We test the potential of information about family networks to improve accuracy of models used to predict the risk of child maltreatment. We simulate integration of the dataset with birth records to construct more complete family network information by including information that would be available earlier if these databases were integrated. Including family network data can improve the performance of models relative to using individual demographic data alone. The best models are those that contain the integrated birth records rather than just the recorded data. Having access to this information at the time a child's case is first notified to child protection services leads to a particularly marked improvement. Our results quantify the importance of a child's family network and show that a better understanding of risk can be achieved by linking other commonly available datasets with child protection records to provide the most up-to-date information possible.
24.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224562. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224562. eCollection 2019.
Volatile anesthetics versus total intravenous anesthesia in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: An updated meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Jiao XF1,2,3,4, Lin XM3,5, Ni XF1,2,3,4, Li HL1,2,3, Zhang C1,2,3, Yang CS1,2,3, Song HX1,2,3, Yi QS1,2,3,4, Zhang LL1,2,3.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
- 2
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
- 3
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Sichuan, China.
- 4
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
- 5
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The benefits of volatile anesthetics in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients remain controversial. We aimed to conduct an updated meta-analysis to assess whether the use of volatile anesthetics during CABG could reduce mortality and other outcomes.
METHODS:
We searched eight databases from inception to June 2019 and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of volatile anesthetics versus total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in CABG patients. The primary outcomes were operative mortality and one-year mortality. The secondary outcomes included the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital and postoperative safety outcomes (myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, delirium, postoperative cognitive impairment, acute kidney injury, and the use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) or other mechanical circulatory support). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to control for random errors.
RESULTS:
A total of 89 RCTs comprising 14,387 patients were included. There were no significant differences between the volatile anesthetics and TIVA groups in operative mortality (relative risk (RR) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-1.24, p = 0.59, I2 = 0%), one-year mortality (RR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.32-1.26, p = 0.19, I2 = 51%), or any of the postoperative safety outcomes. The lengths of stay in the ICU and hospital were shorter in the volatile anesthetics group than in the TIVA group. TSA revealed that the results for operative mortality, one-year mortality, length of stay in the ICU, heart failure, stroke, and the use of IABP were inconclusive.
CONCLUSIONS:
Conventional meta-analysis suggests that the use of volatile anesthetics during CABG is not associated with reduced risk of mortality or other postoperative safety outcomes when compared with TIVA. TSA shows that the current evidence is insufficient and inconclusive. Thus, future large RCTs are required to clarify this issue.
25.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224450. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224450. eCollection 2019.
Histological chorioamnionitis, antenatal steroids, and neonatal outcomes in very low birth weight infants: A nationwide study.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- 2
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The aim of this study was to investigate whether some associations between histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) and favorable neonatal outcomes might be linked to those of antenatal steroids (AS) by determining the separate as well as the combined associations of HCA and AS with neonatal outcomes in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs).
METHODS:
This was a population-based study of VLBWIs born at 20-33 weeks' gestation between January 2013 and December 2015 from the Korean Neonatal Network. A total of 4652 VLBWIs were enrolled for prevalence study. Of these, 2900 singleton VLBWIs were used for outcome analyses to evaluate individual associations of HCA and AS simultaneously with correction for potential perinatal factors and an interaction term of HCA and AS.
RESULTS:
The overall prevalence of HCA was 34.9% (1623 VLBWIs). Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that HCA was associated with decreased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.91; P = 0.022), AS were associated with reduction in mortality (aOR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39-0.90; P = 0.014) and neonatal seizure (aOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37-0.86; P = 0.008), and a combination of HCA and AS was associated with remarkably lowered severe intraventricular hemorrhage by interacting with each other (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25-0.88; P = 0.019).
CONCLUSIONS:
We suggest that in VLBWIs HCA and AS may be favorable independent factors for neonatal outcome and may also work in synergy for neuroprotection.
26.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224429. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224429. eCollection 2019.
Transcriptional foliar profile of the C3-CAM bromeliad Guzmania monostachia.
Mercier H1, Rodrigues MA1, Andrade SCDS2, Coutinho LL3, Gobara BNK1, Matiz A1, Mioto PT4, Gonçalves AZ1.
Author information
- 1
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 2
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 3
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- 4
- Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Abstract
Guzmania monostachia is an epiphytic tank bromeliad that displays the inducible CAM photosynthesis under stressful conditions and had the highest stomata density in the leaf apex, while the base portion has the highest density of trichomes, which are specialized structures used to acquire water and nutrients from the tank solution. In order to correlate the genetic factors behind these morpho-physiological characteristics along the leaf blade of G. monostachia, a comparative transcriptome analysis was performed to identify the functional enriched pathways and unigenes that could play a role in the apical, middle and basal leaf portions. A total of 653 million reads were used for de novo transcriptome assembly, resulting in 48,051 annotated unigenes. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among distinct leaf regions revealed that 806 DEGs were upregulated in the apex compared to the middle portion, while 9685 DEGs were upregulated in the apex and 9784 DEGs were upregulated in the middle portions compared to the base. Our outcomes correlated some DEGs and identified unigenes with their physiological functions, mainly suggesting that the leaf apex was related to the regulation of stomatal movement, production of chlorophyll, cellular response to stress, and H2O2 catabolic process. In contrast, the middle portion showed DEGs associated with the transport of amino acids. Furthermore, DEGs from the leaf base were mainly correlated with responses to nutrients and nitrogen compounds, regulation of potassium ion import, response to water deprivation, and trichome branching, indicating that, at least in part, this leaf portion can replace some of the root functions of terrestrial plants. Therefore, possibly candidate unigenes and enriched pathways presented here could be prospected in future experimental work, opening new possibilities to bioengineer non-inducible CAM plants and/or improve the fertilization use efficiency by increasing leaf nutrient acquisition of crop plants.
27.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224408. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224408. eCollection 2019.
APOL1-G0 protects podocytes in a mouse model of HIV-associated nephropathy.
Bruggeman LA1, Wu Z1, Luo L1, Madhavan S2, Drawz PE3, Thomas DB4, Barisoni L5, O'Toole JF1, Sedor JR1,6.
Author information
- 1
- Departments of Inflammation & Immunity and Nephrology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
- 2
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.
- 3
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America.
- 4
- Departments of Pathology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
- 5
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
- 6
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.
Abstract
African polymorphisms in the gene for Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) confer a survival advantage against lethal trypanosomiasis but also an increased risk for several chronic kidney diseases (CKD) including HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). APOL1 is expressed in renal cells, however, the pathogenic events that lead to renal cell damage and kidney disease are not fully understood. The podocyte function of APOL1-G0 versus APOL1-G2 in the setting of a known disease stressor was assessed using transgenic mouse models. Transgene expression, survival, renal pathology and function, and podocyte density were assessed in an intercross of a mouse model of HIVAN (Tg26) with two mouse models that express either APOL1-G0 or APOL1-G2 in podocytes. Mice that expressed HIV genes developed heavy proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis, and had significant losses in podocyte numbers and reductions in podocyte densities. Mice that co-expressed APOL1-G0 and HIV had preserved podocyte numbers and densities, with fewer morphologic manifestations typical of HIVAN pathology. Podocyte losses and pathology in mice co-expressing APOL1-G2 and HIV were not significantly different from mice expressing only HIV. Podocyte hypertrophy, a known compensatory event to stress, was increased in the mice co-expressing HIV and APOL1-G0, but absent in the mice co-expressing HIV and APOL1-G2. Mortality and renal function tests were not significantly different between groups. APOL1-G0 expressed in podocytes may have a protective function against podocyte loss or injury when exposed to an environmental stressor. This was absent with APOL1-G2 expression, suggesting APOL1-G2 may have lost this protective function.
28.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224270. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224270. eCollection 2019.
A new synthetic lure for management of the invasive giant African snail, Lissachatina fulica.
Author information
- 1
- Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, United States Department of Agriculture, Miami, Florida, United States of America.
- 2
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California United States of America.
- 3
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Services, University of Hawaii, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America.
- 4
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
Abstract
Synthetic chemical lures mimicking pheromones or food attractants are essential tools in eradication programs for invasive species. However, their uses in programs aiming to control or eradicate terrestrial gastropods are largely unexplored. The goal of this study was to find a synthetic attractant that could aid in the eradication or management of the giant African snail (Lissachatina fulica). Field studies in Hawaii showed that a commercial papaya-flavored oil attracted snails. Analysis of the odor profile of the oil identified a total of 22 chemicals, which comprised > 98% of the volatile compounds emitted by the oil. A synthetic blend was reconstructed that mirrored the release rates of the papaya oil odors. In laboratory and field bioassays, the reconstructed blend, applied to cotton wicks as water and canola oil or water and mineral emulsions, attracted more snails than the water and oil emulsion control wicks. Field studies in Hawaii and Florida showed that the reconstructed blend in an oil emulsion was not attractive to non-target species such as butterflies or bees. The snails were attracted from distances > 1 m and entered traps baited with the attractant emulsion. When tested in the South Florida giant African snail eradication program, direct ground application of the reconstructed papaya-flavored oil emulsion increased the number of snails killed by over 87% compared to water emulsion controls. Integrating tactics using the synthetic papaya oil attractant into control measures should increase the effectiveness of eradication and management programs.
29.
PLoS One. 2019 Oct 29;14(10):e0224465. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224465. eCollection 2019.
Bloodstream infections caused by Escherichia coli in onco-haematological patients: Risk factors and mortality in an Italian prospective survey.
Trecarichi EM1, Giuliano G2, Cattaneo C3, Ballanti S4, Criscuolo M5, Candoni A6, Marchesi F7, Laurino M8, Dargenio M9, Fanci R10, Cefalo M11, Delia M12, Spolzino A13, Maracci L14, Nadali G15, Busca A16, Del Principe MI17, Daffini R3, Simonetti E4, Dragonetti G5, Zannier ME6, Pagano L5,18, Tumbarello M2,19; Haematologic Malignancies Associated Bloodstream Infections Surveillance (HEMABIS) registry–Sorveglianza Epidemiologica Infezioni Fungine in Emopatie Maligne (SEIFEM) group, Italy.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy.
- 2
- Istituto di Malattie Infettive, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- 3
- Hematology, ASST-Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
- 4
- Sezione di Ematologia e Immunologia Clinica, Ospedale Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy.
- 5
- Dipartimento scienze radiologiche radioterapiche ed ematologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- 6
- Clinica Ematologica, Centro Trapianti e Terapie Cellulari, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata, Udine, Italy.
- 7
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
- 8
- Department of Medicine, Haematology Unit, University of Padova, Italy.
- 9
- Unità di Ematologia e Trapianto di cellule staminali, Azienda Ospedaliera Vito Fazzi, Lecce, Italy.
- 10
- SOD complessa di Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi e Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy.
- 11
- Hematology, San Eugenio Hospital, Rome, Italy.
- 12
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplant, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
- 13
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Hematology and BMT Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
- 14
- Clinica di Ematologia Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
- 15
- U.O.C. Ematologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Ospedale Borgo Roma, Verona, Italy.
- 16
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, AOU Citta' della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy.
- 17
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione; Università degli studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy.
- 18
- Istituto di Ematologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- 19
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.
Abstract
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) remain life-threatening complications in the clinical course of patients with haematological malignancies (HM) and Escherichia coli represent one of the most frequent cause of such infections. In this study, we aimed to describe risk factors for resistance to third generation cephalosporins and prognostic factors, including the impact of third generation cephalosporins resistance, in patients with HM and BSIs caused by E. coli. Three hundred forty-two cases of E. coli BSIs were collected during the study period (from January 2016 to December 2017). The percentage of resistance to third generation cephalosporins was 25.7%. In multivariate analysis, the variables recent endoscopic procedures, culture-positive surveillance rectal swabs for multidrug-resistant bacteria, antibiotic prophylaxis with fluoroquinolones, and prolonged neutropenia were independently associated with bloodstream infections caused by a third generation cephalosporins resistant E. coli. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 7.1%. Cox regression revealed that significant predictors of mortality were acute hepatic failure, septic shock, male sex, refractory/relapsed HM, and third generation cephalosporins resistance by E. coli isolate. In conclusion, resistance to third generation cephalosporins adversely affected the outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by E. coli in our cohort of HM patients. We also found a significant correlation between prophylaxis with fluoroquinolones and resistance to third generation cephalosporins by E. coli isolates.
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