Abstract Patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models are a useful tool in cancer biology research. However, the number of lung cancer PDXs is limited. In the present study, we successfully established ten PDXs, including three adenocarcinoma (AD), six squamous cell carcinoma (SQ) and one large cell carcinoma (LA), from 30 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (18 AD, 10 SQ, and 2 LA), mainly in SCID hairless outbred (SHO) mice (Crlj:SHO‐PrkdcscidHrhr). Histology of SQ, advanced clinical stage...
Abstract Skeletal muscle volume is associated with prognosis of cancer patients. Maintenance of skeletal muscle is an essential issue in cancer treatment. In nutritional intervention, it is important to focus on differences in metabolism between tumor and skeletal muscle. We examined the influence of oral intake of glucose (0%, 10%, 50%) and 2% medium‐chain fatty acid (lauric acid, LAA, C12:0) on tumor growth and skeletal muscle atrophy in mouse peritoneal metastasis models using CT26 mouse colon...
Abstract The programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 pathway was successfully targeted in cancer immunotherapy. Elevated interleukin‐17, which was known in autoimmune diseases, has recently been recognized in cancer patients. We investigated the role of interleukin‐17 in the regulation of expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 in ovarian cancer by evaluating changes in the number of interleukin‐17‐producing cluster of differentiation 4 helper T cells (Th17) and γδT cells...
Abstract The underlying mechanisms of breast cancer cells metastasizing to distant sites are complex and multi‐factorial. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and αvβ3 integrin were reported to promote the metastatic progress of breast cancer cells, particularly metastasis to bone. Most theories presume that BSP promote breast cancer metastasis by binding to αvβ3 integrin. Interestingly, we found the αvβ3 integrin decreased in BSP silencing cells (BSPi), which have weak ability to form bone metastases. However,...
Improved survival of CAR‐T and tumor‐specific T cells caused by anti‐PD‐1 scFv‐producing CAR‐T cells
Summary Chimeric antigen receptor‐engineered T (CAR‐T) cell therapy holds a significant promise for the treatment of hematological malignancies, especially for B‐cell leukemia and lymphoma. However, its efficacy against non‐hematological malignancies has been limited due to several biological issues characteristic to the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors. One of the main hurdles would be the heterogeneous nature of tumor‐associated antigens (TAA) expressed in solid tumors. Another hurdle would...
AbstractFunctional E‐cadherin loss, a hallmark of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), is important for metastasis. However, the mechanism of Snail2 in hepatocellular (HCC) EMT and metastasis remains unclear. Here, we showed that Snail2 was upregulated in primary HCC, and significantly increased during TGF‐β‐induced liver cell EMT. Snail2‐overexpressing and knock‐down cell lines have been established to determine its function in EMT in HCC. H3K9 methylation was up‐regulated and H3K4 and H3K56...
Abstract Apatinib, an antiangiogenic agent, shows efficient anti‐tumor activity on a broad range of malignancies. Considering tumor is a kind of metabolic disease, we investigated the metabolomics changes in serum and tumor after apatinib treatment and the molecular mechanism of characteristic changes associated with its anti‐tumor efficacy. Molecules in serum and tumor tissue were extracted and analyzed by GC‐MS metabolic platform. Apatinib significantly inhibited the tumor growth and alleviated...
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Abstract Over 100 genetically distinct causal known loci for hereditary ataxia phenotype poses a challenge for diagnostic work‐up for ataxia patients in a clinically relevant time and precision. In the present study using next‐generation sequencing, we have investigated pathogenic variants in early‐onset cerebellar ataxia cases using whole exome sequencing in singleton/family‐designed and targeted gene‐panel sequencing. A total of 98 index patients were clinically and genetically (WES...
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Key points Imaging techniques such as contrast echocardiography suggest that anatomic intra‐pulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses (IPAVAs) are present at rest and are recruited to a greater extent in conditions such as exercise. IPAVAs have the potential to act as a shunt, however, gas exchange methods have not demonstrated significant shunt in the normal lung. To evaluate this discrepancy, we compared anatomic shunt with 25‐µm microspheres to contrast echocardiography, and gas exchange shunt measured...
Key points Ageing is associated with changes in the respiratory system including in the lungs, rib cage and muscles. Neural drive to the diaphragm, the principal inspiratory muscle, has been reported to increase during quiet breathing with ageing. We demonstrated that low‐threshold motor units of the human diaphragm recruited during quiet breathing have similar discharge frequencies across age groups and shorter discharge times in older age. With ageing, motor unit action potential area increased....
Key points While it has been well described that prolonged vibration locally applied to a muscle or its tendon (up to 1 h) decreases spinal loop excitability between homonymous Ia afferents and motoneurons, the involved mechanisms are not fully understood. By combining electrophysiological methods, this study aimed to provide new insights on the mechanisms involved in LV post‐effect in SOL spinal excitability after prolonged LV. We reported that prolonged vibration induces a decrease in motoneuron...
Key points Adenosine and ATP are excitatory neurotransmitters involved in the carotid body (CB) response to hypoxia. During ageing the CB exhibits a decline in its functionality, demonstrated by decreased hypoxic responses. In aged rats (20‐24 months old) there is a decrease in: basal and hypoxic release of adenosine and ATP from the CB, expression of adenosine and ATP receptors in the petrosal ganglion; carotid sinus nerve activity (CSN) activity in response to hypoxia as well as in ventilatory...
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Abstract Objective knowledge about how people make meaning in cancer, palliative and end of life care is particularly lacking in Africa, yet it can provide insights into strategies for improving palliative care (PC). This study explored ways in which cancer patients, their families and healthcare professionals construct meaning of their life‐limiting illnesses and how this impact on provision and use of PC in a Nigerian hospital. Methods This ethnographic study utilised participant observation,...
Abstract Objective Oncologic breast surgeries carry a risk for persistent postsurgical pain. This study was a randomized pilot and feasibility study of a single‐session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention compared to treatment as usual among women undergoing surgery for breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Methods Participants were recruited via letter of invitation and follow‐up phone call from a single site in the United States from 2015‐2017. Participants...
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Abstract Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a rare type of non‐Langerhan cell histiocytic disorder, which is mostly confined to skin of head and neck. It is a self‐limiting benign condition, which does not require surgery. We present a case of 8‐month‐old girl child with multiple yellowish brown colored papules over scalp, face, and neck. A clinical diagnosis of cutaneous mastocytosis was made. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears showed foamy macrophages along with mixed inflammatory infiltrate...
Abstract Hydatid disease is a rare pathology, but relatively common in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Central Asia, and East Africa. It may develop in almost any part of the body, although most hydatid cysts occur in the liver or in the lung. Bone involvement is rare, and accounts for only 0.5% to 4% of all locations. Most of the hydatid cyst are diagnosed on the basis of their clinical and radiological presentation. However, in cases with an atypical presentation, FNAC may be used to evaluate...
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Background. Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to PM induces oxidative stress, leading to a variety of health problems. In particular, PM2.5 contains a lot of substances harmful to the human body and penetrates into the lungs to induce lung injury. At the same time, there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress also affects the severity of lung injury. However, there is still no good way to reduce or eliminate these hazards. In the future, more experimental research is needed to...
Periodontal disease (PD) is a common infectious and inflammatory disease characterised by inflammation of tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth and destruction of the associated alveolar bone, eventually resulting in tooth loss. This disease is caused by periodontopathic bacteria in plaque biofilm and resultant innate and adaptive immune responses in periodontal tissues. Calprotectin (CLP) is a calcium-binding protein of the S-100 protein family and is found to be induced by activated granulocytes,...
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Abstract Background Schwannoma originating from the esophageal branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve is clinically rare event. The best approach to preoperative pathological diagnosis, surgery, and airway management for this submucosal tumor in the tracheal membranous portion remains controversial. Methods and Results A 69‐year‐old man had developed dyspnea for 6 months. Transnasal endoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor in the tracheal membranous portion, obstructing the airway. CT revealed...
Abstract Background We aimed to determine the patterns of local recurrence after curative resection and reconstruction for oropharyngeal and oral cancers. Methods One hundred‐fourteen patients with oropharyngeal and oral cancers underwent resection and reconstruction. The local recurrences were classified as “intra‐flap” (the recurrent tumor was located in the flap tissue), “marginal” (≤5 mm from the flap anastomosis), and “outside” (in the original tissue and >5 mm from the anastomosis)...
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Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) incidence is induced primarily by cigarette smoke (CS). The five‐year survival rate for advanced OSCC stands at only 20%. Studies exploring underlying mechanisms of OSCC development have suggested free radicals such as reactive oxygen species generated by CS as contributing to OSCC, with effects enhanced by transition metal ions iron and copper contained in the saliva. Located on the outer mitochondrial membrane of various cell types, the 18‐kDa translocator...
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Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don, whose bulb is used in a well-known traditional Chinese medicine to relieve cough and eliminate phlegm, is one of the most important medicinal plants of Fritillaria L. The species is widely distributed among the alpine regions in southwestern China and possesses complex morphological variations in different distributions. A series of newly related species were reported, based on obscure morphological differences. As a result, F. cirrhosa and its closely related species...
The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is making a comeback in many habitats in central Europe, where it has been once extirpated. Although densities are still low to moderate, this comeback already raises management concerns. In Anatolia, the gray wolf is one of the most common predator species occupying almost all kind of habitats. Although its numbers were reduced in some parts of the country, it has never been extirpated and lived in sympatry with humans. In this study we investigated, for the first time,...
Background Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common and recurrent autoimmune-related disease with unclear pathogenesis. Dysfunction of immune cells, such as T cells, mast cells, and basophils, is involved. Bacillus Calmette–Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid (BCG–PSN), an immunomodulator partially extracted from BCG, can be used in the combined treatment of CSU with an unknown mechanism. Methods To study the therapeutic...
Background VQ proteins, the plant-specific transcription factors, are involved in plant development and multiple stresses; however, only few articles systematic reported the VQ genes in soybean. Methods In total, we identified 75 GmVQ genes, which were classified into 7 groups (I-VII). Conserved domain analysis indicated that VQ gene family members all contain the VQ domains. VQ genes from the same evolutionary branches...
The current study investigated the independent and combined effects of caffeine and taurine on anxiety-like behavior and neuroendocrine responses in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione), the world’s most commonly used psychoactive drug, acts as an adenosine receptor blocker and a mild central nervous system stimulant. However, excessive use of caffeine is associated with heightened anxiety levels. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), a semi-essential amino acid...
Objectives The success of prosthetic vascular grafts in the management of peripheral arterial disease is frequently limited by the development of anastomotic neointimal hyperplasia (ANIH), with the host response to prosthetic grafts beginning soon after implantation. To address this, we combine a platform of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric with an applied cryogel layer containing biologic agents to create a bioactive prosthetic graft system, with the ability to deliver therapeutics...
Publications in peer-reviewed journals are often looked upon as tenets on which future scientific thought is built. Published information is not always flawless and errors in published research should be expediently reported, preferably by a peer-review process. We review a recent publication by Gopalaswamy et al. (10.1111/2041-210X.12351) that challenges the use of “double sampling” in large-scale animal surveys. Double sampling is often resorted to as an established economical and practical approach...
Background The main aim of this study was to assess the frequency of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients admitted to the emergency room (ER). Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with CAM use. Methods This was a descriptive study. A total of 951 patients who were admitted to the ER of a tertiary hospital between October 2018 and November 2018...
Background The safety of vaccines is a critical factor in maintaining public trust in national vaccination programs. This study aimed to evaluate the safety profiles of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines with regard to the distribution of adverse events (AE) across gender and age, and the correlations across various AEs using the Food and Drug Administration/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Methods For analyses, 27,348 patients...
Background Movement velocity has been proposed as an effective tool to prescribe the load during resistance training in young healthy adults. This study aimed to elucidate whether movement velocity could also be used to estimate the relative load (i.e., % of the one-repetition maximum (1RM)) in older women. Methods A total of 22 older women (age = 68.2 ± 3.6 years, bench press 1RM = 22.3 ± 4.7 kg, leg press 1RM = 114.6 ± 15.9 kg) performed an incremental loading test during the free-weight...
Temperate grasslands and woodlands are the focus of extensive restoration efforts worldwide. Reintroduction of locally extinct soil-foraging and burrowing animals has been suggested as a means to restore soil function in these ecosystems. Yet little is known about the physical and chemical effects of digging on soil over time and how these effects differ between species of digging animal, vegetation types or ecosystems. We compared foraging pits of a native reintroduced marsupial, the eastern bettong...
A revision of the microcaddisfly genus Ascotrichia (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) is provided, including a generic diagnosis, illustrations, and descriptions of males. This genus is endemic to the Neotropical region and has been recorded from countries in northern South America. Adults of the genus are notable within the family for the contrasting black and green hairs on the forewings. A total of six species are treated, three described as new: Ascotrichia adirecta sp. n. (Brazil), A. hystricosa sp....
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) plays an essential role in plant growth and development, as well as stress response. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) originated from recently interspecific hybridization between Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. In this study, a total of 47 Hsp70 genes were identified in B. napus (AnAnCnCn genome), including 22 genes from An subgenome and 25 genes from Cn subgenome. Meanwhile, 29 and 20 Hsp70 genes were explored in B. rapa (ArAr genome) and B. oleracea (CoCo genome),...
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Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01183H, PaperYinqiang Xia, Peiqian Zhang, Hui Yuan, Rongxin Su, Renliang Huang, Wei Qi, Zhimin HeTo analyze multiple analytes in trace samples, the low-dosage usage and high efficiency become crucial in many common cases. Here, we developed a facile method using a single-channel surface plasmon...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01266D, PaperManman Li, Zhuangzhuang Guo, Xiao Ke Zheng, Huai-Xia Yang, Wei Sheng Feng, Jinming KongHerein, a novel aptasensor was constructed for ultrasensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA). In this method, electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (eATRP) signal amplification strategy was applied to BPA...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01326A, PaperBaoping Zhai, Wei Hu, Ruilin Hao, Wenjing Ni, Zhi-hong LiuHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays crucial roles in immunological processes and has been revealed to be closely linked to hypoxic–ischemic process. Thus, it is important to develop a reliable method for...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01235D, PaperYoon-Tae Kang, Emma Purcell, Thomas Hadlock, Ting-Wen Lo, Anusha Mutukuri, Shruti Jolly, Sunitha NagrathProfiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is an emerging area in the field of liquid biopsies because of their innate significance in diseases and abundant information reflecting disease status. However, unbiased...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN01447K, CommunicationKangyao Zhang, Shuzhen Lv, Dianping TangA new enzyme-free and portable photoelectrochemical sensing method based on a homemade three dimensional (3D) printing device was developed for accurate monitoring of low-abundance cancer biomarker (carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA, was...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN00777F, PaperZhijin Fan, Jingyan Lin, Jun Yu, Ying Liu, Yuhui LiaoExosome-containing microRNAs (exomiRs) can be employed as the potential biomarker for tumor diagnosis, which have drawn much attention for the past few years. However, the separation of exosomes and the...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN00875F, PaperAbby S. Gelb, Rui Lai, Hui Li, Eric D. DoddsIon mobility spectrometry (IMS) is of significant interest as a platform for glycoanalysis. While much attention has been focused on the resolution of isomeric carbohydrates and glycoconjugates, another appealing aspect...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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Analyst, 2019, Accepted ManuscriptDOI: 10.1039/C9AN00943D, PaperQingju Liu, Hui Wang, Ping Han, Xiaoyuan FengThis study reports on a fluorescent aptasensor of chlorpyrifos (CPF) based on terbium (III) based on metal-organic framework (Tb-MOF) and PDDA-aggregated-gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The dispersed AuNPs quench the emissions of...The content of this RSS Feed (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry
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New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review examines the evidence for control mechanisms underlying the exercise hyperpnoea, with particular attention placed on the feedback from thin fibre skeletal muscle afferents, and highlights the often conflicting findings and difficulties encountered by researchers using a variety of experimental models. What advances does it highlight? There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the role of skeletal muscle afferent involvement,...
New Findings What is the central question of this study? The aim was to determine impaired deformational indicators for G+LVH‐ in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using non‐invasive 3D echocardiography. What are the main findings and its importance? Our results indicate that, using 3DSTE and modern shape analysis, peculiar deformational impairments can be detected in G+LVH‐ and that they can be classified with good accuracy. Moreover, the patterns of impairment are located mainly on the apical region...
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ABSTRACT Traumatic tattoos can be treated with several methods, including mechanical and chemical devices. However, they are rarely used due to the high risk of permanent side effects such as scarring and depigmentation. Recently, laser devices, especially the Q‐Switched (QS) laser and the Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL), applied in combination, have achieved complete clearance of the lesions without any risk of side effects. Herein, we reported three cases of traumatic facial tattoos successfully treated...
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The 2019 Oticon Audiology Summer Camp celebrated its 22nd year by hosting the annual professional development event’s largest ever group of graduate students in audiology: 113 future professionals representing a cross-section of US universities. This year’s summer camp at Keystone, CO focused on the theme, “Standing Out as a Professional.” In a series of lectures and workshops led by Oticon experts, students acquired insights and practical skills designed to help them distinguish themselves as professionals...
The 2019 Oticon Audiology Summer Camp celebrated its 22nd year by hosting the annual professional development event’s largest ever group of graduate students in audiology: 113 future professionals representing a cross-section of US universities. This year’s summer camp at Keystone, CO focused on the theme, “Standing Out as a Professional.” In a series of lectures and workshops led by Oticon experts, students acquired insights and practical skills designed to help them distinguish themselves as professionals...
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Introduction The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution patterns of the cutaneous nerves on the dorsum of the foot. Materials and Methods This study investigated 130 feet of 77 cadavers. Result The distribution patterns of the sural (SN) and deep fibular nerves (DFN) were classified into five and four types, respectively. In type A, the SN was only distributed to the lateral side of the fifth toe. In type B, the nerve was distributed to the medial side of the fourth toe and...
Goal The latest research suggests that the abducens nerve may be divided into sub‐branches that reach functionally distinct zones of the lateral rectus muscle. The goal of the study was to examine this muscle's innervation, including the detailed distribution of the intramuscular sub‐branches of the abducens nerve. Materials and Methods 25 lateral rectus muscle specimens were harvested (with the orbital segment of the abducens nerve), fixed in 10% formalin solution, and stained with Sihler's...
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Ecosystems worldwide are suffering from climate change. Coral reef ecosystems are globally threatened by increasing sea surface temperatures. However, gene expression plasticity provides the potential for organisms to respond rapidly and effectively to environmental changes, and would be favored in variable environments. In this study, we investigated the thermal stress response in Pocillopora coral colonies from two contrasting environments by exposing them to heat stress. We compared the physiological...
Do mutations required for adaptation occur de novo, or are they segregating within populations as standing genetic variation? This question is key to understanding adaptive change in nature, and has important practical consequences for the evolution of drug resistance. We provide evidence that alleles conferring resistance to oxamniquine (OXA), an antischistosomal drug, are widespread in natural parasite populations under minimal drug pressure and predate OXA deployment. OXA has been used since the...
Surveys of DNA sequence variation have shown that the level of genetic variability in a genomic region is often strongly positively correlated with its rate of crossing over (CO) [1-3]. This pattern is caused by selection acting on linked sites, which reduces genetic variability and can also cause the frequency distribution of segregating variants to contain more rare variants than expected without selection (skew). These effects of selection may involve the spread of beneficial mutations (selective...
In order to understand how oxidative stress signal transduction pathways evolve, we analyzed the molecular evolution of the p38 MAPK (p38K) gene family across the genus Drosophila. p38K family genes play a vital role in oxidative stress resistance and are also important for organismal development and immunity. We find that the p38Ka and p38Kb genes are highly conserved across the genus and that p38Kc is more recently evolved. We further find that the p38Kb genomic locus includes conserved binding...
Background: The membrane-associated progesterone receptor (MAPR) family consists of heme-binding proteins containing a cytochrome b5 (cytb5) domain characterized by the presence of a MAPR-specific interhelical insert region (MIHIR) between helices 3 and 4 of the canonical cytb5-domain fold. Animals possess three MAPR families (PGRMC-like, Neuferricin and Neudesin). Results: Here we show that all animal MAPR families were already present in the common ancestor of the Opisthokonta (comprising animals...
While some behaviours are largely fixed and invariant, others can respond flexibly to different social contexts. Here, we leverage the unique burrowing behaviour of deer mice (genus Peromyscus) to investigate if and how individuals of three species adapt their behaviour when digging individually versus with partners. First, we find that pairs of mice from monogamous (P. polionotus) but not promiscuous (P. maniculatus, P. leucopus) species cooperatively construct burrows that are approximately twice...
Surveys of DNA sequence variation have shown that the level of genetic variability in a genomic region is often strongly positively correlated with its rate of crossing over (CO) [1-3]. This pattern is caused by selection acting on linked sites, which reduces genetic variability and can also cause the frequency distribution of segregating variants to contain more rare variants than expected without selection (skew). These effects of selection may involve the spread of beneficial mutations (selective...
Nuclear inserts derived from mitochondrial DNA (Numts) encode valuable information. Being mostly non-functional, and accumulating mutations more slowly than mitochondrial sequence, they act like molecular fossils - they preserve information on the ancestral sequences of the mitochondrial DNA. In addition, changes to the Numt sequence since their insertion into the nuclear genome carry information about the nuclear phylogeny. These attributes cannot be reliably exploited if Numt sequence is confused...
Classic theory upholds that energy trade-offs between reproduction and somatic maintenance underpin the evolution of ageing and lifespan. In contrast, the developmental theory of ageing (DTA) suggests that organismal senescence is caused by dysregulated gene expression in adulthood due to decline in selection gradients with age. The DTA predicts that age-specific optimisation of gene expression can improve survival without fitness costs. Here we investigated consequences for survival, reproduction,...
Philopatry and long distance migrations are common in the animal kingdom, of which sea turtles are flagship examples. Recent studies have suggested sea turtles use the Earth's magnetic field to navigate across ocean basins to return to their natal area, yet the mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. If true though, the genetic structure at nesting sites should positively correlate with differences in location-specific magnetic vectors within nesting regions. Here, we confirm this working...
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Abstract Heterozygous loss of function variants in the IRF2BPL are a newly described cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities and epilepsy. As of 2019, fewer than 20 patients have been described in the published literature. This article reports an additional case of a patient with a pathogenic IRF2BPL variant and offers a comprehensive review of the published cases of individuals with IRF2BPL variants, in order to help expand the phenotype. The patient has a history of infantile spasms evolving...
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Background Mucociliary clearance is a main defense mechanism of the airway and is impaired in ciliary dyskinesia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and its characteristics in bronchiectasis patients suspected of harboring ciliary dyskinesia. Methods Bronchiectasis patients referred to a rhinology clinic for nasal brush biopsy (NBB) were included in this study. NBB was performed using a curettage technique whereby ciliated epithelial...
Background Rhinovirus (RV) infections are the most common cause of viral upper respiratory infections (URIs), and in the majority of persons they are self‐limiting. However, in others, viral URIs can progress to bacterial sinusitis and induce chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) exacerbations. Methods We conducted a comprehensive Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) review through April 2018 based on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science–Science Citation Index (SCI),...
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is treated using oral/topical steroids and surgery. Despite maximal medical therapy, some patients remain recalcitrant. Mucus cystatin 2, pappalysin‐A, and periostin can predict the presence of CRSwNP and correlate with disease severity. This study was designed to determine whether prospective sampling of these mucus proteins could predict medical failure and the need for revision surgery. Methods This investigation was an institutional...
Background The Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders‒Negative Statements (QOD‐NS) is a valuable instrument in the measurement of olfactory‐specific quality of life (QOL). In the clinical setting, patients can be overwhelmed with the time required to complete questionnaires. Our objective was to develop a brief version of the QOD‐NS to streamline clinical care and research. Methods QOD‐NS scores from 221 subjects were used to determine which subset of the 17 QOD‐NS questions best correlated...
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Η αύξησης της δοσολογίας των αντιϋπερτασικών φαρμάκων στους ηλικιωμένους ασθενείς που παίρνουν εξιτήριο από το νοσοκομείο ενδεχομένως να τους θέτει σε μεγαλύτερο κίνδυνο (πτώσεων, λιποθυμίας και οξείας νεφρικής βλάβης) από τα πιθανά οφέλη της φαρμακευτικής αγωγής, σύμφωνα με νέα αμερικανική μελέτη που δημοσιεύθηκε στο JAMA Internal Medicine. Ομάδων ειδικών του Πανεπιστημίου του Σαν Φρανσίσκο μελέτησε στοιχεία για 4.056 υπερτασικούς ασθενείς του Συστήματος Υγείας Βετεράνων Πολέμου, οι οποίοι ήταν...
Ο καρκίνος του παχέος εντέρου, παγκοσμίως, παρουσιάζει αυξητικές τάσεις, με τους επιστήμονες να αναζητούν διακαώς τρόπους πρόληψης του. Ομάδα Βραζιλιάνων ερευνητών υποστηρίζει ότι μια απλή καθημερινή δραστηριότητα που όλοι μπορούμε να υιοθετήσουμε μπορεί να μας βοηθήσει να γλιτώσουμε από τον συγκεκριμένο καρκίνο δια βίου. Σύμφωνα με άρθρο που δημοσιεύουν στο British Journal of Cancer οι ειδικοί της Ιατρικής Σχολής του Πανεπιστημίου του Σάο Πάολο, η καθημερινή μέτριας έντασης σωματική άσκηση, όπως...
Συναγερμός έχει σημάνει στις αμερικανικές υγειονομικές αρχές μετά την καταγραφή περίπου 100 περιπτώσεων μιας μυστηριώδους ασθένειας που προσβάλει τους πνεύμονες. Τα κρούσματα έχουν αναφερθεί σε 14 Αμερικανικές Πολιτείες της Αμερικής και οι ειδικοί προς το παρόν τα συσχετίζουν με το άτμισμα και γενικότερα τη χρήση ηλεκτρονικού τσιγάρου. Πολλοί από τους ασθενείς είναι έφηβοι και νεαροί ενήλικες, με κάποιους εξ αυτών να νοσηλεύονται σε Μονάδες Εντατικής Θεραπείας και με μηχανικά υποστηριζόμενη αναπνοή....
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Αμερικανοί ερευνητές βρήκαν ένα νευροκύκλωμα σε ποντίκια που όταν ενεργοποιηθεί αυξάνει τα επίπεδα του στρες στον οργανισμό και παράλληλα μειώνει την όρεξη για φαγητό, σύμφωνα με σχετικό άρθρο του Nature Communications. Η επιστημονική ομάδα του Ιατρικού Κέντρου του Πανεπιστημίου του Τέξας πιστεύει ότι αυτή η ανακάλυψη μπορεί να βοηθήσει στην ανάπτυξη θεραπειών για σοβαρές διατροφικές διαταραχές, όπως η νευρική ανορεξία, η οποία χαρακτηρίζεται από υψηλή θνησιμότητα. Οι πάσχοντες από νευρική ανορεξία...
15h
Σχέση μεταξύ της δόσης ραδιενεργού ιωδίου, ως θεραπεία για τον υπερθυρεοειδισμό και του μακροπρόθεσμου κινδύνου θανάτου από καρκίνο, βρήκαν ερευνητές από Αμερικανικό Ινστιτούτο για τον Καρκίνο, σε έρευνα που δημοσιεύθηκε στο JAMA Internal Medicine. «Ανακαλύψαμε μία ξεκάθαρη σχέση μεταξύ αυτής της ευρέως χορηγούμενης θεραπείας και του μακροχρόνιου κινδύνου θανάτου από συμπαγείς όγκους, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του καρκίνου του μαστού, στη μεγαλύτερη του είδους της μελέτη σε ασθενείς που νοσηλεύθηκαν για...
17h
Μέσα στα επόμενα τρία χρόνια κατάλληλα ανεπτυγμένες καρδιές χοίρων θα μπορούν να μεταμοσχευθούν σε ασθενείς σύμφωνα με νέα έρευνα την οποία επικαλείται η βρετανική εφημερίδα The Guardian. Με την ευκαιρία της 40ης επετείου από την πρώτη επιτυχημένη μεταμόσχευση καρδιάς την οποία πραγματοποίησε ο διάσημος Βρετανός καρδιοχειρουργός Τέρενς Ίνγκλις, ένας μαθητευόμενός του θα επιχειρήσει να αντικαταστήσει ένα ανθρώπινο νεφρό με νεφρό χοίρου. Ο Ίνγκλις εξηγεί ότι αν τα αποτελέσματα αυτής της ετερόλογης...
19h
Το ναρκωτικό MDMA είναι ασφαλές και πιο αποτελεσματικό από τις συμβατικές θεραπείες απεξάρτησης από το αλκοόλ, όπως αποκαλύπτει νέα έρευνα την οποία επικαλείται η βρετανική εφημερίδα The Guardian. Η παρούσα έρευνα είναι η πρώτη που εξετάζει αν η χορήγηση του συγκεκριμένου ναρκωτικού σε μικρές δόσεις και σε συνδυασμό με την ψυχοθεραπεία μπορεί να αποδειχθεί αποτελεσματικότερη από τις συνήθεις θεραπείες αντιμετώπισης της εξάρτησης από το αλκοόλ. Αν και στη Βρετανία 8 στους 10 αλκοολικούς υποτροπιάζουν...
19h
Θετική επίδραση στην καρδιά φαίνεται πως έχει η παρακολούθηση αγώνων ποδοσφαίρου υποστηρίζουν ερευνητές του Πανεπιστημίου του Λιντς εξετάζοντας την επίδραση που είχε η παρακολούθηση τριών ποδοσφαιρικών αγώνων σε 25 φιλάθλους. Οι ερευνητές βρήκαν πως οι καρδιακοί παλμοί των φιλάθλων ήταν αυξημένοι κατά περίπου 64% με ορισμένους να φτάνουν τους 130 χτύπους ανά λεπτό στο διάστημα που παρακολουθούσαν τους ποδοσφαιρικούς αγώνες. Σύμφωνα με τους επιστήμονες η επίδραση που είχαν οι αγώνες στον καρδιακό...
23h
Το αλκοόλ αποτελεί βασική αιτία της χρόνιας ηπατοπάθειας και η ακατάσχετη στιγμιαία κατανάλωση μεγάλων ποσοτήτων συντελεί έχει καθοριστική επίπτωση στην υγεία του ήπατος. Σε πρόσφατη μελέτη που δημοσιεύεται στο Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, ερευνητές από την Ιατρική Σχολή του Πανεπιστημίου του Μισούρι ανακάλυψαν ότι οι θηλυκοί αρουραίοι (όμοιας ηλικίας και βάρους με άρρενες αρουραίους) ήταν πιο ευαίσθητοι στο αλκοόλ και είχαν μεγαλύτερης έκτασης αλκοολικές ηπατικές βλάβες....
23h
Φαντάζεστε να υπήρχε ένα φάρμακο που θα μπορούσατε να πάρετε μετά από ένα έμφραγμα και θα μείωνε τη βλάβη, προστατεύοντας τον υγιή καρδιακό ιστό; Αμερικανοί ερευνητές υποστηρίζουν ότι βρίσκονται πολύ κοντά στην ανάπτυξη ενός τέτοιου «θαυματουργού» φαρμάκου. Ως γνωστόν, ο χρόνος είναι πολύτιμος όταν πρόκειται για την αντιμετώπιση του εμφράγματος. Κι αυτό γιατί, χωρίς ομαλή παροχή αίματος και οξυγόνου τα καρδιακά κύτταρα πεθαίνουν ακαριαία. Κι ενώ το έμφραγμα μπορεί να μειώσει την παροχή αίματος...
23h
Τα ιατρικώς συνταγογραφούμενα ωμέγα-3 λιπαρά οξέα μπορούν να μειώσουν τα επίπεδα τριγλυκεριδίων κατά 20-30% στην πλειονότητα των ατόμων που χρήζουν ανάλογης θεραπείας, υποστηρίζει έκθεση συμβουλευτικής επιτροπής της Αμερικανικής Καρδιολογικής Εταιρείας που δημοσιεύθηκε στο Circulation. Προηγούμενες μελέτες έχουν δείξει ότι τα υψηλά επίπεδα τριγλυκεριδίων (πάνω από 200 mg/dL) μπορούν να οδηγήσουν σε αθηροσκλήρωση, πράγμα που αυξάνει τον κίνδυνο καρδιακής προσβολής και εγκεφαλικού επεισοδίου. Εκτός...
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