Mapped areas of high conservation value for western chimpanzees summed up for all three sub‐scenarios based on chimpanzee abundance (i.e., the number of times a cell was selected was summed up across scenarios 1a‐c). Abstract As animal populations continue to decline, frequently driven by large‐scale land‐use change, there is a critical need for improved environmental planning. While data‐driven spatial planning is widely applied in conservation, as of yet it is rarely used for primates. The western...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 19:52
Western gorillas consume a diet richer in simple carbohydrates and fiber and lower in protein, compared to mountain gorillas. Abstract To meet nutritional needs, primates adjust their diets in response to local habitat differences, though whether these dietary modifications translate to changes in dietary nutrient intake is unknown. A previous study of two populations of the mountain gorilla (MG: Gorilla beringei) found no evidence for intraspecific variation in the nutrient composition of their...
Wed Aug 28, 2019 19:18
We report the characterization of an S = ½ iron π‐complex, [Fe(η6‐IndH)(depe)]+ (Ind = Indenide (C9H7‐), depe = 1,2‐bis(diethylphosphino)ethane), which results via C‐H elimination from a transient FeIII hydride, [Fe(η3:η2‐Ind)(depe)H]+. Owing to weak M‐H/C‐H bonds, these species undergo proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) to release H2 through bimolecular recombination. Mechanistic information, gained from stoichiometric as well as computational studies, reveal the open‐shell π‐arene complex...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 19:55
The low‐valent ß‐diketiminate complex (DIPPBDI)Al is stable in benzene but addition of catalytic quantities of [(DIPPBDI)CaH]2 led at 20 °C to formation of (DIPPBDI)Al(Ph)H (DIPPBDI = CH[C(CH3)N‐DIPP]2, DIPP =2,6‐diisopropylphenyl). Similar Ca‐catalyzed C‐H bond activation is demonstrated for toluene or p‐xylene. For toluene a remarkable selectivity for meta‐functionalization has been observed. Reaction of (DIPPBDI)Al(m‐tolyl)H with I2 gave m‐tolyl iodide, H2 and (DIPPBDI)AlI2 which was recycled...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:59
Putting it mildly: A visible‐light‐driven intramolecular C−N cross‐coupling reaction under mild conditions (metal‐ and photocatalyst‐free, room temperature) via a long‐lived photoactive photoisomer complex is reported. It was used to prepare N‐substituted polycyclic quinazolinone derivatives with a broad substrate scope, and to synthesize natural products and their analogues, some of which show promising tumor‐suppressing biological activity. Abstract Reported herein is a visible‐light‐driven...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 16:11
An efficient cobalt‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of C=N bond has been realized for the first time. Chiral hydrazines were obtained in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (95‐98% ee). The hydrogenation went smoothly at up to 2000 S/C and on a gram scale. The success of this reaction relies on the NHBz group on the substrates, which improves the reactivity and enantioselectivity by an assisted coordination to the cobalt atom and a non‐bonding interaction with the ligand. Furthermore,...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 11:48
Synthetic routes to dimetallated carbon wires in which two metals are separated by a linear carbon chain involving terminal metal‐carbon triple bonds are described for the complexes [(Tp*)(CO)2W≡C–(C≡C)x–C≡W(CO)2(Tp*)] (Tp* = hydrotris(dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) where x = 1, 3 or 4, joining the previously known examples with x = 0, 1 and 2 to complete the series as models for linear carbyne.
Thu Aug 29, 2019 11:48
The abnormality of the plasma membrane (PM) is an important biomarker for cell status and many diseases. Hence, visualizing the PM, especially in complex systems, is the emerging field for life sciences, especially in low resource settings. Herein, we developed a water‐soluble PM specific probe utilizing electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction strategies with aggregation‐induced emission as signal output. The probe could image the PM with many advanced features (wash‐free property, ultrafast staining...
Wed Aug 28, 2019 21:43
Transition metal‐catalyzed C–H phosphorylation remains an unsolved challenge. Reported methods are generally limited in scope and require stoichiometric silver salts as oxidants. Herein we report an electrochemically driven Rh(III)‐catalyzed aryl C–H phosphorylation reaction, which proceeds through H2 evolution obviating the need for stoichiometric metal oxidants. The method is compatible with a variety of aryl C–H and P–H coupling partners and particularly useful for synthesizing triarylphosphine...
Wed Aug 28, 2019 20:45
There are limited epidemiological data on acute respiratory failure (ARF) in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI-CS). This study sought to evaluate the prevalence and outcomes of AR...
Wed Aug 28, 2019 03:00
Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Daniel Osorio-Gómez, Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni, Kioko Guzmán-RamosAbstractThe association between a taste and gastric malaise allows animals to avoid the ingestion of potentially toxic food. This association has been termed conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and relies on the activity of key brain structures such as the amygdala and the insular cortex.The establishment of this gustatory-avoidance memory is...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:05
Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Tahani K. Alshammari, Hajar Alghamdi, Lama F. Alkhader, Qamra Alqahtani, Nouf M. Alrasheed, Hazar Yacoub, Nora Alnaem, Maha AlNakiyah, Musaad A. AlshammariAbstractThe mechanism underlying depression, anxiety, and stress-related psychiatric disorders is far from understood. The utilization of animal models of anxiety and stress can improve our knowledge of the pathology of these disorders as well as aiding...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:05
Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Margaux Duparcq, Océane Jean, Aurélie Verjat, Ludivine Jaravel, Daphné Jacquet, Franco Robles Guerrero, Christophe Féron, Heiko G. RödelAbstractAnimals of different behavioral types typically show associated differences in their physiological stress response, including differential reactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. Infrared thermography offers the possibility to explore this link in a non-invasive...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:05
Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Tanya A. Gupta, Carter W. Daniels, J. Bryce Ortiz, McAllister Stephens, Paula Overby, Korinna Romero, Cheryl D. Conrad, Federico SanabriaAbstractThis study investigated the role of the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) in the temporal entrainment of behavior, while addressing limitations of previous evidence from peak procedure experiments. Rats were first trained on a switch-timing task in which food was obtained...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:05
Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Karolina Kuchniak, Edyta Wyszogrodzka, Stanisław J. Chrapusta, Magdalena Czarna, Magdalena Michalak, Adam Płaźnik, Paweł Krząścik, Paweł Mierzejewski, Ewa TarachaAbstractMeasuring ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) allows studying psychoactive drug use-related affective states in laboratory rats and may help understand changes underlying the progress of addictions. We aimed at finding an effective scheme for...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:05
Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Huan Sun, Mengying Liu, Tao Sun, Yutong Chen, Zhen Lan, Biyao Lian, Chengjun Zhao, Zhi Liu, Jiqiang Zhang, Yan LiuAbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Synaptic plasticity impairment is one of the early pathological events in AD. Transgenic APP/PS1 mice that overproduce Aβ are...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:05
Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Lina M. Tran, Sheena A. Josselyn, Blake A. Richards, Paul W. FranklandAbstractNeurogenesis persists throughout life in the dentate gyrus region of the mammalian hippocampus. Computational models have established that the addition of neurons degrades existing memories (i.e., produces forgetting). These predictions are supported by empirical observations in rodents, where post-training increases in neurogenesis...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:05
Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Maria Bianca Amadeo, Claudio Campus, Monica GoriAbstractVision is the most accurate sense for spatial representation, whereas audition is for temporal representation. However, how different sensory modalities shape the development of spatial and temporal representations is still unclear. Here, 45 children aged 11-13 years were tested to investigate the abilities to evaluate spatial features of auditory stimuli...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:05
Most well-studied bacteria have been domesticated to some extent. How fast can a wild strain diverge from its ancestral phenotypes under domestication to a novel laboratory environment is poorly known. Yet such information is key to understand rates of evolution, the time scale at which a wild strain can be propagated without loss of its natural adaptive traits and the reliability of experimental results across labs. Using experimental evolution, phenotypic assays and whole-genome sequencing, we...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Parthenogenesis is a biological process of asexual reproduction. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of this fascinating phenomenon in the vertebrate evolution. Although parthenogenetic reproduction appears to be widespread among reptiles, a restricted number of cases were reported in captivity and wild. Here, we studied and reported an intriguing case of a 20-year old captive female Cuban boa (Chilabothrus angulifer), from the Zoo da Maia (Maia, Portugal) collection, isolated from conspecifics...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Genomic conflicts may play a central role in the evolution of reproductive barriers. Theory predicts that early-onset hybrid inviability may stem from conflict between parents for resource allocation to offspring. Here we describe M. decorus; a group of cryptic species within the M. guttatus species complex that are largely reproductively isolated by hybrid seed inviability (HSI). HSI between M. guttatus and M. decorus is common and strong, but populations of M. decorus vary in the magnitude and...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
A major research goal in evolutionary genetics is to uncover loci experiencing positive selection. One approach involves finding 'selective sweeps', either formed by de novo mutation, or 'soft sweeps' arising from recurrent mutation or existing standing variation. Existing theory generally assumes outcrossing populations, and it is unclear how dominance affects soft sweeps. We consider how arbitrary dominance and inbreeding via self-fertilisation affect hard and soft sweep signatures. With increased...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Adaptation to divergent environments can result in ecological specialization. The detection of trade-offs across environments (i.e., negative correlations in performance between different environments) is the hallmark of specialization. Although such trade-offs are predicted by theory, experimental evidence that trade-offs can readily evolve in the laboratory remains scarce. Here, we investigated the evolution of adaptation to distinct environments, including potential fitness trade-offs by maintaining...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Distance decay principles predict that species with larger geographic ranges would have greater intraspecific genetic diversity than more restricted species. However, invasive pest species may not follow this prediction, with confounding implications for tracking phenomena including original ranges, invasion pathways and source populations. We sequenced an 815 base-pair section of the COI gene for 441 specimens of Bactrocera correcta, 214 B. zonata and 372 Zeugodacus cucurbitae; three invasive pest...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
In the evolution of social interactions among microbes, mathematical theory can aid empirical research but is often only used heuristically. How to properly formulate social evolution theory has also been contentious. Here we evaluate kin and multilevel selection theory as tools for analyzing microbial data. We reanalyze published datasets that share a common experimental design and evaluate these theories in terms of data visualization, statistical performance, biological interpretation, and quantitative...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Antibiotic resistance continues to grow as a public health problem. One of the reasons for this continued growth is that resistance to antibiotics is strongly selected for in the presence of antibiotics and weakly selected against after their removal. This is frequently thought to be due to the effects of compensatory mutations. However, compensatory mutations are often not found in clinically relevant strains of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Here, we conduct experiments in vitro that highlight...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Much of the enormous phenotypic variation observed across human populations is thought to have arisen from events experienced as our ancestors peopled different regions of the world. However, little is known about the genes involved in these population-specific adaptations. Here we explore this problem by simultaneously examining population-specific sequence and expression differentiation in four human populations. In particular, we design a branch-based statistic to estimate population-specific...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Premise of the Study: Recent advances in generating large-scale phylogenies enable broad-scale estimation of species diversification rates. These now-common approaches typically (1) are characterized by incomplete coverage without explicit sampling methodologies, and/or (2) sparse backbone representation, and usually rely on presumed phylogenetic placements to account for species without molecular data. Here we use an empirical example to examine effects of incomplete sampling on diversification...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
03:42
Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019Source: CortexAuthor(s): Moritz F. Wurm, Katharine B. Porter, Alfonso CaramazzaAbstractObject identification and enumeration rely on the ability to distinguish, or individuate, objects from the background. Does multiple object individuation operate only over bounded, separable objects or does it operate equally over connected features within a single object? While previous fMRI experiments suggest that connectedness affects the processing and enumeration...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 18:23
Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019Source: CortexAuthor(s): Margot Crossman, Gergely Bartl, Rebecca Soerum, Marco SandriniAbstractConsolidated memories may return to labile/unstable states after their reactivation, thus requiring a restabilization process that is known as reconsolidation. During this time-limited reconsolidation window, reactivated existing memories can be strengthened, weakened or updated with new information.Previous studies have shown that non-invasive stimulation...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 18:23
Purpose of review X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) is a congenital defect of development of B lymphocytes leading to agammaglobulinaemia. It was one of the first primary immunodeficiencies described, but treatment has remained relatively unchanged over the last 60 years. This summary aims to outline the current outcomes, treatments and future research areas for XLA. Recent findings Immunoglobulin therapy lacks IgA and IgM, placing patients at theoretical risk of experiencing recurrent respiratory...
Wed Aug 28, 2019 03:00
Purpose of review We evaluated the time-course of clinical and immunologic changes that occur during and after cessation of sublingual and subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy for inhalant allergies. Recent findings Increases in production of inhibitory cytokines, such as IL-10 and allergen-specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies are induced within weeks of starting immunotherapy for both seasonal and perennial allergens. In general, 2–4 months’ immunotherapy is needed for onset of efficacy whereas...
Wed Aug 28, 2019 03:00
When climates change, plants and animals often are forced to colonize new areas -- or possibly go extinct. Because the climate is currently changing, biologists are keenly interested in predicting how climate-induced migrations influence organisms over time.
Thu Aug 29, 2019 19:21
High Altitude Medicine &Biology, Ahead of Print.
Thu Aug 29, 2019 10:00
Abstract Observer-driven pattern recognition is the standard for interpretation of medical images. To achieve global parity in interpretation, semi-quantitative scoring systems have been developed based on observer assessments; these are widely used in scoring coronary artery disease, the arthritides and neurological conditions and for indicating the likelihood of malignancy. However, in an era of machine learning and artificial intelligence, it is increasingly desirable that...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Abstract For arboreal primates, ground use may increase dispersal opportunities, tolerance to habitat change, access to ground-based resources, and resilience to human disturbances, and so has conservation implications. We collated published and unpublished data from 86 studies across 65 localities to assess titi monkey (Callicebinae) terrestriality. We examined whether the frequency of terrestrial activity correlated with study duration (a proxy for sampling effort), rainfall...
03:00
Abstract In Drosophila, long sperm are favoured in sperm competition based on the length of the female's primary sperm storage organ, the seminal receptacle (SR). This sperm‐SR interaction, together with a genetic correlation between the traits, suggests that the coevolution of exaggerated sperm and SR lengths may be driven by Fisherian runaway selection. Here, we explore the costs and benefits of long sperm and SR genotypes, both in the sex that carries them and in the sex that does not. We measured...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 22:48
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08715
Thu Aug 29, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06589
Thu Aug 29, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07960
Thu Aug 29, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04981
Thu Aug 29, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07284
Thu Aug 29, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06222
Thu Aug 29, 2019 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07373
Thu Aug 29, 2019 07:00
Abstract Microbial biofilms are undesired in food manufacturing, drinking water distribution systems, and clinical realms. Yeast biofilms are particularly problematic because of the strong capacity of yeast cells to adhere to abiotic surfaces, cells, and tissues. Novel approaches have been developed over recent years to prevent the establishment of microbial biofilms, such as through the use of small molecules with inhibiting and dispersing properties. Here, we studied the inhibitory...
10:57
Abstract Fidaxomicin, an 18-membered macrolide antibiotic, is highly active against Clostridium difficile, the most common cause of diarrhea in hospitalized patients. Though the biosynthetic mechanism of fidaxomicin has been well studied, little is known about its regulatory mechanism. Here, we reported that FadR1, a LAL family transcriptional regulator in the fidaxomicin cluster of Actinoplanes deccanensis Yp-1, acts as an activator for fidaxomicin biosynthesis. The disruption...
10:57
Abstract The inhibitory effect of Bacillomycin D, a cyclic lipopeptide, on Rhizopus stolonifer colonization of cherry tomato was studied, and its possible mechanism of action was explored. Bacillomycin D showed a direct inhibitory effect on R. stolonifer spore germination and mycelial growth in vitro. It conferred both a direct inhibitory effect on R. stolonifer growth in cherry tomato in vivo and induced host resistance in cherry tomato. Moreover, Bacillomycin D treatment significantly...
10:57
Abstract Plastic production and waste generation will continue to rise as nations worldwide grow economically. In this work, we detail a pyrolysis-based bioconversion process for polypropylene (PP) to produce value-added fatty acids (FAs). PP pellets were depolymerized by pyrolysis, generating oil that consisted of mainly branched chain fatty alcohols and alkenes. The oil was mixed with biodegradable surfactants and trace nutrients and mechanically homogenized. The resulting...
10:57
Abstract Penicillin G acylase (PGA) catalyzes the hydrolysis of penicillin G to 6-aminopenicillanic acid and phenylacetic acid, which provides the precursor for most semisynthetic penicillins. Most applications rely on PGAs from Gram-negative bacteria. Here we describe the first three crystal structures for PGAs from Gram-positive Bacilli and their utilization in protein engineering experiments for the manipulation of their thermostability. PGAs from Bacillus megaterium (BmPGA,...
10:57
Abstract In spite of intensive exploitation of aspergilli for the industrial production of carbohydrases, little is known about hydrolytic enzymes of fungi from the section Cervini. Novel glycoside hydrolases Bgh12A and Xgh12B from Aspergillus cervinus represent examples of divergent activities within one enzyme family and belong to the GH12 phylogenetic subgroup I (endo-(1,4)-β-glucanases) and II (endo-xyloglucanases), respectively. The bgh12A and xgh12B genes were identified...
10:57
Abstract Background Neurofibromas (NF) are benign tumors of the peripheral nerves that are composed of Schwann cells, perineural-like cells and fibroblasts. The differential diagnosis for a solitary intraneural variant of neurofibroma arising in the floor of the mouth is broad and includes a submandibular gland neoplasm and adenopathy, among others. The intraoral approach is the best choice for a medium-sized lesion. ...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Abstract Non-native plant species invasions can have significant ecological and economic impacts. Finding patterns that predict and explain the success of non-native species has thus been an important focus in invasion ecology. The evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis has been a frequently used framework to understand invasion success. Evolution of increased competitive ability predicts that (1) non-native populations will escape from coevolved specialist...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Abstract The aim of the present study was to develop an ion-selective electrode method for the continuous determination of the intracellular pH in Lactobacillus plantarum using a small-scale bioreactor. This method employed a salicylate-selective electrode basing on the distribution of salicylic acid across the cytoplasmic membrane. This developed electrode responded to salicylate concentrations above 20 μmol/L with a Nernstian sensitivity. The energized and concentrated cells...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Abstract It is indeed necessary to design of an elderly support mobile healthcare and monitoring system on wireless sensor network (WSN) for dynamic monitoring. It comes from the need for maintenance of healthcare among patients and elderly people that leads to the demand on change in traditional monitoring approaches among chronic disease patients and alert on acute events. In this paper, we propose a new automated patient diagnosis called automated patient diagnosis (AUPA) using...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
In the published article the following information should have been included: Acknowledgment TSP was financially supported by Durham University’s Addison Wheeler bequest and by the European Research Council, under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 609819 (Somics project).
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Related ArticlesCaspase cleavage of transcription factor Sp1 enhances apoptosis. Apoptosis. 2018 01;23(1):65-78 Authors: Torabi B, Flashner S, Beishline K, Sowash A, Donovan K, Bassett G, Azizkhan-Clifford J Abstract Sp1 is a ubiquitous transcription factor that regulates many genes involved in apoptosis and senescence. Sp1 also has a role in the DNA damage response; at low levels of DNA damage, Sp1 is phosphorylated by ATM and localizes to double-strand...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 13:20
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