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Παρασκευή 30 Αυγούστου 2019


G‐spot anatomy and its clinical significance: A systematic review
The discovery of the G‐spot and verification of its anatomy and histology paved the way to better understanding. Until 2012, the G‐spot was defined as a physiological sexual response phenomenon with no identifiable anatomical correlate. The weakness of this definition is that a physiological response cannot exist without an anatomical basis, so the question motivating the present study was formulated: are current scientific‐clinical data sufficient to resolve the controversy about the anatomical...
Clinical Anatomy
Thu Aug 29, 2019 11:48
Long Non-coding RNA Expression in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas
Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in transcription and in epigenetic or post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They also have roles in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and in carcinogenesis. Because lncRNAs may also have a role in thyroid cancer progression, we examined a group of thyroid tumors which included papillary thyroid carcinomas and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas to determine the specific lncRNAs that were upregulated during thyroid tumor...
Endocrine Pathology
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
Morphometric study of inferior peroneal retinaculum and contents of inferior peroneal tunnel
Background: The aims of this study are to investigate the inferior peroneal retinaculum (IPR) regarding morphometric parameters, and contents in the inferior peroneal tunnel (IPT). Materials and methods: One hundred and nine embalmed cadaveric legs were dissected in prone position. Results: The extension band of the IPR was found in 31.19% of cases. The mean of length, width at the origin, width at the middle part, width at the insertion, and thickness of the IPR [mm] were 23.42 ± 3.54 (17.05–33.68),...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Anatomical variations of knee ligaments in magnetic resonance imaging: pictorial essay
Evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently a gold standard for comprehensive posttraumatic assessment of the knee joint. Increasing availability of MR systems with stronger magnetic fields and new sequences results in higher resolution of images and thus allows imaging smaller and finer anatomical details, including different anatomical variations. This article focuses on anatomical variations of knee ligaments, which can mimics pathological structures. Well-known and less common...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
The temporomandibular joint: pneumatic temporal cells open into the articular and extradural spaces
The pneumatisation of the articular tubercle (PAT) of the temporal squama is a rare condition that modifies the barrier between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space and the middle cranial fossa. During a routine examination of the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) files of patients who were scanned for dental medical purposes, we identified a case with multiple rare anatomic variations. First, the petrous apex was bilaterally pneumatised. Moreover, bilateral and multilocular PAT were observed,...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Computed tomography measurement of the bone matrix of vertebral pedicle and its clinical significance
Background: To provide the anatomic basis for the clinical application of the transpedicular screw fixation. Materials and methods: Thirty spine (C2–L5) specimens were used. The width of the pedicle cortex and width of the pedicle medullary cavity (WPC and WPMC), and the height of the pedicle cortex and height of the pedicle medullary cavity (HPC and HPMC) were measured at the isthmus of the pedicle using computed tomography (CT) scanning. Results: Width of the pedicle medullary cavity changed in...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Accessory muscles of the anterior thoracic wall and axilla. Cadaveric, surgical and radiological incidence and clinical significance during breast and axillary surgery
Background: The present study aims to summarise the accessory muscles of the anterior thoracic wall and axilla that can be encountered during breast and axillary surgery and record their incidence and clinical significance. Moreover, the laterality of the atypical muscles is highlighted and possible gender dimorphism is referred. Accessory anterior thoracic wall muscles include: Langer’s axillary arch, sternalis muscle, chondrocoracoideus, chondroepitrochlearis, chondrofascialis, pectoralis minimus,...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Evaluation of relationship between middle cerebellar peduncle asymmetry and dominant hand by diffusion tensor imaging
Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) asymmetry by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) according to the dominant hand. Materials and methods: Sixty-four volunteers who met the exclusion and inclusion criteria were prospectively evaluated by DTI. Circular voxels of interest were drawn at the right and left MCP levels for all volunteers. The software automatically calculated the median values of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and number of...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Klingler’s method of brain dissection: review of the technique including its usefulness in practical neuroanatomy teaching, neurosurgery and neuroimaging
Klingler’s technique was discovered in the 1930s. It is a modified method of brain fixation and dissection, based on freezing and thawing of the brain tissue, subsequent peeling away of white matter fibres and the gradual exposure of white matter tracts. The added value of this technique is that it is carried out in a stratigraphic manner. This fact makes it an invaluable tool for an in-depth understanding of the complex anatomical organisation of the cerebral hemispheres. The purpose of this paper...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Quality and quantity comparison study of corrosion casts of bovine testis made using two synthetic kits: Plastogen G and Batson no. 17
Background: Although corrosion casting has been implemented for almost five centuries, the choice of resin has a strong influence on the effectiveness of casting vessel formations. Our aim was to compare quality and quantity features of two groups of corrosion casts made using two kits: Plastogen G resin and Batson no. 17 resin. Materials and methods: Thirty corrosion casts were made of testicular arterial vessels (15 made using Plastogen G and 15 made using Batson no. 17) and their shape, colour,...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Evaluation of maxillary sinus anatomical variations and pathologies in elderly, young, posterior dentate and edentulous patient groups with cone-beam computed tomography
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of maxillary sinus pathologies and anatomic variations in elderly and edentulous patients by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: The study included elderly and young patient groups. The elderly group involved posterior edentulous and dentate patients. CBCT images were assessed, and the presence of any pathological findings, septa, accessory maxillary ostium, and Haller cell in each maxillary sinus were...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Sex and level differences in the diameters of extradural segment of vertebral artery: computed tomography angiographic study
Background: We investigated diameters of prevertebral — V1, and atlantic — V3 parts of extradural segment of vertebral artery (VA). Variable results from the literaturę about VA diameters reflect variety of diagnostic and imaging methods, various sample sizes, different levels of measurements, and lack of possible specific ethnic, regional or genetic data. Additionally, the data are often without distinctions of left-right or of sex. Materials and methods: For this computed tomography (CT) angiographic...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
The incidence of pneumatised inferior turbinate and relation to close anatomic structures
Background: Pneumatisation of the inferior turbinate (PIT) is a rare abnormality of the paranasal sinus. It is very difficult to differentiate from the hypertrophia of the inferior turbinate clinically. Thus, it is important to be considered, especially in cases with no response to medical treatments. We aimed to investigate the presence and the frequency of PIT by computed tomography (CT). Materials and methods: A total of 2905 cases (1381 female, 1524 male) with an age range between 16 and 84 were...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Dural adhesion as a cause of late clip slippage from the medial cerebral artery aneurysm
Background: A properly placed clip may slip off the aneurysm during the postoperative period. Many factors have been attributed to this complication, although clip adherence to the dural stitch has not been reported. Materials and methods: Following the single occurrence of such unusual complication, 64 similar medial cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms were retrospectively investigated at a single institution. Clip adherence to the dura demonstrated in early postoperative computed tomography (CT) was...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Juxtaoral organ: an anatomical finding to be considered
The juxtaoral organ (JOO) is a vestigial anatomical structure which is not usually described in lectures and classic texts of general histology and oral histology, despite it being included in the “Terminologia Histologica: International terms for human cytology and histology”. Although there is evidence about its histological structure, there are no macroscopic anatomical reports about it. We report the finding of a structure of glandular macroscopic appearance in a horizontal section of a plastinated human...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
The effect of the functional asymmetry of the brain on face morphometry in the university students of mathematics and painting department
Background: The face is a complicated structure configurations of which are originated and components integrated during the developmental stages. Almost the whole of face is formed by neural crest cells migrating from the edge of the cranial neural folds to the pharyngeal arcus. Brain is an asymmetric organ both functionally and anatomically. While the left hemisphere is dominant in processing the verbal, mathematical and logical information, the right hemisphere is dominant in processing the perceptual,...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Body donation for research and teaching purposes: the contribution of blood donation units in the progress of anatomical science
Background: Cadaver’s dissection has a fundamental role in teaching and understanding the anatomy. Postmortem body donation (PMBD) is an important source of cadavers and provides an opportunity to carry out research or educational activities in medicine and surgery. The objective of the current study is to determine the perspectives and attitudes toward PMBD among blood donors (BLD) and elderly people. These data are fundamental to highlight the PMBD extent and individual factors that might influence...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Volumetric and three-dimensional examination of sella turcica by cone-beam computed tomography: reference data for guidance to pathologic pituitary morphology
Background: The aim of the study was to assess the dimensions and volume of sella turcica in healthy Caucasian adults with normal occlusion and facial appearance from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and methods: CBCT images of 80 Caucasian adult patients (40 males, 40 females) with normal facial appearance and occlusion taken previously for diagnostic purposes were evaluated. Two groups were constructed in accordance to gender. The volume, length, diameter, and depth of the...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Three-dimensional modelling of the femur and humerus in adult male guinea pigs (guinea pig) with computed tomography and some biometric measurement values
Background: Guinea pig is a species belonging to the Caviidae family of the Rodentia order and is frequently used in experimental studies. Biomedical imaging methods are used in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases in medicine. Among these methods, computed tomography (CT) is one of the most important imaging methods. In this study, it was aimed to perform the three-dimensional (3D) modelling of the CT images, obtained from the humerus and femur in the guinea pigs, via the MIMICS programme,...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
The morphological investigations on the heart and some vessels of bovine foetus between the 15th and 25th weeks of gestation
Background: The aim of this study was to define the morphological and morphometric development of the foetus heart obtained from the domestic cattle in the gestation period of 15–25 weeks. Materials and methods: For this purpose, a total of 30 hearts belonging to cattle foetuses (15 males, 15 females) were used. The ages of foetuses were calculated according to the forehead-to-tail length and examined in three different groups. After dissection; biometric, macroanatomic, morphometric and histological...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Morphometric and macroanatomic examination of auditory ossicles in male wolves (Canis lupus)
Background: The aim of the study was to determine morphometric and macroanatomic features of auditory ossicles and the tympanic bulla in wolf. Materials and methods: For this purpose, 7 skulls of adult male wolf were used in the study. Auditory ossicles was photographed on a dissection microscope after it was removed from the skull. A total of 14 morphometric measurements were taken among the different points of malleus, incus and stapes in Image J programme. Mean values of the measurements were...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in the synovial cells of patients with meniscus tears
Background: A meniscus tear is a serious trauma that develops during swinging motion of the fixed foot. Meniscus tears may also be accompanied by divergence of the lateral ligaments of the knee joint. Materials and methods: We enrolled 45 males and 35 females with meniscal tears in the present study. Patients with local joint pain, swelling, difficulty climbing stairs, patellar creeping, difficulties with daily living activities, local pain on palpation, and walking and running complaints, were included....
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Innervation of flexor hallucis longus muscle: an anatomical study for selective neurotomy
Background: The aim of the study was to describe the innervation of flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and obtain its surgical coordinates to facilitate selective neurotomy. Materials and methods: Fifteen embalmed lower limbs of adults were studied. Anatomical dissections to isolate the innervating branches of FHL were performed. Distance between the supplying nerve of FHL, including both its origin and termination, and the medial malleolus were obtained, providing anatomical coordinates beneficial for...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Effects of formaldehyde on vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metallopeptidase 2 and osteonectin levels in periodontal membrane and alveolar bone in rats
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate whether long term formaldehyde inhalation may affect periodontal membrane and alveolar bone loss leading to periodontitis. The negative effects of formaldehyde were described using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP-2) and osteonectin antibodies involved in the extracellular matrix and angiogenetic development. Materials and methods: Thirty adult Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Rats were...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
A classical model of educational cooperation in Human Anatomy: the Table Leaders
This project has been developed for many years in the Human Anatomy courses. Its good outcomes have been confirmed by years of evidence of excellent results obtained through the learning of Human Anatomy. This method of teaching and learning as one allows students who are taking Human Anatomy classes to receive practical training in small groups and transmit it to their colleagues in the practical training established in the Medical degree. Table Leaders feel rewarded as they learn to speak in public,...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of Nigella sativa and onion extract on nicotine-induced lung damage
Background: The present work aimed to compare the protective effect of Nigella sativa (NS) and onion extract on the nicotine-induced lung damage in rats. The antioxidant and anti-lipid peroxidation potentials of both agents on nicotine-induced lung damage were studied. Materials and methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley albino rats, treated for 18 weeks, were divided into six groups: one negative control group, two positive control groups (oral onion and oral NS), nicotine-treated group, onion extract-treated...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Dentin dysplasia type I
This paper describes a rare case of genetically determined dentin dysplasia type I in 26-year-old male patient. The paper highlights anatomical and radiological aspects of dental abnormalities and emphasizes the significance of the education of both general practitioners and paediatricians as regards referring patients with diagnosed dentin dysplasia for a multi-specialty therapy. 
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Acrylamide-induced adverse cerebellar changes in rats: possible oligodendrogenic effect of omega 3 and green tea
Background: Humans are widely exposed to acrylamide (ACR) and its neurotoxicity is a significant public health issue attracting wide attention. The aim of the study was to investigate ACR-induced adverse cerebellar changes in rats and study the possible oligodendrogenic effect of omega 3 and green tea. Materials and methods: Twenty-four adult albino rats weighing 150–200 g were randomly divided into four equal groups (6 rats each): control group (Group I), the rats that received ACR 45 mg/kg/day...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
Cross-over type of supernumerary digastric muscle
A cross-over type asymmetric anomaly of the anterior belly of the right digastric muscle was observed during a cadaveric dissection of the submental region. Three irregularly-shaped supernumerary muscle bundles were found between the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles. Although the anomalies of the digastric muscles are often observed, this complicated pattern has not been previously reported. Our findings and previous reports illustrate the morphogenetic complexity of the anterior belly of...
Folia Morphologica
Thu Aug 29, 2019 01:00
In vivo identification of arteries and veins using two‐photon excitation elastin autofluorescence
In vivo identification of arteries and veins is of great value for clinical practices and preclinical studies. We propose a simple and objective artery–vein separation strategy that considers the presence of the elastin‐TPEA border as the indicator of arteries. According to this strategy, the arterial and venous networks of mouse skin and cerebral cortex are excellently mapped and accurately separated in vivo without depending on any exogenous contrast agent, empirical knowledge, and algorithm. Abstract...
Journal of Anatomy
Thu Aug 29, 2019 16:34
The Pan-Cancer Atlas: a New Chapter in Cancer Molecular Targeting Therapy
Pathology & Oncology Research
Thu Aug 29, 2019 03:00
The transcription factor FOXM1 regulates the balance between proliferation and aberrant differentiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract Sustained expression of FOXM1 is a hallmark of nearly all human cancers including squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC). HNSCCs partially preserve the epithelial differentiation program, which recapitulates fetal and adult traits of the tissue of tumor origin but is deregulated by genetic alterations and tumor‐supporting pathways. Using shRNA‐induced knockdown, we demonstrate a minimal impact of FOXM1 on proliferation and migration of HNSCC cell lines under standard cell...
The Journal of Pathology
Thu Aug 29, 2019 18:55
The differential distributions of ASPM isoforms and their roles in Wnt signaling, cell cycle progression, and pancreatic cancer prognosis
Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive and treatment‐resistant malignancy. The lack of pathway‐informed biomarkers hampers the development of rational diagnostics or therapies. Recently, the protein abnormal spindle‐like microcephaly associated (ASPM) was identified as a novel Wnt and stemness regulator in PDAC, while the pathogenic roles of its protein isoforms remain unclarified. We developed novel isoform‐specific antibodies and genetic knockdown (KD) of putative...
The Journal of Pathology
Thu Aug 29, 2019 18:53
Next Generation Pathology: Artificial Intelligence Enhances Histopathology Practice
Abstract Deep learning algorithms have shown benefits for pathology in the context of risk stratification of tumors. Although the results are promising, several steps have to be made to confirm clinical utility. In a recent issue of The Journal of Pathology, Colling et al. present a perspective manuscript providing a roadmap to routine use of artificial intelligence in histopathology. In this commentary, we aimed to put these key points in the context of recent findings of AI and digital image analysis...
The Journal of Pathology
Thu Aug 29, 2019 18:53

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