Objective To determine whether cerebrovascular risk factors are associated with subsequent diagnoses of Parkinson disease, and whether these associations are similar in magnitude to those with subsequent diagnoses of Alzheimer disease. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study using claims data from a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2008 to 2015. The exposures were stroke, atrial fibrillation, coronary disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus,...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 14:00
Abstract The neural substrates of religious belief and experience are an intriguing though contentious topic. Here we had the unique opportunity to establish the relation between validated measures of religiosity and gray matter volume in a large sample of participants (N = 211). In this registered report we conducted a confirmatory Voxel‐Based Morphometry (VBM) analysis to test three central hypotheses regarding the relationship between religiosity and mystical experiences and gray matter volume....
Thu Aug 29, 2019 22:54
No abstract available
09:59
Abstract: An 84-year-old woman reported onset of headaches, diplopia, and blurred vision. On examination, she was found to have a left sixth nerve palsy and an incongruous right homonymous hemianopia. Brain MRI demonstrated a left petroclival meningioma, causing this unusual combination of clinical findings. The patient was treated with radiation therapy and has remained stable over 4 years of follow-up.
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Objective: Revised diagnostic criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) were proposed in part to reduce misdiagnosis of intracranial hypertension without papilledema (WOP) by using 3 or 4 MRI features of intracranial hypertension when a sixth nerve palsy is absent. This study was undertaken to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the MRI criteria and to validate their utility for diagnosing IIH in patients with chronic headaches and elevated opening pressure (CH + EOP), but...
09:59
Background: The need for an extensive evaluation for neuroblastoma in children with Horner syndrome is controversial. Methods: A retrospective study design was used. The cohort included 47 children with anisocoria who were diagnosed with Horner syndrome and 135 children with neuroblastoma evaluated at a pediatric medical center between 2007 and 2015. To detect neuroblastoma, patients with Horner syndrome underwent brain and cervical MRI, abdominal ultrasound, and/or measurement of urinary...
09:59
Background: To describe a case of optic neuropathy associated with intravascular lymphoma (IVL). Methods: Case report and review of the literature. Results: A case of asymmetric binocular vision loss is described, preceded by transient vision loss. Associated optic perineural enhancement and enhancing and diffusion-positive cortical lesions were observed on magnetic resonance imaging. Biopsy of the cerebellum revealed exclusively intraluminal neoplastic B-cells consistent with IVL. ...
09:59
No abstract available
09:59
Background: Although alterations in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) have been characterized using optical coherence tomography (OCT), there are little data regarding the peripapillary vasculature in this patient population. Our aim was to evaluate findings of OCT angiography (OCT-A) in the peripapillary region in addition to the RNFL measurements on OCT in patients with IIH. Methods: Thirty-eight eyes of 19 patients...
09:59
Abstract: Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS) often presents a diagnostic challenge because it can mimic neoplastic, infectious, or ischemic disease. We describe 2 patients with TMS with retinal findings of venous sheathing and bone spicule pigmentation. Mechanisms for such findings are discussed.
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Background: This study aimed to identify the reversibility of MRI findings indicative of increased intracranial hypertension in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients after treatment. Methods: This retrospective, observational study included demographic and clinical data from 10 patients with IIH and 10 controls. Brain MRI findings in IIH patients were recorded twice: once when patients had papilledema and again after resolution of papilledema. Neuroradiologists graded MRI findings...
09:59
Abstract: A 36-year-old woman presented with intermittent fever, nausea and vomiting, generalized polyarthralgias, and bilateral optic disc swelling. She had a history of difficult-to-control myasthenia gravis since the age of 18 years. Lumbar puncture demonstrated a normal opening pressure; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was remarkable for high protein, low glucose, and a mononuclear pleocytosis. Although initial MRI of the brain was normal, a repeat study 8 weeks later revealed enlarged and enhancing...
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Background: Although lumbar punctures (LPs) are used for diagnostic evaluation in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), they can also provide relief from IIH-associated headache. Conversely, low-pressure headache secondary to LP can be debilitating. Low-volume cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removal to a “high-normal” closing pressure (CP), approximately 18–20 cm H2O, may result in relief of IIH-associated headache with a lowered frequency of post-LP headache. Methods: We conducted a single-center...
09:59
In this issue of Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology, M. Tariq Bhatti, MD and Mark L. Moster, MD will discuss the following 6 articles: Markus HS, Levi C, King A, Madigan J, Norris J; Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS) Investigators. Antiplatelet Therapy vs Anticoagulation Therapy in Cervical Artery Dissection: The Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS) Randomized Clinical Trial Final Results. JAMA Neurol. [published ahead of print February 25, 2019] doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0072.Cortese...
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Background: Compression of the optic chiasm by pituitary tumors typically results in bitemporal hemianopia, implying that nasal retinal fibers are preferentially damaged. The reason for this is not clear. One theory suggests that nasal fibers are selectively vulnerable simply because they cross each other. This study investigated the “crossing theory” by correlating visual field (VF) loss with chiasmal elevation and with the degree of eccentric compression on MRI scans. Methods: Our hospital...
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No abstract available
09:59
Background: In the setting of a pale optic disc, distinguishing a previous episode of optic neuritis (ON) from that of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) may be difficult on clinical examination. Differences in peripapillary vascular network structures, if present, might be of diagnostic utility. Methods: Thirty-five eyes with demyelinating ON, 33 eyes with NAION, and 81 eyes of normal subjects were imaged with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) to assess...
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Background: No proven treatment exists for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), either in the acute or late phase. Objective: To assess safety and changes in visual function and structure after RPh201/placebo treatment in participants with previous NAION. Design and Setting: Phase 2a, single-site, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked trial (registration NCT02045212). Main Outcomes Measures: Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study best-corrected...
09:59
Background: We describe successful surgical treatment of superior oblique myokymia, which had recurred after superior oblique tenectomy. Methods: Single case report. Results: The distal stump of the superior oblique tendon was extirpated by stripping it from the globe. The ipsilateral superior rectus muscle also was recessed, to correct a hypertropia that had resulted from the original superior oblique tenectomy. Conclusions: Complete removal of the distal superior oblique muscle...
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Abstract: Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders result from a maldevelopment of brainstem nuclei and/or cranial nerves. In some cases, specific genetic abnormalities have been identified. We expand the clinical phenotype of these disorders with the report of a 28-month-old girl who was initially evaluated for seizures and was found to have right sixth nerve palsy, small optic discs with reduced vision in her right eye. Her development was delayed. Brain MRI showed multiple abnormalities...
09:59
No abstract available
09:59
Background: Migraine is very common. In addition to affecting visual quality of life, migraine can be seen in the neuro-ophthalmology office with regularity. Treatment is critical to assist in the reduction of disability and symptoms. Knowing the evidence-based new treatments is important for every neuro-ophthalmologist. Methods: Using PubMed, and using the term migraine as it related to the terms treatment, evidence-based, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitor or antibody, electrical...
09:59
Abstract: Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle (CGTV) is a rare, slow-growing, World Health Organization Grade II glial tumor, with stereotyped localization in the anterior third ventricle. Despite being considered a noninvasive tumor, CGTV is usually associated with a poor clinical outcome due to its close proximity to important cerebral structures, such as the hypothalamus and visual pathways. Our patient with CGTV experienced visual involvement, but after subtotal surgical resection showed...
09:59
Background: Migraine is a chronic disabling neurologic condition that can be treated with a combination of both pharmacologic and complementary and integrative health options. Evidence Acquisition: With the growing interest in the US population in the use of nonpharmacologic treatments, we reviewed the evidence for supplements and behavioral interventions used for migraine prevention. Results: Supplements reviewed included vitamins, minerals, and certain herbal preparations. Behavioral...
09:59
No abstract available
09:59
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common pulmonary disorder with many systemic sequelae. Its association with diseases seen in neuro-ophthalmology is being increasingly recognized. Treatment of OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may reverse the pathology in some eye diseases. Evidence Acquisition: We conducted a search of the literature using the Ovid Medline database and Google Scholar, focusing on articles that explored the association between OSA and ophthalmic...
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No abstract available
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No abstract available
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No abstract available
09:59
The estimation of relative distance is a perceptual task used extensively in everyday life. This important skill suffers from biases that may be more pronounced when estimation is based on haptics. This is esp...
Wed Aug 28, 2019 03:00
Individuals with motor-incomplete SCI (m-iSCI) remain limited community ambulators, partly because they have difficulty with the skilled walking requirements of everyday life that require adaptations in inter-...
Wed Aug 28, 2019 03:00
Gait impairment is a common consequence of stroke and typically involves a hemiparetic or asymmetric walking pattern. Asymmetric gait patterns are correlated with decreased gait velocity and efficiency as well...
Wed Aug 28, 2019 03:00
Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Shingo Udagawa, Keitaro Miyara, Hiroki Takekata, Yuki Takeuchi, Akihiro TakemuraAbstractBackgroundMicro-computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive technique that is used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images of tissue structure in small animals. Compared with extensive mammal studies, few 3D imaging studies of fish have been conducted using micro-CT. An optimized method for imaging fish tissue structure...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:47
Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Bhavika B. Patel, Kendra L. Clark, Emily M. Kozik, Linkan Dash, Julie A. Kuhlman, Donald S. SakaguchiAbstractBackgroundPrimary cell culture is a valuable tool to utilize in parallel with in vivo studies in order to maximize our understanding of the mechanisms surrounding neurogenesis and central nervous system (CNS) regeneration and plasticity. The zebrafish is an important model for biomedical research...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:47
Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Hamid Charkhkar, Breanne P. Christie, Gilles J. Pinault, Dustin J. Tyler, Ronald J. TrioloAbstractThe purpose of this review article is to describe the underlying methodology for successfully translating novel interfaces for electrical modulation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) from basic design concepts to clinical applications and chronic human use. Despite advances in technologies to communicate...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:47
Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Liset Menendez de la Prida, Illana Gozes
Thu Aug 29, 2019 17:47
Publication date: Available online 29 August 2019Source: NeuroImageAuthor(s): Sumientra Rampersad, Biel Roig-Solvas, Mathew Yarossi, Praveen P. Kulkarni, Emiliano Santarnecchi, Alan D. Dorval, Dana H. BrooksAbstractTranscranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a noninvasive method used to modulate activity of superficial brain regions. Deeper and more steerable stimulation could potentially be achieved using transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS): two high-frequency alternating...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 16:51
Thu Aug 29, 2019 22:53
SUMMARY:Zero TE MR imaging is a novel technique that achieves a near-zero time interval between radiofrequency excitation and data acquisition, enabling visualization of short-T2 materials such as cortical bone. Zero TE offers a promising radiation-free alternative to CT with rapid, high-resolution, silent, and artifact-resistant imaging, as well as the potential for "pseudoCT" reconstructions. In this report, we will discuss our preliminary experience with zero TE, including technical principles...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 21:55
SUMMARY:The aim of this study was to describe the feasibility, technique, and safety of distal transradial access in the anatomic snuffbox for diagnostic cerebral angiography. A retrospective review of diagnostic cerebral angiograms obtained during a 6-month period with distal transradial access was performed. Thirty-four successful procedures were performed via distal transradial access. There were 4 failed attempts. This single-center experience using distal transradial access suggests that this...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 21:55
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The Woven EndoBridge device proved its effectiveness in the treatment of ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms as a stand-alone device. Before 2016, Woven EndoBridge deployment required at least a 0.021-inch microcatheter. In 2016, a smaller device, the Woven EndoBridge 17 with finer size increments that used a 0.017-inch microcatheter, was introduced. We retrospectively analyzed our initial and follow-up results with the Woven EndoBridge 17 in ruptured and unruptured...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 21:55
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Quantitative imaging biomarkers have not been established for the diagnosis of spinal canal stenosis. This work aimed to lay the groundwork to establish such biomarkers by leveraging the developments in machine learning and medical imaging informatics.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Machine learning algorithms were trained to segment lumbar spinal canal areas on axial views and intervertebral discs on sagittal views of lumbar MRIs. These were used to measure spinal canal areas at each...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 21:55
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Intraocular silicone oil injection has been used to treat complicated retinal detachments, and recently its retrolaminar and intracranial migration has been reported. The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence of posterior migration of intraocular silicone oil on head CT and describe the clinical and radiologic findings.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This retrospective study included 57 patients with intraocular silicone oil injection who underwent unenhanced head CT between...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 21:55
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Zero TE–MRA is less sensitive to field heterogeneity, complex flow, and acquisition noise. This study aimed to prospectively validate the feasibility of zero TE–MRA for cerebrovascular diseases assessment, compared with TOF-MRA.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Seventy patients suspected of having cerebrovascular disorders were recruited. Sound levels were estimated for each MRA subjectively and objectively in different modes. MRA image quality was estimated by 2 neuroradiologists. The...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 21:55
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Fetuses with isolated nonsevere ventriculomegaly (INSVM) are at risk of presenting neurodevelopmental delay. However, the currently used clinical parameters are insufficient to select cases with high risk and determine whether subtle changes in brain development are present and might be a risk factor. The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive evaluation of cortical development in INSVM by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and assess its association with neonatal neurobehavior.MATERIALS...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 21:55
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Huntington disease is a devastating genetic neurodegenerative disorder for which no effective treatment is yet available. Although progressive striatal atrophy is its pathologic hallmark, concomitant cortical deterioration is assumed to occur, but it is poorly characterized. Our objective was to study the loss of cortical integrity and its association with clinical indicators throughout the course of the disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Using a cohort of 39 patients with Huntington...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 21:55
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:4D-DSA allows time-resolved 3D imaging of the cerebral vasculature. The aim of our study was to evaluate this method in comparison with the current criterion standard 3D-DSA by qualitative and quantitative means using computational fluid dynamics.MATERIALS AND METHODS:3D- and 4D-DSA datasets were acquired in patients with cerebral aneurysms. Computational fluid dynamics analysis was performed for all datasets. Using computational fluid dynamics, we compared 4D-DSA with 3D-DSA...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 21:55
03:00
CA1 hippocampal neurons are sensitive to ischemia. The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptors are a cell-cell contact signaling pathway for regulating neuron function and death. However, the mechanisms of EphA receptor in neuron death after ischemia remain unclear. In this study, we present evidence that outwardly rectifying chloride channels reside in CA1 hippocampal neurons. EphA4 receptor increased chloride channel currents. Moreover, the EphA4 receptor no longer had...
Tue Aug 27, 2019 03:00
Retrieval practice effect refers to better long-term retention enhanced by active retrieval compared to re-studying, which has been widely demonstrated. However, controversies remain as to whether the underlying mechanism of this effect could be attributed to semantic elaboration. We investigated whether retrieval practice and elaboration were equivalent by observing the underlying cognitive processes of the two conditions using corresponding event-related potentials measures of associative memory...
Tue Aug 27, 2019 03:00
Neurones in the primary visual cortex (V1) are classified into simple and complex types. Simple cells are phase-sensitive, that is, they modulate their responses according to the position and brightness polarity of edges in their receptive fields. Complex cells are phase invariant, that is, they respond to edges in their receptive fields regardless of location or brightness polarity. Simple and complex cells are quantified by the degree of sensitivity to the spatial phases of drifting sinusoidal...
Tue Aug 27, 2019 03:00
Many studies have reported abnormalities in the volume of subcortical structures in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and many of these change with age. However, most studies that have investigated subcortical structures were cross-sectional and did not accurately segment the subcortical structures. In this study, we used volBrain, an automatic and reliable quantitative analysis tool, and a longitudinal design to examine developmental changes in the volume of subcortical structures...
Tue Aug 27, 2019 03:00
Although accumulating evidence suggests that there are significant anatomical and histological differences between the sulci and gyri of the cerebral cortex, whether there is a difference in the distribution of interneurons between the two cortical regions remains largely unknown. In this study, we systematically compared the distributions of parvalbumin-positive interneurons among three neighboring gyrus and sulcus pairs—coronal gyrus and cruciate sulcus, anterior ectosylvian gyrus and rostral suprasylvian...
Tue Aug 27, 2019 03:00
No abstract available
Fri Aug 23, 2019 03:00
Background: Lumbar puncture (LP) opening pressures (OPs) are known to fluctuate based on diurnal, environmental, and pathologic conditions. Despite their dynamic nature, single OPs are often deemed sufficient for diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressures (ICPs) in nonspecialists' hands. The purpose of this study was to determine the variability of consecutive LP OPs at a large referral center to determine the potential range of variability for a given LP OP. Methods: In this retrospective...
Fri Aug 23, 2019 03:00
Background: Assessment of spontaneous venous pulsation (SVP) is commonly undertaken to help determine whether intracranial pressure (ICP) is elevated. Previous studies using direct ophthalmoscopy or slit-lamp assessments have found that SVP is not observed in 67%–81% of subjects with normal ICP, and that interobserver agreement when grading SVP is poor. Methods: Patients (n = 105) undergoing clinically indicated retinal OCT scans, who were all believed to have normal ICP, had 10-second infrared...
Fri Aug 23, 2019 03:00
Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019Source: Brain Research BulletinAuthor(s): Lu-yao Ao, Wan-ting Li, Lin Zhou, Yun-yi Yan, An-qi Ye, Bing-wen Liang, Wei-yang Shen, Xiong Zhu, Yun-man LiAbstract(3β,5α,16α,20S)-4,4,14-trimethyl-3,20-bis(methylamino)-9,19-cyclopregnan-16-ol-dihydrochloride (JLX-001), a structural analogue of cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D), is a novel compound from synthesis. This study aims to confirm the therapeutic effects of JLX001 on ischemic stroke (IS) and research its...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 19:14
Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019Source: Brain Research BulletinAuthor(s): Chandra Prakash, Monika Mishra, Pavan Kumar, Vikas Kumar, Deepak SharmaAbstractEpilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by the prevalence of spontaneous and recurrent seizures. Oxidative stress has been recognized as an intrinsic mechanism for the initiation and progression of epilepsy. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) against iron-induced...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 19:14
Publication date: Available online 28 August 2019Source: Brain Research BulletinAuthor(s): Ying Zhang, Yong Zuo, Bowen Li, Jinhong Xie, Zhao Ma, Anand Thirupathi, Peng Yu, Guofen Gao, Mengtong Shi, Changhao Zhou, Hongmeng Xu, Yanzhong Chang, Zhenhua ShiAbstractThe present study aimed to test the hypothesis that propofol (PRO) could exert a neuroprotective effect via inhibiting oxidative stress induced by iron accumulation. Human SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with ferric citrate (FAC), and then were...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 19:14
Publication date: October 2019Source: World Neurosurgery, Volume 130Author(s): Juan Iaconis Campbell, Miguel Mural, Franco Rubino, Eduardo Salas Lopez, Andres Cervio, Liliana OlviBackgroundHemangiomas are benign blood vessels tumors that represent less than 1% of all the bone neoplasms. Calvarial hemangiomas are mainly solitary lesions commonly located in the frontal and parietal bone; however, they may occur in any skull region. These tumors increase in size over a period of months to years before...
Thu Aug 29, 2019 18:17
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