Enophthalmos has many causes, and serious post-traumatic cases indicate the need for operation. Such diagnoses should be made objectively, and a robust method for quantifying the degree to which the globe has been displaced is key. Current methods of measurement, however, have long been considered unreliable and inconsistent, in particular with regard to interobserver variability. The aim of this paper therefore was to review all these methods systematically, to analyse their reliability, and to...
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The utility of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is clearly increasing [1]. High accuracy at each individual fraction is essential, but also challenged by intrafraction motion and anatomical changes [2–5]. For liver SBRT, studies on dose reconstruction has demonstrated that motion can substantially deteriorate the tumor dose [6–8]. These motion-including dose calculations were performed post-treatment with no possibility to intervene in case of unacceptable dose errors. Real-time motion-including...
The current standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is total mesorectal excision (TME) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) [1,2]. Despite this homogeneous treatment schedule, the response of these tumors is very heterogeneous and approximately 20% of patients will achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) defined as no residual tumor and complete nodal response as reported at histology after a standard resection [3]. Given the good oncological outcome of...
Low grade gliomas (LGG; World Health Organization (WHO) grade I and II) include astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, and collectively prognosticate a relatively favorable outcome with surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) compared to high grade gliomas (HGG; WHO grade III and IV) [1–4]. The age-adjusted annual incidence of LGG is approximately 1.0–1.7 cases per 100,000 person-years worldwide, with 10-year survival greater than 80% in pediatric subjects, and greater than 60% in adult subjects...
Esophageal cancer is a highly lethal disease, especially in developing countries. China has been a high-incidence area of esophageal cancer for many years and accounts for over 50% of the global morbidity and mortality [1]. The two major histological types of esophageal cancer are squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma, and there is a striking geographical variation in the incidence of the esophageal cancer subtypes. In China, approximately 90% of patients with esophageal cancer are diagnosed...
Radiation therapy is one of the main pillars of cancer treatment. As precision medicine is adopted more widely, individualization of radiation therapy based on patients’ biological information is becoming more important [1]. However, the biological profiles associated with cancer cell radiosensitivity have not yet been fully elucidated [1]. Clonogenic assays are the gold standard for determining reproductive cell death induced by ionizing radiation [2]. Past studies have shown that ex vivo SF2 (clonogenic...
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) results in a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 32% [1,2]. Local and regional failures as well as severe acute and late toxicities adversely affect OS [1,3,4]. Determining the balance between optimal treatment outcomes and low toxicity rates is challenging.
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is one of the mainstay treatment modalities for brain metastases (BM) [1]. Two recent trials showed a beneficial effect of adjuvant SRS to the surgical cavity for resected brain metastases [2,3]. The decision whether SRS is delivered in a single fraction or in multiple fractions depends mainly on the target size and the location [4–6].
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an effective treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [1] with increasing utilization [2]. However, broad adoption has been limited over concerns regarding radiation induced liver toxicity [3,4], as many patients with HCC have underlying liver dysfunction secondary to cirrhosis and/or a history of prior liver directed therapies. While clinical features can aid in identifying patients at risk for toxicity [3], there remains significant variability...
Conventionally the whole prostate is irradiated with a homogeneous dose to the entire gland in patients with primary prostate cancer (PCa) [1]. Even though an escalation of radiation dose is known to benefit tumor response, escalation to the whole prostate is not feasible due to toxicity [2,3]. This can lead to pivotal lesions lacking a proper dose and response [4]. For this reason local recurrences often arise at the primary location of malignant lesions [4,5]. The concept of focal therapies in...
Breast conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiation therapy (RT) is the primary management for many women with early-stage, invasive breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) [1–4]. Most women achieve good to excellent cosmesis after BCS and RT but some experience cosmetic failure, defined as fair or poor cosmetic outcomes [5–17]. However, comparisons of cosmetic outcomes across international jurisdictions using contemporary surgical and RT techniques for DCIS are lacking.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) results in excellent local control (LC) in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with 3 year LC rates of >90% and is standard of care in inoperable NSCLC [1,2]. Unfortunately, one third of patients with NSCLC present with locally advanced (LA) disease and are not considered for SBRT, but receive concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) if they have a good performance status [3]. Even with modern treatment planning and delivery, two-year local failure rates...
Mepitel® Film (MEP) and standard care (STD) were compared for radiation dermatitis in SCCHN patients. This trial was stopped prematurely since13/28 patients did not tolerate MEP. Grade ≥2 dermatitis: 34.8% (MEP) vs. 35.7% (STD) at 50 Gy, 65.2% vs. 59.3% at 60 Gy. MEP was unsatisfactorily tolerated and appeared not superior (NCT03047174).
Proton therapy has an important role in the management of head and neck cancer, where the dosimetric characteristics of proton particles are advantageous for treating tumors in complex anatomic areas. In addition to highly targeted dose depositions owing to the Bragg peak and superior lateral dose distribution of proton therapy, the introduction of spot-scanning techniques that allow intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) further improve dose distributions and normal-tissue sparing relative to...
Data regarding the incidence of retropharyngeal lymph node (RP LN) metastases in oropharyngeal cancer are limited due to the difficulty of surgical access [1] with pathological data based upon small series [2,3]. Imaging studies report a variable incidence (2–21%) of RP LN metastases [4–11]. MRI is superior to CT for the detection of RP LNs [1,12,13]. 2-[Fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) is considered the most sensitive imaging modality...
The radiobiological principles of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) are currently vividly discussed [1–3]. Compared to conventional fractionation, SBRT may exhibit some unique biological features including beneficial effects such as enhancement of systemic anti-tumor immunity [4] and a better ability to kill cancer stem cells [5], but also a difficulty to overcome tumor hypoxia with one or only a few fractions due to limited reoxygenation [2,3]. More specifically, when cells in vitro are...
The ONE SHOT trial is the first phase I/II prospective, multicenter, single-arm study assessing the efficacy and safety of a single-dose SBRT for men with localized prostate cancer. Aim of this paper is to present the phase I results of a 19 Gy single fraction urethra-sparing SBRT with real-time electromagnetic tracking.
Oesophageal cancer is a malignancy with a poor prognosis, as reflected by an average overall 5-year survival of only 18% [1]. Locally advanced oesophageal cancer patients are generally treated by chemo- and/or radiotherapy, either as definite treatment or as neoadjuvant treatment prior to surgery [2–4]. However, not all patients benefit equally. In 23% of adenocarcinomas (AC) and 49% of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) a pathological complete response (pCR, tumour regression grade (TRG) 1) is determined...
Gliomas comprise approximately 30% of all primary brain tumors (BTs). Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) accounts for more than half of all gliomas and is a highly malignant form of brain cancer with a 5-year survival rate of <10% [1,2]. The addition of radiation therapy (RT) to the GBM treatment paradigm has proven to prolong survival from 6 to 12 months compared to surgery alone [1,3]. The addition of the DNA-alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) to RT has been found to further improve the median survival...
The article by Spitz and colleagues describes an integrated physico-chemical approach to understanding the relative protection of normal tissue versus tumor tissue after ionizing radiation (IR) by the use of FLASH (>40 Gy/s) versus conventional (∼0.05 Gy/s) dose-rates [1]. Due to the potential importance of FLASH radiotherapy [2,3], and inspired by the Spitz analysis, this letter suggests specific criteria and investigations that may improve future assessment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2019.03.028
The identification and accurate contouring of the intraprostatic tumor volume is a crucial step for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in patients with primary prostate cancer (PCa). In the last decade the concept of focal radiation therapy (RT) has gained interest for patients with PCa and boosting the RT dose to the visible tumor areas within the prostate may improve treatment outcome [1,2]. Moreover, recurrent PCa after conventional RT often occurs at the site of the primary tumor [3,4]. Currently,...
Evofosfamide sensitizes esophageal carcinomas to radiation without increasing normal tissue toxicity
Esophageal cancer incidence in the Western world has risen over the past decades, with adenocarcinomas now being more prevalent than squamous cell carcinomas [1]. Alcohol intake, tobacco smoking and overweight are key risk factors, especially for adenocarcinomas. The disease is rarely curable with a 5-year overall survival of approximately 20% [2,3]. Standard treatment consists of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery [4].
To describe current practice in the management of rectal cancer, to identify uncertainties that usually arise in the multidisciplinary team (MDT)’s discussions (‘grey zones’) and propose next generation studies which may provide answers to them.
Head and neck image-guided radiotherapy studies have demonstrated considerable geometric uncertainties, such as setup errors, posture changes, weight-loss and tumor shrinkage during fractionated radiotherapy [1,2]. These geometrical changes impact the dose distribution such that the actual delivered dose is different from the planned dose [3,4], impacting organs-at-risk (OAR) dose(s) to clinically meaningful degrees.
Technical advances have made it possible to create highly conformal dose distributions using photon-based radiotherapy, prompting interest in hypofractionated radiotherapy. Prostate cancer shows higher fractionation sensitivity and a lower α/β ratio than healthy tissue; thus, the rationale is to use higher doses per fraction compared with conventional fractionation [1–3]. Randomized studies have shown that moderate hypofractionation was not inferior to conventional fractions [4–6], but they have...
Outcome of patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (stage III) is poor. In RTOG 0617, a median survival of less than 28 months is reported following radical chemoradiotherapy [1]. Efforts to improve survival through dose escalation have been unsuccessful and in fact appeared to be detrimental. Increased cardiac dose was implicated as one of the reasons for this. Since RTOG-0617 was reported, growing evidence shows that cardiac morbidity and mortality secondary to radiotherapy...
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Avascular necrosis of the femoral capital epiphysis is the most serious complication after traumatic dislocation of the hip in children. This case report discusses the localization and revascularization of the...
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Abstract Helitrons are mobile sequences which belong to the class 2 of eukaryotic transposons. Their specificity resides in their mechanism of transposition: the rolling circle mechanism. They play an important role in remodeling proteomes due to their ability to modify existing genes and introducing new ones. A major difficulty in identifying and classifying Helitron families comes from the complex structure, the unspecified length, and the unbalanced appearance number of each...
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Journal Name: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)Issue: Ahead of print
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Hearing loss is positively associated with a risk of dementia, especially among adults 45 to 64 years old, according to a new study (JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2[7]:e198112). Researchers in Taiwan analyzed data of 16,270 patients from 2000 to 2013 from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, comparing the incidence of dementia of those with and without hearing loss. Of the 16,270 patients included, 1868 developed dementia, and the dementia incidence rate in the hearing loss group was...
The Hearing Industries Association (HIA) argued against the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) marketing authorization of Bose's self-fitting hearing aids. According to the HIA, the authorization relied on a flawed Phase II clinical study design that the HIA stated "does not provide enough evidence of effectiveness of the self-fitting method given the study's initial reliance on professionals for fitting." The FDA originally granted the self-fitting hear aid a 'De Novo' in 2018 based on clinical...
Medicine to treat age-related hearing loss could potentially receive FDA approval through a study being conducted at the University of South Florida (USF). Chair of the USF Medical Engineering Department and Director of the USF Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research Robert Frisina, PhD, and his team were awarded a U.S. patent for his theory on managing hearing loss. He and his team believe that you can slow hearing loss by combining supplements for the hormone aldosterone with anti-inflammatory...
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Abstract Background Pemphigus vulgaris patients with exclusive oral involvement (OPV) treated with conventional immunosuppressive therapy may be non‐responders or experience severe side effects and/or relapses. In such cases, Rituximab could be used as adjuvant in recalcitrant OPV patients Methods A retrospective single‐centre study on patients with oral pemphigus vulgaris treated with RTX at the dosage of 375mg/m2 was performed, evaluating the complete clinical and immunological remission,...
Abstract Background Junction plakoglobin (JUP) is an important cell‐cell junction protein. Recently, its deregulation has been correlated with the initiation and progression of various malignancies. Our aim was to investigate the expression of JUP in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with prognosis and to further study the effects of JUP on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of OSCC cells. Methods We detected JUP expression in 273 OSCC specimens using...
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A nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-coupled ATPase assay has been adapted to semihigh throughput screening of small molecule myosin inhibitors. This kinetic assay is run in a 384-well microplate format with total reaction volumes of only 20 µL per well. The platform should be applicable to virtually any ADP producing enzyme.
A protocol for the synthesis of HNbWO6, HNbMoO6, HTaWO6 solid acid nanosheet modified Pt/CNTs is presented.
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Abstract Warming global temperatures are affecting a range of aspects of wild populations, but the exact mechanisms driving associations between temperature and phenotypic traits may be difficult to identify. Here, we use a 36‐year data‐set on a wild population of red deer to investigate the causes of associations between temperature and two important components of female reproduction: timing of breeding and offspring size. By separating within‐ versus between‐individual associations with temperature...
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Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Radiotherapy and OncologyAuthor(s): Douglas R. Spitz, Garry R. Buettner, Charles L. Limoli
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Publication date: September 2019Source: European Journal of Cancer, Volume 119Author(s): Qi Yang, Su-Mei Cao, Ling Guo, Yi-Jun Hua, Pei-Yu Huang, Xiao-Long Zhang, Mei Lin, Rui You, Xiong Zou, You-Ping Liu, Yu-Long Xie, Zhi-Qiang Wang, Hai-Qiang Mai, Qiu-Yan Chen, Lin-Quan Tang, Hao-Yuan Mo, Ka-Jia Cao, Chao-Nan Qian, Chong Zhao, Yan-Qun XiangAbstractBackgroundInitial 3-year results from our clinical trial in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients showed that induction chemotherapy...
Publication date: September 2019Source: European Journal of Cancer, Volume 119Author(s): Lih-Chyun Chang, Chor-Kuan Lim, Lih-Yu Chang, Kuan-Yu Chen, Jin-Yuan Shih, Chong-Jen YuAbstractIntroductionNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring EGFR exon 19 deletions or L858R mutation usually respond to epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), whereas T790M mutation and exon 20 insertion are frequently resistant to EGFR-TKIs. EGFR mutations other than those above are...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: European Journal of CancerAuthor(s): Peter A. van Dam
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: European Journal of CancerAuthor(s): Daniel R. McGowan, Michael Skwarski, Geoff S. Higgins
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Preclinical and clinical data of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors have demonstrated discordant data regarding acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between DPP‐4 use and AKI. This cohort study utilized data from the Department of Veterans Affairs evaluating patients diagnosed with type 2 (T2) diabetes with a DPP‐4 inhibitor and compared with nondiabetic and diabetic patients. The primary end point is the development of AKI, and statistical analyses were...
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Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Chengyan Wang, Bihui Zhang, Haochen Wang, Hanjing Kong, Fei Gao, Xiaoying Wang, Min Yang, Jue ZhangAbstractPurposeTo investigate the feasibility of using MRI based oxygenation imaging for early assessment of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) in an embolization model.MethodsIschemic AKI model was induced in 40 rabbits by injection of microspheres into the right renal arteries. Animals were grouped according...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Masami Yoneyama, Shuo Zhang, Houchun Harry Hu, Le Roy Chong, Dianna Bardo, Jeffrey H. Miller, Nobuyuki Toyonari, Kazuhiro Katahira, Yasutomo Katsumata, Amber Pokorney, Chian Keat Ng, Marc Kouwenhoven, Marc Van CauterenAbstractIn this work we aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a new pulse sequence called Relaxation-Enhanced Angiography without Contrast and Triggering (REACT) for free-breathing...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Tobias Wilferth, Lena V. Gast, Robert W. Stobbe, Christian Beaulieu, Bernhard Hensel, Michael Uder, Armin M. NagelAbstract23Na inversion recovery (IR) imaging allows for a weighting toward intracellular sodium in the human calf muscle and thus enables an improved analysis of pathophysiological changes of the muscular ion homeostasis. However, sodium signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, especially when using...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Roshan Timilsina, Chunqi QianAbstractIn magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), acquisition speed is always an important issue. In this paper, we propose a promising technique to achieve parallel MRI (pMRI) on a single-channel spectrometer, using a novel Wireless Amplified Nuclear MR Detector (WAND) for spatial encoding in image reconstruction. For this, a planar structure double frequency WAND is designed and...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Gordian Hamerla, Hans-Jonas Meyer, Stefan Schob, Daniel T. Ginat, Ashley Altman, Tchoyoson Lim, Georg Alexander Gihr, Diana Horvath-Rizea, Karl-Titus Hoffmann, Alexey SurovAbstractBackground and purposeAdvanced imaging analysis for the prediction of tumor biology and modelling of clinically relevant parameters using computed imaging features is part of the emerging field of radiomics research. Here we test...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Monika Uhrig, Johannes Mueller, Thomas Longerich, Beate Katharina Straub, Lukas R. Buschle, Heinz-Peter Schlemmer, Sebastian Mueller, Christian ZienerAbstractPurposeTo evaluate if single-voxel MR spectroscopy (MRS) of iron and fat correlates with biopsy results of hepatic steatosis and iron overload, and to compare MR-measurements with room-temperature susceptometer (RTS), ultrasound, controlled attenuation...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Theresa Palm, Evelyn Wenkel, Sabine Ohlmeyer, Rolf Janka, Michael Uder, Elisabeth Weiland, Sebastian Bickelhaupt, Mark E. Ladd, Maxim Zaitsev, Bernhard Hensel, Frederik B. LaunAbstractBackgroundDiffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is known to differentiate between malignant and benign lesions via the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Here, the value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)...
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Tao Wang, Huiyu Qiao, Huimin Xu, Dongxiang Xu, Gaifen Liu, Chun Yuan, Xihai Zhao
Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Magnetic Resonance ImagingAuthor(s): Woo Kyung Moon, Hong-Hao Chen, Sung Ui Shin, Wonshik Han, Ruey-Feng ChangAbstractPurposeSomatic mutations in TP53 and PIK3CA genes, the two most frequent genetic alternations in breast cancer, are associated with prognosis and therapeutic response. This study predicted the presence of TP53 and PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer by using texture and morphology analyses on breast MRI.Materials and methodsA...
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New Findings What is the central question of this study? Why do some subjects recover slowly following a bout of eccentric exercise and why is recovery faster following a repeated bout? What is the main finding and its importance? The results are consistent with two major causes of the reduction of quadriceps torque, the onset of low‐frequency fatigue which recovered relatively fast and a second, delayed, form of damage. Differences in the delayed damaging process largely accounted for the...
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Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: BrachytherapyAuthor(s): Brian J. Moran, Stephanie R. Rice, Arpit M. Chhabra, Neha Amin, Michelle Braccioforte, Manuj AgarwalAbstractPurposeLong-term outcomes reveal equivalent biochemical outcomes with low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy (BT) compared with radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy for the management of prostate cancer. Iodine-125, the most commonly used isotope, may be associated with long-term urinary consequences....
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Publication date: Available online 16 August 2019Source: Journal of Neuroscience MethodsAuthor(s): Chun-Cheng Huang, Yi-Ying Chen, Yi-Ting Fang, Yu-Chi Chen, Chih-Ming HungAbstractBackgroundThe demand to sample brain regions in non-model species is increasing as more studies are integrating neurological data into behavioural, ecological or evolutionary analysis. However, the sampling operation is difficult for researchers without neuroscience background. It is also a challenge to collect neuroanatomical...
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Abstract In this brief commentary, we provide some of our thoughts and opinions on the current and future use of zebrafish to model human eye disease, dissect pathological progression and advance in our understanding of the genetic bases of microphthalmia, andophthalmia and coloboma (MAC) in humans. We provide some background on eye formation in fish and conservation and divergence across vertebrates in this process, discuss different approaches for manipulating gene function and...
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Abstract There is a growing interest in human gamma‐band oscillatory activity due to its direct link to neuronal populations, its associations with many cognitive processes, and its positive relationship with fMRI BOLD signal. Visual gamma has been successfully detected using concurrent EEG‐fMRI recordings and linked to activity in the visual cortex using voxel‐wise regression analysis. As gamma‐band oscillations reflect predominantly feedforward projections between brain regions, its inclusion...
Abstract Exposure to acute prolonged sitting reportedly leads to decreased cerebral blood flow. However, it is unclear whether this exposure translates to decreased cerebral perfusion and executive function or whether simple strategies to break up sitting can maintain cerebral perfusion and executive function. This study sought to answer two questions: in young, healthy adults, (a) does prolonged (3 hr) sitting lead to decreased cerebral perfusion and executive function? and (b) does breaking up...
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