Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0471-7Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3–96 years, Kaufmann and colleagues reveal that common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain.
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Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0503-3In this Review, Likhtik and Johansen discuss how modern neuroscience techniques applied to the study of emotional learning reveal new principles for how neuromodulatory systems regulate distributed brain circuits and flexibly adjust behaviour.
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Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0504-2We express decisions through movements, but not all movements matter to the outcome. For example, fidgeting is a common yet ‘nonessential’ behavior we exhibit. New evidence suggests that this non-task-related movement profoundly shapes neural activity in expert mice performing tasks.
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Abstract The epistemic account and the noetic account hold that the essence of scientific progress is the increase in knowledge and understanding, respectively. Dellsén (J Gen Philos Sci 49(3):451–459, 2018) criticizes the epistemic account (Park in J Gen Philos Sci 48(4):569–579, 2017a) and defends the noetic account (Dellsén in Stud Hist Philos Sci 56(72):82, 2016). I argue that Dellsén’s criticisms against the epistemic account fail, and that his notion of understanding, which...
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Abstract Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a widely prevalent pathogen currently infecting over 90% of the human population and is associated with various lymphomas and carcinomas. Lytic replication of EBV is regulated by the expression of the immediate-early genes BZLF1 and BRLF1. In B lymphocytes, BZLF1 transcripts have been shown to be processed to a fully spliced form, as well as zDelta, a spliced variant containing only the first and third exons. While splice variants have been...
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Each year since Monsanto’s dicamba-resistant Xtend seeds have hit the market, farmers and rural communities have braced for record levels of pesticide drift. Learn more Slideshow Category: Flex Slider
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More than two million farmworkers perform some of the most demanding manual labor in this country, yet are the least protected from on-the-job harms. Learn more Slideshow Category: Flex Slider
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After 20 years of focused work with many partners across the US and around the world, chlorpyrifos is on its way out. Learn more Slideshow Category: Flex Slider
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Abstract Evaluation and comparison of odontogenic keratocysts and detigerous cysts immunoexpression and immunostaining intensities of Ki-67 antigen by assessing the whole extent of the epithelium (all epithelium layers in combination) and each layer individually. Ki-67 immunoexpression was evaluated in 15 odontogenic keratocysts and 6 dentigerous cysts using automated methods and the Aperio Technologies Inc. computer system. No statistically significant differences were observed...
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Abstract India has one of the highest incidences of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), with 75,000–80,000 new cases a year. The outcome in early oral cancer is better, but a significant proportion (12–14%) of these patients still relapses and dies due to locoregional or distant recurrences. Several clinicopathological and molecular factors have been used to prognosticate and predict outcomes in these patients of OSCC. The present study aims to validate Brandwein Gensler (BG)...
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Abstract Human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) tend to have good outcomes, however a subset does not share this favourable prognosis. The aim of this paper is to investigate the utility of tumour cell anaplasia and multinucleation as prognostic markers in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Retrospective review of 104 patients with OPSCC or squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary site (SCCUP) who underwent primary resection and/or...
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by Zohreh Mehrjoo, Zohreh Fattahi, Maryam Beheshtian, Marzieh Mohseni, Hossein Poustchi, Fariba Ardalani, Khadijeh Jalalvand, Sanaz Arzhangi, Zahra Mohammadi, Shahrouz Khoshbakht, Farid Najafi, Pooneh Nikuei, Mohammad Haddadi, Elham Zohrehvand, Morteza Oladnabi, Akbar Mohammadzadeh, Mandana Hadi Jafari, Tara Akhtarkhavari, Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki, Aliakbar Haghdoost, Reza Najafipour, Lisa-Marie Niestroj, Barbara Helwing, Yasmina Gossmann, Mohammad Reza Toliat, Reza Malekzadeh, Peter Nürnberg, Kimia...
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Abstract Background The standard treatment for cervical cancer is chemoradiation although some patients showed treatment resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of surgery after chemoradiation for cervical cancer. Methods Patients with FIGO stage IB2 to IIB cervical cancer were included in the study between 2005 and...
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Abstract The paper describes synthesis and properties of carboxylated styrene–butadiene rubber (XSBR) and its ionomer using the reaction between carboxyl groups of XSBR and zinc stearate. The self-aggregation of Zn2+ ion pairs resulted in the formation of an ionic cross-linked network, which gave excellent properties to XSBR. The transitions due to the self-association of the ionic cross-links in the ionomers in addition to the glass transition were observed in the dynamic mechanical...
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Abstract To improve the efficiency of energy, phase change microcapsules with capric acid as core material and urea–formaldehyde resin modified by graphene oxide (GO) as shell material were synthesized by in situ polymerization. The particle characteristics, chemical structure, thermal conductivity and thermal stability of capric acid phase change microcapsules were studied by environmental scanning electron microscopy, laser particle size analyzer, Fourier transform infrared...
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Abstract Protective windows have to be very hard and possess a certain thickness to provide a good wear resistance, as well as low weight and cost to be used economically. But, common transparent systems like bulletproof glass are quite heavy because they need a minimum thickness to provide protection. Therefore, laminate systems consisting of a thin transparent ceramic layer with a very high hardness and a low-cost as well as a lower-weight transparent substrate are considered...
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Abstract In this paper, the (In0.5Nb0.5)xTi1−xO2 (with x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.1) ceramics were prepared by solid-state reaction. To investigate the humidity sensitive properties, capacitance was measured as a function of relative humidity (RH). Our results reveal that the capacitance increases with the increase in RH and doping level. The best humidity sensitivity of 229.22 pF/%RH was achieved in the sample with x = 10. The humidity sensing mechanism was ascribed...
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Abstract An AlN–SiC solid solution-bonded alumina composite was successfully synthesized by pre-synthesizing an isostructural AlN mesophase as an induced nucleus at 1600 °C in flowing nitrogen. The phase composition and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The reaction mechanism is as follows. An AlN cladding is formed on the surface of Al particles by holding the Al–Si–Al2O3 green body at 580 °C...
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Abstract Compatibilization of blends by nanoparticles can impart the superior properties of the nanoparticles on the matrix and increase the compatibility of the blends. Manipulation of nanoparticles located at the interface is a premise and challenge to achieve. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was added to polylactide/poly(propylidene carbonate)/graphene oxide (PLA/PPC/GO) composites to manipulate the distribution of GO. By thermodynamic analysis and phase structure investigations,...
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Abstract Copper barium tin sulfide (CBTS) is a direct band gap earth abundant, non-toxic and quaternary semiconductor compound. It is used as absorber because of its direct band gap of 1.9 eV. A numerical guide is proposed for CBTS-based photovoltaic cell to enhance the efficiency of experimentally designed device with introducing Cu2O as back surface field (BSF) layer by means of numerical modeling. Device optimization was performed in SCAPS–1D software under 1.5 AM illumination...
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In the original version of this article, one of the concentrations of CNF suspensions has been reported to be 0.01% under the results and discussion of rheology measurements. It should have been 0.1% instead.
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Abstract The paper demonstrates the prospects of spark plasma sintering (SPS) for the high-speed diffusion bonding of the high-strength ultrafine-grained (UFG) near-α Ti–5Al–2V alloy. The effect of increased diffusion bonding intensity in the UFG Ti alloys is discussed also. The bonding areas of the UFG near-α Ti–5Al–2V alloy obtained by SPS are featured by high density, strength, and corrosion resistance. The rate of bonding in the UFG alloys has been shown to depend on the...
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Abstract Based on the synthesis of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) and ferrocene-1,1′-dicarbaldehyde (FcDc), a variety of novel La3+-, Sb3+-doped MOF-In2S3@FcDc-TAPT COFs hybrid materials were designed and synthesized with NH2-MIL-68(In) as matrix. A dense cladding layer has formed on the surface of the MOF-In2S3 heterostructure through coating FcDc-TAPT COFs. The detection of C-N bonds confirmed that the hybrid materials were covalently bonded with the ferrocene-1,1′-dicarbaldehyde...
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Abstract In this work, we report the synthesis and application of polymeric macroporous materials functionalized with ionic liquid (IL)-like moieties to serve as a support for enzyme immobilization. The method was based on bottom-up approach, where poly(styrene–divinylbenzene) (PS–DVB) nanoparticles were used as building blocks to form porous structures. Surface functionalization was done by introducing 1-butyl imidazole into the PS–DVB support to form IL-like imidazolium, which...
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Abstract Commercial V2O5–WO3/TiO2 (abbreviated to VWTi) SCR catalysts are modified with Ce and different contents of Cu in wet impregnation method to improve their alkali metals resistance, which is beneficial for prolonging their service life. After K poisoning, NOx conversion of VWCeCuTi sample modified with 0.30% Ce and 0.05% Cu is 89% at 350 °C, which is obviously higher than that of VWTi with a 50% NOx conversion. A series of characterization tests were conducted and verified...
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Abstract Development of inexpensive and high-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting is the major challenge for the scale-up production of gaseous hydrogen. Iron foam, which is composed of the second most abundant metal element on the earth, can boost the water splitting reactions after a simple treatment of surface phosphorization. The as-prepared electrocatalyst, which is denoted as FePx@Fe, exhibits an excellent activity in alkaline solutions, and requires overpotentials...
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Abstract Molybdenum disulfide/graphene (MoS2/rGO) nanocomposites are a promising candidate for energy storage materials. However, it is still a challenge to uniformly disperse MoS2 on rGO nanosheets, which the performance mainly depends on. In this work, we demonstrate a novel method to synthesize the three-dimensional (3D) MoS2/rGO nanocomposites by the high-gravity reactive precipitation in a rotating packed bed (RPB) reactor combined with the hydrothermal method. The prepared...
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Dendritic spines are divided into four subtypes, namely, Mushroom, Stubby, Thin, and Branched. The mushroom-shaped spines are related to learning and memory. Previous studies have shown that the dendritic cell factor 1 (Dcf1, a transmembrane protein) affects the memory process and regulates the development of dendritic spines by inhibiting the expression of lipocalin 2 (Lcn2, a member of the family containing over 20 small secreted proteins). However, the exact subtype of dendritic spines that are...
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Retrieval practice effect refers to better long-term retention enhanced by active retrieval compared to re-studying, which has been widely demonstrated. However, controversies remain as to whether the underlying mechanism of this effect could be attributed to semantic elaboration. We investigated whether retrieval practice and elaboration were equivalent by observing the underlying cognitive processes of the two conditions using corresponding event-related potentials measures of associative memory...
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3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) is a potent antioxidant polyphenolic compound. In this study, our objective was to investigate the underlying mechanism of the neuroprotective role of DOPET in attenuating spinal cord injury (SCI). Initially, SCI was induced by performing surgical laminectomy on the rats at T10-T12 level. Then, the neurological function-dependent locomotion was measured using Basso Beattie Bresnahan score, which declined in the SCI-induced group. Increased antioxidant levels such...
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the expression level of immunoproteasome and its clinical significance in glioma preliminarily. Furthermore, we studied the function and molecular mechanism of proteasome inhibitor ONX 0912 on glioma cell. Materials and methods: The expression of immunoproteasome in glioma and tumor-adjacent brain tissues was detected by western blot. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of low-molecular-mass polypeptide 7 in 55...
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