AlkB family proteins are enzymes that repair alkylated DNA and RNA by oxidative demethylation. Nine homologs have been identified and characterized in mammals. ALKBH1 is conserved among metazoans including Drosophila. Although the ALKBH1 mouse homolog, Alkbh1 functions in neurogenesis, it currently remains unclear whether ALKBH1 plays a role in neuronal disorders induced by ultraviolet-induced DNA damage. We herein demonstrated that the Drosophila ALKBH1 homolog, AlkB contributed to recovery from...
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The trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist RO5263397 effect on sensory gating in C57BL/6 mice was studied. Sensory gating is a mechanism for dosing and filtering the incoming information, by which the brain regulates the responses to sensory stimuli coming from the environment. Sensory gating deficit is considered to be one of the schizophrenia endophenotypes. TAAR1 agonist at a 1 mg/kg dosage contributed to the sensory gating index (S1–S2) increase. Sensory gating index rose due to the...
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Although accumulating evidence suggests that there are significant anatomical and histological differences between the sulci and gyri of the cerebral cortex, whether there is a difference in the distribution of interneurons between the two cortical regions remains largely unknown. In this study, we systematically compared the distributions of parvalbumin-positive interneurons among three neighboring gyrus and sulcus pairs—coronal gyrus and cruciate sulcus, anterior ectosylvian gyrus and rostral suprasylvian...
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Objective: Propofol is broadly utilized for maintaining anesthesia. Propofol affects neurodegeneration and neurogenesis by regulation of autophagy via effects on intracellular calcium homeostasis. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, is still unclear. Methods: In the present research, we systematically analyzed the effect of propofol on mouse neuronal cells (cell line: HT-22). Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were utilized to examine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to determine...
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Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are glycoproteins N-glycosylated at a specific asparagine residue in the S5-S6 linker region. Previous reports suggested that N-glycosylation-deficient HCN2 N380Q (NQ) channels fail to properly target to the plasma membrane and are unable to form functional ion channels. HCN channels are known to homo- and hetero-oligomerize and it is not known whether HCN2-NQ subunits can oligomerize with wild type (wt) N-glycosylated subunits to...
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Gastrin-releasing peptide plays an important role in regulating the advanced functions of the brain including emotional behavior, learning and memory. What’s more, gastrin-releasing peptide levels are also associated with the central nervous system diseases. Our previous study proposed that intraperitoneal injection of gastrin-releasing peptide can improve spatial memory in chronic ischemic model rats. It is well known that the hippocampus is an important brain area related to spatial learning and...
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by The PLOS ONE Staff
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by Chien-Hsing Lee, Feng-Chih Kuo, Wen-Hao Tang, Chieh-Hua Lu, Sheng-Chiang Su, Jhih-Syuan Liu, Chang-Hsun Hsieh, Yi-Jen Hung, Fu-Huang Lin Objectives Traits of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were examined. We investigated the differences of various biomarkers among individuals with or without Mets in a gender-specific manner. The gender-specific associations between E-selectin and MetS were further evaluated. Methods A total of 205 patients...
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by The PLOS ONE Editors
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by Chiara Gastaldon, Franziska Mosler, Sarah Toner, Federico Tedeschi, Victoria Jane Bird, Corrado Barbui, Stefan Priebe Introduction The NICE clinical guidelines on psychosocial interventions for the treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis in adults are based on the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which may not be studies with a pragmatic design, leading to uncertainty on applicability or recommendations to everyday clinical practice. Aim To assess the level of pragmatism of the...
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by The PLOS ONE Staff
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by Waquar Akhter Ansari, Neelam Atri, Javed Ahmad, Mohammad Irfan Qureshi, Bijendra Singh, Ram Kumar, Vandna Rai, Sudhakar Pandey Water deficiency up to a certain level and duration leads to a stress condition called drought. It is a multi-dimensional stress causing alteration in the physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular traits in plants resulting in improper plant growth and development. Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses responsible for loss of crops including...
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by The PLOS ONE Editors
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by Javier Rodriguez-Centeno, Cristina Manguán-García, Rosario Perona, Leandro Sastre Telomeres are nucleo-protein structures that protect the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. They are not completely synthesized during DNA replication and are elongated by specific mechanisms. The structure of the telomeres and the elongation mechanism have not been determined in Dictyostelium discoideum. This organism presents extrachromosomal palindromic elements containing two copies of the rDNA, also present...
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by Stephen C. Van Hedger, Shannon L. M. Heald, Howard C. Nusbaum Absolute pitch (AP), the rare ability to name any musical note without the aid of a reference note, is thought to depend on an early critical period of development. Although recent research has shown that adults can improve AP performance in a single training session, the best learners still did not achieve note classification levels comparable to performance of a typical, “genuine” AP possessor. Here, we demonstrate that these...
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by Felipe García-Pinillos, Pedro Á. Latorre-Román, Víctor M. Soto-Hermoso, Juan A. Párraga-Montilla, Antonio Pantoja-Vallejo, Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo, Luis E. Roche-Seruendo This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent validity of two different inertial measurement units for measuring spatiotemporal parameters during running on a treadmill, by comparing data with a high-speed video analysis (VA) at 1,000 Hz. Forty-nine endurance runners performed a running protocol on a treadmill at comfortable...
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by Anna Kruyer, Lauren E. Ball, Danyelle M. Townsend, Peter W. Kalivas, Joachim D. Uys Neuronal defense against oxidative damage is mediated primarily by the glutathione redox system. Traditionally considered a mechanism to protect proteins from irreversible oxidation, mounting evidence supports a role for protein S-glutathionylation in cell signaling in response to changes in intracellular redox status. Here we determined the specific sites on the actin binding protein cofilin that undergo...
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by Oliver Ombeva Malande, James Nuttall, Vashini Pillay, Colleen Bamford, Brian Eley Introduction There are few studies describing Escherichia coli (E. coli) bloodstream infection (BSI) among children in Africa, yet E.coli is increasing in importance as a cause of antibiotic resistant infection in paediatric settings. Methods In this retrospective, descriptive study aspects of E. coli BSI epidemiology are described over a 10-year period including incidence risk, risk factors for extended-spectrum...
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by Julia Wearing, Maria Stokes, Eling D. de Bruin Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between dependence in Activities of Daily Living and muscle strength, muscle morphology and physical function in older nursing home residents, taking possible confounders into consideration. Methods A total of 30 nursing home residents (age, 85.6±7.1 years) were included in this observational cross-sectional study. Performance of basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) was assessed with the Resident...
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by Jose D. Santotoribio, Luis del Valle-Vazquez, Angela García-de la Torre, Daniel del Castillo-Otero, Juan-Bosco Lopez-Saez, Maria J. Sanchez del Pino Background Pleural fluid homocysteine (HCY) can be useful for diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). There are no published studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of HCY with other tumour markers in pleural fluid for diagnosis of MPE. The aim was to compare the accuracy of HCY with that of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen...
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by Elke Tichelman, Myrte Westerneng, Anke B. Witteveen, Anneloes L. van Baar, Henriëtte E. van der Horst, Ank de Jonge, Marjolein Y. Berger, François G. Schellevis, Huibert Burger, Lilian L. Peters Background Mother-to-infant bonding is defined as the emotional tie experienced by a mother towards her child, which is considered to be important for the socio-emotional development of the child. Numerous studies on the correlates of both prenatal and postnatal mother-to-infant bonding quality have...
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by Yichen Li, Rebecca Saxe, Stefano Anzellotti Noise is a major challenge for the analysis of fMRI data in general and for connectivity analyses in particular. As researchers develop increasingly sophisticated tools to model statistical dependence between the fMRI signal in different brain regions, there is a risk that these models may increasingly capture artifactual relationships between regions, that are the result of noise. Thus, choosing optimal denoising methods is a crucial step to maximize...
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by Anil Kumar Goswami, Ramadass S., Mani Kalaivani, Baridalyne Nongkynrih, Shashi Kant, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta Disability prevents an individual from performing to the fullest potential. It is multidimensional. Disability may be physical, mental, social, personal, and environmental or a combination of these. The elderly experience an increased burden of disability, especially in areas where there are limited resources and rapid urbanization. Comparison of reported disability is difficult because...
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by Han-Wei Zhang, Chao-Wen Lin, Victor C. Kok, Chun-Hung Tseng, Yuan-Pei Lin, Tsai-Chung Li, Fung-Chang Sung, Chi Pang Wen, Chao A. Hsiung, Chung Y. Hsu This study aimed to investigate whether long-term exposure to airborne hydrocarbons, including volatile organic compounds, increases the risk of developing retinal vein occlusion (RVO) among the population of Taiwan. A retrospective cohort study involving 855,297 people was conducted. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis fitted the multiple...
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by Bryan Saunders, Tiemi Saito, Rafael Klosterhoff, Luana Farias de Oliveira, Gabriel Barreto, Pedro Perim, Ana Jéssica Pinto, Fernanda Lima, Ana Lucia de Sá Pinto, Bruno Gualano This study investigated the effect of open-placebo on cycling time-trial (TT) performance. Twenty-eight trained female cyclists completed a 1-km cycling TT following a control session or an open-placebo intervention. The intervention consisted of an individual presentation, provided by a medic, in which the concept...
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by Sandra M. Gonzalez, Wbeimar Aguilar-Jimenez, Edison Trujillo-Gil, Wildeman Zapata, Ruey-Chyi Su, T. Blake Ball, Maria T. Rugeles Introduction Mucosal immune activation, in the context of sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection, is crucial, as the increased presence of activated T cells enhance susceptibility to infection. In this regard, it has been proposed that immunomodulatory compounds capable of modulating immune activation, such as Vitamin D (VitD) may reduce HIV-1 transmission and might...
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by Matthew M. Munch, Laura C. Chambers, Lisa E. Manhart, Dan Domogala, Anthony Lopez, David N. Fredricks, Sujatha Srinivasan Urine is an acceptable, non-invasive sample for investigating the human urogenital microbiota and for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections. However, low quantities of bacterial DNA and PCR inhibitors in urine may prevent efficient PCR amplification for molecular detection of bacteria. Furthermore, cold temperatures used to preserve DNA and bacteria in urine...
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by Peter Sivey, Richard McAllister, Hassan Vally, Anna Burgess, Anne-Maree Kelly Objective An infectious disease outbreak such as the 2009 influenza pandemic is an unexpected demand shock to hospital emergency departments (EDs). We analysed changes in key performance metrics in (EDs) in Victoria during this pandemic to assess the impact of this demand shock. Design and setting Descriptive time-series analysis and longitudinal regression analysis of data from the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset...
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by Paolo Dolzani, Elisa Assirelli, Lia Pulsatelli, Riccardo Meliconi, Erminia Mariani, Simona Neri Mechanical stimulation appears to play a key role in cartilage homeostasis maintenance, but it can also contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that cartilage loading in the physiological range contributes to tissue integrity maintenance, whereas excessive or reduced loading have catabolic effects. However, how mechanical stimuli can regulate joint homeostasis...
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by Karolina Świder, Przemysław Bąbel, Eligiusz Wronka, Clementina M. van Rijn, Joukje M. Oosterman The role of state anxiety and state fear in placebo effects is still to be determined. We aimed to investigate the effect of fear of movement-related pain (FMRP) and contextual pain related anxiety (CPRA) on the magnitude of placebo analgesia induced by verbal suggestion. Fifty-six female participants completed a modified voluntary joystick movement paradigm (VJMP) where half participated in a...
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by Chu-Chang Ku, Peter J. Dodd Background Tuberculosis (TB) disease reactivates from distant latent infection or recent (re)infection. Progression risks increase with age. Across the World Health Organisation Western Pacific region, many populations are ageing and have the highest per capita TB incidence rates in older age groups. However, methods for analysing age-specific TB incidence and forecasting epidemic trends while accounting for demographic change remain limited. Methods We applied the...
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by Céline Richomme, Aurélie Courcoul, Jean-Louis Moyen, Édouard Reveillaud, Oscar Maestrini, Krystel de Cruz, Antoine Drapeau, Maria Laura Boschiroli The Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is increasingly considered as a relevant actor in the epidemiology of animal tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, monitoring TB in this species is key when establishing comprehensive control schemes for this disease still present in Europe. No data are available on direct and indirect TB diagnostic methods in wild boars...
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by Mu-Hong Wei, Xian-Zhen Chen, Xing-Xin Zhan, Zhi-Xia Zhang, Shao-Jing Yu, Wei-Rong Yan Background The performance of primary health care providers regarding DM management is poor in rural China, and effective training methods for providers are urgently needed. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of web-based training for improving knowledge about DM management among primary health care providers in rural China and to further compare the effects of the training effect between primary health...
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by Maria H. Kim, Alick C. Mazenga, Xiaoying Yu, Katie Simon, Phoebe Nyasulu, Peter N. Kazembe, Thokozani Kalua, Elaine Abrams, Saeed Ahmed Context High rates of burnout have been reported in low and medium income countries and can detrimentally impact healthcare delivery. Understanding factors associated with burnout amongst health care workers providing HIV care may help develop interventions to prevent/treat burnout. Objectives We sought to understand factors associated with burnout amongst health...
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by Jui-Ju Hsiao, Yi-Jen Huang, Hung-Ing Chen, Joe-Air Jiang, Jen-Cheng Wang, Ya-Fen Wu, Tzer-En Nee The intensive measures of luminescence in a GaN/InGaN multiple quantum well system are used to examine the thermodynamics and phenomenological structure. The radiative /nonradiative transitions along with absorbed or emitted phonons that occur between the different quantum states of the electrons and holes associated with these processes make the quantum efficiency of a semiconductor nanosystem...
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by Alexandre Corbeau, Julien Collet, Melissa Fontenille, Henri Weimerskirch Seabirds are well known to be attracted by fishing boats to forage on offal and baits. We used recently developed loggers that record accurate GPS position and detect the presence of boats through their radar emissions to examine how albatrosses use Area Restricted Search (ARS) and if so, have specific ARS behaviours, when attending boats. As much as 78.5% of locations with a radar detection (contact with boat) during...
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Aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs) are the largest protein family causatively linked to neurodegenerative Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease. Dominant mutations cause the disease, and studies of CMT disease-causing mutant glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) and tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) showed their mutations create neomorphic structures consistent with a gain-of-function mechanism. In contrast, based on...
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The function of frataxin (FXN) has garnered great scientific interest since its depletion was linked to the incurable neurodegenerative disease Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA). FXN has been shown to be necessary for iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster biosynthesis and proper mitochondrial function. The structural and functional core of the Fe-S cluster assembly complex...
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Heat shock (HS) initiates rapid, extensive, and evolutionarily conserved changes in transcription that are accompanied by chromatin decondensation and nucleosome loss at HS loci. Here we have employed in situ Hi-C to determine how heat stress affects long-range chromatin conformation in human and Drosophila cells. We found that compartments and...
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