Treatment modalities for burning mouth syndrome: a systematic review The original version of this article contained two mistakes. First, in the subchapter “Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA)” page 1895, reference 4 is cited three times, however reference 42 is the correct one.

Correction to: ConsEuro Conference 2019, Berlin, June 14-15 The product name Luxacore Universalbond in Poster no. 79, in Materials and Methods line 6 in the original version of this article should have been LuxaBond Universal.

Comparison of recovery in pediatric patients: a retrospective study Abstract Objective The recovery after general anesthesia is influenced by the choice of inhalational agent. Stimulations might make patient’s agitate. However, the recovery using no touch technique might be safer. In this study, we compared the recovery time, awakening end-tidal concentration, and respiratory complications among inhalational anesthetics in pediatric patients using no touch technique, retrospectively. Material and methods The subjects were pediatric patients aged 3 months to 11 years under general anesthesia using sevoflurane, isoflurane, or desflurane. Background, awakening end-tidal concentration, respiratory complications, the time of eye open, body movement, and extubation were recorded. Results A total of 170 patients were included in the study. There were no respiratory complications during emergence. Awakening end-tidal concentration in desflurane was 0.98%, sevoflurane (0.39%), and isoflurane (0.25%). In patients received desflurane, the time of body movement, eye open, and extubation were significantly shorter than patients who received other anesthetics (p < 0.05). Conclusions The recovery from desflurane was significantly shorter among three inhalational anesthetics with no touch technique. In addition, no airway-related complication occurred. Clinical relevance The recovery from desflurane might be useful to predict emergence by end-tidal inhalational concentration.

Is there a relationship of negative oral health beliefs with dental fear and anxiety regarding diverse dental patient groups? A systematic review and meta-analysis Abstract Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to critically appraise the evidence on the relationship of oral health beliefs with dental fear and anxiety in distinct patient groups. Materials and methods Observational studies were retrieved by Cochrane, Embase Search, Portal BVS, Clinical Trials, Ovid, Open Gray, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and they were manually checked for the inclusion of additional articles of interest. The assessment of quality of studies was performed by the application of three different versions of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, for cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. Only studies with low or unclear/moderate risk of bias contributed to meta-analyses, regarding the analysis of random effects of mean differences of dental beliefs scores between dental fear/anxiety and control groups, and the correlation of dental beliefs with dental fear and anxiety measures. Results Of 276 articles initially retrieved, 10 were included in the systematic review, while only 6 studies with unclear/moderate risk of bias were considered in meta-analyses. The mean difference of dental beliefs effects was higher in patients with dental fear and anxiety compared to controls (1.20; 95% CI 0.27–2.14; P = 0.01). Additionally, a moderate positive correlation was observed between dental beliefs and dental fear measures (r = 0.54, 95% CI 0.47–0.60;P< 0.001). Conclusions Based on these results, the presence of negative health beliefs is directly related to the increase of dental fear and anxiety; however, these findings are supported in studies with unclear/moderate risk of bias. Clinical relevance Dental fear and anxiety is an important obstacle for the access of dental treatment and patient-dentist relationship, leading to inadequate oral health levels.

Electromyographic activity of superficial masseter and anterior temporal muscles during unilateral mastication of artificial test foods with different textures in healthy subjects Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the electromyographic activity of superficial masseter and anterior temporal muscles during chewing gum and gummy jelly mastication in healthy subjects to reveal the difference of neuromuscular control of jaw-closing muscles, according to the food texture. Materials and methods Electromyographic activity was recorded in 30 adults with Angle Class I occlusion and unimpaired function from the bilateral superficial masseter and anterior temporal muscles during unilateral mastication of two test foods: standardized gummy jelly and color-changeable chewing gum. Differences in normalized electromyographic activity and asymmetry index values between gummy jelly and chewing gum mastication were analyzed during the early, middle, and late phases of mandibular closure. Furthermore, changes among the three closing phases were compared for each test food. Results High electromyographic activity of both muscles tended to occur bilaterally during the middle and late closing phases during gummy jelly mastication, but increased muscle activity in the late closing phase was not observed during chewing gum mastication. The asymmetry index of the superficial masseter muscle increased significantly from early to late closure, regardless of the food texture, but it tended to decrease for the anterior temporal muscle during gummy jelly mastication. Conclusion The different aspects of the chewing process between the comminution and mixing test measures are necessary to elicit the different human neuromuscular strategies of chewing for different test foods. Clinical relevance These characteristic EMG activities of the superficial masseter and anterior temporalis muscles may be used as supporting diagnostic information during patient assessments and a reference during evaluation of masticatory system disharmony or dysfunction.

Identification of salivary metabolites for oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral epithelial dysplasia screening from persistent suspicious oral mucosal lesions Abstract Objective To identify salivary metabolite biomarkers to differentiate patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral epithelial dysplasia (OSCC/OED) from those with persistent suspicious oral mucosal lesions (PSOML). Subjects and methods Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from age-, sex-, and race-matched patients who had a lesion in the oral cavity and for whom open biopsies were performed. The patients included OSCC (n = 6), OED (n = 10), and PSOML (n = 32). Hydrophilic metabolites in saliva samples were comprehensively analyzed using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. To evaluate the discrimination ability of a combination of multiple markers, a multiple logistic regression (MLR) model was developed to differentiate OSCC/OED from PSOML. Results Six metabolites were significantly different in OSCC/OED compared with PSOML. From these six metabolites, ornithine, o-hydroxybenzoate, and ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) were used to develop the MLR model, which resulted in a high value for the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC 0.871, 95% confidential interval (CI) 0.760–0.982; p < 0.001) to discriminate OSCC/OED from PSOML. Conclusions This is the first study to identify salivary metabolites that discriminate OSCC/OED from PSOML rather than from healthy controls. The profiles of salivary metabolites were significantly different between OSCC/OED and PSOML. The ability to discriminate OSCC/OED from PSOML is important for dentists who are not oral surgery specialists. These salivary metabolites showed potential for non-invasive screening to discriminate OSCC/OED from PSOML. Clinical relevance Salivary metabolites in this study showed potential for non-invasive screening to discriminate OSCC/OED from PSOML.

EFCD Curriculum for undergraduate students in Integrated Conservative Oral Healthcare (ConsCare)

Association of somatosensory dysfunction with symptom duration in burning mouth syndrome Abstract Objectives A standardized battery of quantitative sensory tests developed by the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS) was used to assess the association between somatosensory dysfunction and disease duration in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Materials and methods The 28 female participants with BMS were classified according to disease duration: ≤ 6 months (subchronic BMS, n = 15) and > 6 months (chronic BMS, n = 13); 29 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (control group) were recruited from staff of a dental hospital. The DFNS quantitative sensory testing protocol was applied at the ulnar surface of the right forearm and the tip of the tongue. Values for BMS patients and controls were compared and analyzed. Results The mechanical detection threshold (MDT) was significantly higher (i.e., loss of sensation) at the tongue tip in the chronic BMS group than in the control group (p = 0.011), whereas mechanical pain sensitivity (MPS) at the forearm was significantly higher (i.e., gain of sensation) in the chronic BMS group than in the control group (Z score = − 2.13 and 1.99, respectively). Multivariate analyses revealed that BMS patients could be discriminated from controls by using pressure pain threshold at the tongue (79.3%) (in the subchronic BMS group) and by MDT and MPS at the tongue tip and MPS at the forearm (96.6 and 89.7%, respectively) (in the chronic BMS group). Conclusions In BMS patients with long disease duration, MDT showed loss of sensation. Clinical relevance Increased MPS suggests that a neuropathic mechanism in the peripheral and central nervous systems is involved in BMS development.

Histologic analyses of flapless ridge preservation in sockets with buccal dehiscence defects using two alloplastic bone graft substitutes Abstract Objectives To investigate whether one of two synthetic bone substitute materials used for ridge preservation in the extraction sockets with buccal dehiscence defects was superior regarding new bone formation and ridge preservation and to compare it to sites left for spontaneous healing. Materials and methods In sixteen dogs, P3 and P4 were hemi-sectioned and the respective distal roots were extracted. Following the preparation of a mucoperiosteal flap without vertical releasing incisions, 50% of the buccal bone was carefully removed. The extraction sites were randomly assigned either to a ridge preservation procedure (alloplastic bone substitute material (two test groups)) or to spontaneous healing (control group). Descriptive histology and histomorphometric analyses were performed at healing times of 4, 8, and 16 weeks. In case of homogeneous variances, the results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. If inhomogeneous, the data was analyzed using Welch-type ANOVA, followed by the Games–Howell post-hoc test. Results The use of bone substitute material led to significantly greater horizontal dimensions amounting to 3.3 mm (SD = 0.67; test 1) and 3.5 mm (SD = 0.72; test 2) compared to spontaneous healing (1.7 mm, SD = 0.23) at 16 weeks of healing (p < 0.0001). A significant difference was observed between spontaneous healing and the test groups in terms of newly formed bone tissue at 4, 8, and 16 weeks (p = 0.001), with values reaching 7.9, 21.8, and 36.8% (test 1), 5.0, 10.4, and 29% (test 2), and 26.2, 43.5, and 56.4% (control), but there were no significant differences between the test groups (p > 0.05). The final ridge profile was more favorable after ridge preservation (p < 0.001) as demonstrated by a loss of 28.8% (spontaneous healing) and an increase in both test groups at 16 weeks (test 1 = 60.5% and test 2 = 31.2%). Conclusions The use of alloplastic materials rendered greater horizontal dimensions and a more favorable maintenance of the ridge profile. Clinical relevance Alloplastic bone substitute materials can successfully be used for ridge preservation procedures.

Relationship between the anatomic structures and mandibular posterior teeth for endodontic surgery in a Turkish population: a cone-beam computed tomographic analysis Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between anatomic structures and mandibular posterior region using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in terms of endodontic surgery. Methods A total of 150 CBCT images were used to investigate the proximity of the anatomical structures and the mandibular posterior teeth. The buccal and lingual bone thickness overlying each root, buccolingual, and mesiodistal dimension of the roots were measured at the level of 3 mm apical resection, and the mental foramen (MF) distance to the premolar teeth and the distance of the mandibular canal (MC) to all the posterior teeth were measured. Results The thinnest part of the buccal cortical bone was measured in the first premolar teeth (1.70 mm) and in the mesial root of the first molar (2.25 mm) while the thickest region was measured in the distal root of the second molar tooth (6.95 mm). The maximum amount of substance to be removed was measured at the distal root of the second molar tooth (11.26 mm), and at least the first premolar tooth (5.52 mm) was measured for buccal resection. The distal root of the second molar tooth was found to be the closest tooth root to the MC with a mean of 2.75 mm, and the closest distance was measured as 0 mm. Conclusions It is important to evaluate the parameters such as mandibular buccal and lingual bone thickness, location of the MC and the MF, and root size for atraumatic endodontic surgical approach. Evaluation of these data before endodontic surgery provides guidance to the clinician in the planning of endodontic surgery. Clinical relevance The mandibular posterior region, which is difficult to reach with traditional surgical approach, is now easily reached using an operation microscope. For this reason, endodontic surgical procedures have become popular in mandibular posterior teeth. Therefore, the relationship between the mandibular posterior teeth and anatomical structures that are important in the planning of surgical access line is examined in this study.