Retraction Note to: Diagnostic value of atypical lymphocytes in cerebrospinal fluid from adults with enteroviral meningitis The Joint Editors-in-Chief have retracted this article [1]. An investigation by Kurume University has not been able to establish what the appropriate authorship should be because one of the authors, Yoshihiro Sato, is now deceased. As the appropriate authorship cannot be determined the Editors-in-Chief no longer have confidence in this article. Kurume University has also stated that it has not been possible to verify the data presented as none of the research material is available for investigation. We have not been able to contact Yoshitaka Ohta, Yoshiaki Honda, Masahide Kaji and Kotaro Oizumi about this retraction.

Correction to: Jean Baptiste Octave Landry (1826–1865) The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Title was incorrect. The corrected title is given below.

CADASIL with spinal cord involvement: a case report and literature review

Synaptic vesicle protein 2A tumoral expression predicts levetiracetam adverse events Abstract Objective The efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) in controlling seizures in patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) depends on tumoral expression of synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A). Although LEV is generally well tolerated, neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) might occur, limiting compliance and seizure control. We aimed to assess the influence of tumoral SV2A expression on the occurrence of LEV-related NPAEs in patients with glioma. Methods Specimens from patients enrolled in the multicenter COMPO study, with glioma and BTRE treated with LEV, undergoing neurosurgery were retrieved. Immunohistochemistry-based expression of SV2A in tumoral and peritumoral tissue was scored in a four-point scale from absent (score = 0) to strong (score = 3). Low immunoreactivity (IR) corresponded to scores < 2. Staining ratios (tumoral SV2A IR/peritumoral SV2A IR) were grouped into low (≤ 0.5) and high (> 0.5). NPAEs were assessed longitudinally with the Neuropsychiatry Inventory 12 test (NPI-12). Results Overall, 18 patients were eligible for analysis. All received LEV monotherapy, with 67% developing NPAEs. Patients with NPAEs had significantly lower median SV2A intensity score compared to patients without NPAEs (score 1 vs 0, p = 0.025). Low staining ratio (≤ 0.5) associated with higher NPAE occurrence compared to SR > 0.5 (85.7% vs 0%, p < 0.01). A SR ≤ 0.5 predicted a consistent increase in risk of NPAEs (OR 45.0; 95% CI 1.8–1128; p = 0.02). Conclusions Our results suggest that SV2A expression in tumoral and peritumoral tissue correlates with the occurrence of LEV-related NPAEs. Thus, considering that SV2A expression also influences LEV effectiveness, SV2A staining might help in tailoring treatment to patients.

Histopathology of Moyamoya angiopathy in a European patient Abstract Background and purpose Moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) is rare outside Asia. Little is known about pathophysiology in European patients. This study aims to elucidate the histopathology of non-Asian MMA and its similarities and differences to those cases from Asia. Methods Here, we present a 57-year-old European woman with MMA and describe the post-mortem examination results of the brain and cerebral arteries. Results Histopathological findings in cerebral blood vessels were identical to those found in Asians. This included thickening and undulation of the internal elastic lamina as well as fibrocellular thickening and proliferation of smooth muscle cells of the intima in the distal segments of the internal carotid arteries and in proximal and middle segments of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. Collateral vessels showed fragmented internal elastic lamina and thinning of the media with isolated microaneurysms. Conclusions Histopathological changes found in this European patient are identical with those described in Asians. Despite suspected different genetic triggers and unknown pathophysiological cascades, MMA in Europeans seems to result in a common final pathway compared with the disease in Asians.

Management of intravenous thrombolysis in case of mechanical thrombectomy: global real-life data from SITS centers

Cochleovestibular artery syndrome: consideration based on VHIT, VEMP, and inner ear MRI

Jean Baptiste Octave Landry (1866–1940)

Alternatives to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

HSV-2-encephalitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab