Contextualism in Normative Political Theory and the Problem of Critical DistanceAbstract
Political theory is contextualist when factual claims about context are part of the justification of normative political judgments. There are different kinds of contextualism depending on whether context is relevant for the formulation and justification of political principles (methodological contextualism), whether principles themselves are contextually specific (theoretical contextualism), or whether context is only relevant for the application of principles. An important challenge to contextualism is the problem of critical distance: how can theories ensure a critical perspective if facts about the context to be evaluated are also part of the justification for the normative judgments? Tariq Modood and Simon Thompson have defended what they call iterative contextualism, which combines elements of all three kinds of contextualism in an attempt to avoid the problem of critical distance. The present paper discusses Modood and Thompson’s iterative contextualism and whether it manages to avoid the problem of critical distance.
|
Firm Authority and Workplace Democracy: a Reply to Jacob and Neuhäuser |
Do Psychological Defeaters Undermine Foundationalism in Moral Epistemology? - a Critique of Sinnott-Armstrong’s Argument against Ethical IntuitionismAbstract
Foundationalism in moral epistemology is a core tenet of ethical intuitionism. According to foundationalism, some moral beliefs (such as Ross’ list of prima facie duties) can be known without inferential justification; instead, all that is required is a proper understanding of the beliefs in question. In an influential criticism against this view, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong has argued that certain psychological facts undermine the reliability of moral intuitions. He claims that foundationalists would have to show that non-inferentially justified beliefs are not subject to those defeaters, but this would already constitute a form of inference and hence undermine the possibility of noninferential justification. The goal of my paper is to defend foundationalism against Sinnott-Armstrong’s criticism. After presenting his challenge, I first argue that the most promising objection to it fails. This objection makes the case that defeater-defeaters are not part of the justification, but merely preserve the justification which the original claim provides. I object to this argument by distinguishing between weak and robust defeaters; only weak defeaters, I argue, fall outside the scope of justification, and it is an open question whether Sinnott-Armstrong’s defeaters fall into that category. This leads the way to my own criticism of Sinnott-Armstrong’s challenge: foundationalists in moral epistemology are entitled to the use of defeater-defeaters as part of the justification for moral beliefs as long as those defeater-defeaters themselves do not entail moral claims. Therefore, Sinnott-Armstrong’s challenge does not undermine foundationalism.
|
Can our Hands Stay Clean?Abstract
This paper argues that the dirty hands literature has overlooked a crucial distinction in neglecting to discuss explicitly the issue of, what I call, symmetry. This is the question of whether, once we are confronted with a dirty hands situation, we could emerge with our hands clean depending on the action we choose. A position that argues that we can keep our hands clean I call “asymmetrical” and one that says that we will get our hands dirty no matter what we do I call “symmetrical”. Not acknowledging this distinction is a problem because, firstly, it adds to the existing confusions about how best to define what dirty hands are. Secondly, it prevents the concept of dirty hands from being applied properly to other contexts such as, for example, the responsibility and accountability of politicians. I argue that we have good reason to favour a symmetrical understanding because it gives a more convincing account of what makes an action dirty and because it more accurately captures our complex moral decision-making when faced with dirty hands situations. The paper concludes by outlining possible implications that the distinction between the symmetry view and the asymmetry view has on wider debates surrounding the problem of dirty hands.
|
Correction to: Understanding Harm and its Moral Significance
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Section Heading numbers (i.e. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) were erroneously removed in the article.
|
Beyond Frontier Town: Do Early Modern Theories of Property Apply to Capitalist Economies?Abstract
The theories of Locke, Hume and Kant dominate contemporary philosophical discourse on property rights. This is particularly true of applied ethics, where they are used to settle issues from biotech patents to managerial obligations. Within these theories, however, the usual criticisms of private property aren’t even as much as intelligible. Locke, Hume and Kant, I argue, develop claims about property on a model economy that I call “Frontier Town.” They and contemporary authors then apply these claims to capitalist economies. There are two problems with this application: First, we’ll be considering the wrong kind of property: The only property in Frontier Town are means of life. Critics, however, object to property in concentrated capital because they associate only this kind of property with economic coercion and political power. Second, the two economies differ in central features, so that very different claims about empirical consequences and hence about fairness and merit will be plausible for each. This second problem, I argue, is a consequence of the first. I conclude that Frontier Town theories are more likely to distort than to illuminate property issues in capitalist economies.
|
The Impossibility of a Virtue EthicAbstract
Virtue ethics is increasingly regarded as a viable alternative to consequentialist or deontological systems of normative ethics. This paper argues that there can be no such triumvirate of contending comprehensive ethical systems. That is not because virtue is unimportant but rather because genuine virtue is excellent and therefore rare. For most people in most morally salient situations there is no possibility of virtuous response because possession of the relevant virtues simply does not obtain nor can be usefully simulated. Instead, the much more universal and important moral requirement is suitable moderation of one’s vices. Nor should it be supposed that the absence of virtue(s) necessarily diminishes the quality of an individual’s life and that person’s value to others. Rather, moral deficiencies are compatible with other excellences and may indeed contribute to them. I conclude that virtue ethics is less worthy of pursuit than vice ethics.
|
Rights Against High-Level Risk ImpositionsAbstract
In this article, I argue for a distinct and novel right-based account of risks and I call it the Sophisticated High-risk Thesis. I argue that there is a distinction between rights-infringing risk impositions and no-rights-infringing risk impositions. An action imposing a high risk of harm infringes rights, whereas an act imposing a low risk of harm does not. I also suggest three principles that govern the permissibility of highly risky actions. If a highly risky action meets the conditions specified by any of these three principles, it can be justified. These principles are the consent principle*, the prevent disaster principle* and the reciprocity principle**. I show that the Sophisticated High-risk Thesis is, in general, better than the alternative Risk Thesis defended by McCarthy.
|
The Case for Emissions EgalitarianismAbstract
There is a fixed limit on the greenhouse gas emissions that the atmosphere can absorb before triggering dangerous climate changes. One of the debates in climate ethics concerns how the available emissions should be divided between people. One popular answer, sometimes called “Emissions Egalitarianism” (EE), proposes a distribution of emissions permits that gives everyone an equal per capita share of the atmospheric absorptive capacity. However, several debaters have objected to EE. First, it has been argued that there is no principled reason to accept EE, since it cannot be justified on the basis of any moral theory. Second, it has been argued that there is neither any pragmatic reason to accept EE, since it is impracticable, politically unfeasible, and fails to reach its goal. This paper defends EE against these objections. First, it shows that EE can be justified on libertarian, utilitarian, and fairness grounds, respectively. Second, it shows that EE is neither more impracticable, nor more politically unfeasible, than its rivals. It also argues that EE does not fail to reach its goal. Consequently, there is a case to be made for EE.
|
Cis-Hetero-Misogyny OnlineAbstract
This article identifies five genres of anti-queer hate speech found in The Australian’s Facebook comments sections, exposing and analyzing the ways in which such comments are used to derogate cisgender and (often) heterosexual women. One may be tempted to think of cis-het women as third-party victims of queerphobia; however, this article argues that these genres of anti-queer speech are, in fact, misogynistic. Specifically, it argues that these are instances of cis-hetero-misogynistic hate speech. Cis-hetero-misogyny functions as the “law enforcement branch” of a cis-hetero-patriarchal gender order. Given the existence of such an order, it is clear that cis-het women’s liberation is inextricable from queer liberation (and vice versa). This article argues that to facilitate allyship and challenge this gender order—the order that elicits such hate speech acts—we need an epistemological revolution in the way we recognize and re-cognize human difference.
|
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,
Translate
Ετικέτες
Τρίτη 20 Αυγούστου 2019
Αναρτήθηκε από
Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,
στις
11:00 μ.μ.
Ετικέτες
00302841026182,
00306932607174,
alsfakia@gmail.com,
Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,
Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis
Εγγραφή σε:
Σχόλια ανάρτησης (Atom)
Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου
-
►
2023
(278)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (139)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (139)
-
►
2022
(1962)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (107)
- ► Σεπτεμβρίου (158)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (165)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (163)
-
►
2021
(3614)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (152)
- ► Σεπτεμβρίου (271)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (64)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (357)
-
►
2020
(3279)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (396)
- ► Σεπτεμβρίου (157)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (382)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (84)
-
▼
2019
(11718)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (265)
- ► Σεπτεμβρίου (545)
-
▼
Αυγούστου
(750)
- Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5...
- Inflammation
- Radiology
- Programmed chromosome fission and fusion enab...
- Distinct immunology of the placenta
- Topography of the central retinal artery rele...
- No ‘gay gene’: Massive study homes in on gen...
- American Journal of Primatology
- Dermatological and Epidemiological Profiles ...
- Reply to Dr. Suga and Dr. Takenoshita Abstr...
- Με αυτό τον τρόπο το παιδί δεν θα εκδηλώσει ...
- Legends of Allergy and Immunology: Donald Y....
- The use of aggregation-induced emission prob...
- Αυτό το παυσίπονο αυξάνει τον κίνδυνο υπογλυ...
- VASCULARITY TARGETED PERCUTANEOUS ETHANOL IN...
- Leucine depletion extends the lifespans of l...
- Trends in Mortality From Human Immunodeficien...
- Associations between cerebrovascular risk fa...
- Stem Cells in the Treatment of Disease New E...
- Head and Neck
- British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Sur...
- Cancer Science
- Clinical Anatomy
- Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5...
- Nanomaterials, Vol. 9, Pages 1218: Fabrica...
- Medicina, Vol. 55, Pages 547: Total Serum ...
- International Journal of Environmental Resear...
- Arts, Vol. 8, Pages 111: The Persistence o...
- Arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant chromium toleran...
- Adenine decreases hypertrophic effects through i...
- Degradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol by Enterobac...
- Special issue on Intelligence Computation Evolut...
- A nonlinear state marginal price vector model fo...
- What's new in academic International medicine? T...
- Mādhyamikas Playing Bad Hands: The Case of Custo...
- Microporous scaffolds support assembly and diffe...
- The Gender Gap in Globalization and Well-Being A...
- Evaluation of a trap-and-transport program for a...
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Vol. 286, ...
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, FDG PET...
- Experimental DermatologyVolume 28, Issue 9Pages:...
- Understanding Connection Between Poverty, Child...
- Surveillance efficiency evaluation of air qualit...
- Opioid Prescribing Can Be Reduced in Oral and Ma...
- Exploring How Pediatric Residents Develop Adapti...
- Perceptions of Sexual Harassment in Oral and Max...
- Comparative Efficacy of 35% Glycolic Acid Peel A...
- The impact of a complex consulting process with ...
- Oropharyngeal recovery in a patient with the phar...
- Platelet-rich plasma protocols can potentiate vas...
- Relationship between Obesity and Balance in the ...
- Dabigatran for catastrophic antiphospholipid syn...
- Recovery of left ventricular twist and left vent...
- Don't Panic, Scientists Haven't Shown C-Section...
- USDA food safety leaders By Dan Flynn on Aug 29,...
- cGMP Signaling and Modulation in Heart FailureCy...
- SAGE Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine hu...
- A clinical comparative study of four interocclus...
- Global vascular guidelines on the management of ...
- Wound Repair and RegenerationEarly View Online...
- The ellipselet transformZahra Khodabandeh, Hosse...
- Public Health Law News Announcements...
- Determining the Association Between End-of-Life ...
- Incidence and risk factors of postoperative deli...
- Prognostic predictions based on pathological fin...
- Public Health Policies on E-Cigarettes Abstract ...
- Comparison of drug-eluting balloon with repeat d...
- What will surgical coronary revascularization lo...
- Anaesthetic considerations in nonagenarians and ...
- The statement of the Asia-Pacific Association fo...
- Duration of allergen immunotherapy for inhalant ...
- Transcranial Shear Wave Elastography of Neonatal...
- Effects of adjuvant mental practice using invers...
- Evidence-Based Use of Perioperative Antibiotic...
- Associations of awake and asleep blood pressure ...
- Diagnostic ‘nightmares’ in an HIV patient with a...
- Comparison of Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunos...
- Archives of Disease in Childhood
- Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is a nonathero...
- Cardiac MRI,
- Methods Used to Maximize Follow-up: Lessons Lear...
- Memories of Donald Dean Trunkey, Life-Saving Int...
- Building Blocks for Addressing Social Determin...
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Follow-up of ...
- Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences - Curre...
- Current Status and Future of Robotic Colorectal ...
- Daily Functioning in Schizophrenia: Is There Roo...
- Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: A SCIENTIFIC...
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Primary Open-angle G...
- Correcting a Deficiency: Furthering Our Knowledg...
- Immunosuppression and Graft Rejection in Living-...
- American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial O...
- The Pediatric Home Health Care Process: Perspe...
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (1143)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (744)
-
►
2017
(2)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (1)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (1)
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου