Treatable traits in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps Purpose of review Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex inflammatory sinonasal disease that deserves a multidisciplinary precision medicine approach. In a precision medicine model, a more pragmatic approach taking in consideration disease features that are potentially treatable should be considered. Recent findings Several treatable traits in CRSwNP can be identified: from disease-related ones, to extra-ENT features, to behavioral and environmental factors. This review article summarizes primarily the recent findings of CRSwNP-related treatable traits and how they can be modified by given treatments. Summary The advent of biological agents acting directly to the endotype underlying CRSwNP pushes the scientific community to integrate clinical, surgical and immunological evaluations for each single patient; this naturally leads to the identification of specific treatable traits that can serve as possible outcomes for any single biological. Correspondence to Enrico Heffler, Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4; 20089 - Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy. Tel: +39 0282247013; e-mail: heffler.enrico@gmail.com Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.