Risk factors for endothelial cell damage in diabetics after phacoemulsification Niruban Ganesan, Renuka Srinivasan, K Ramesh Babu, Muthukrishnan Vallinayagam Oman Journal of Ophthalmology 2019 12(2):94-98 Background: To assess the corneal endothelium, central corneal thickness and the factors associated with endothelial cell damage after phacoemulsification in diabetics in comparison with non-diabetics Methods: It was a case control study with 80 eyes each in the diabetic group and the control group. Intraoperative mydriasis, effective phaco time (EPT) and postoperative inflammation were measured. Preoperative, 1st week, 6th week and 3rd month postoperative endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), hexagonality and central corneal thickness (CCT) were also measured using Konan noncon robo specular microscope (Model - NSP 9900). Results: In the control group, patients in the age group of 60-69 years were 3.8 times more at risk of ECL compared to patients in the age group of 50-59 years. Patients in whom EPT was ≥0.50 min, were 8.8 times more at risk of ECL when compared to patients in whom EPT <0.25 min. In the diabetic group, patients who had an inflammatory score of 1+ in the first postoperative week; also had 5.7 times more risk of ECL when compared to patients in whom the inflammatory score was 0.5+ in the first postoperative week. There was a significant increase in CV (p-0.03) and CCT (p-0.03), significant decrease in the hexagonality (p-0.01) and no statistically significant difference in the endothelial cell loss (ECL) (p-0.34) in diabetics after phacoemulsification when compared to controls. Conclusion: The present study reveals postoperative inflammation as a risk factor for ECL in diabetics and not intraoperative mydriasis and EPT.