Cryoablation of renal cell carcinoma for patients with stage 4 or 5 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease Abstract Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of cryoablation for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients with stage 4 or 5 non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and methods This retrospective multicenter study included patients with maximum tumor diameter ≤ 4 cm, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2, in whom cryoablation was performed percutaneously with curative intent between July 2011 and May 2016. Results Of 541 patients who underwent renal tumor cryoablation, 17 (3.1%; 4 women, 13 men; mean age 70.1 ± 10.6 years) with stage 4 or 5 non-dialysis CKD were included in this study. The pre-cryoablation eGFR was 22.5 ± 6.3 ml/min/1.73 m2. The mean tumor diameter was 2.8 ± 0.7 cm. No Grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred post-cryoablation. The eGFR at each time point was significantly lower than that before treatment. One patient required hemodialysis initiation at 21 months post-procedure. None of the patients showed residual RCC at their last follow-up. Conclusion Cryoablation of RCC is safe in patients with stage 4 or 5 non-dialysis CKD and yields treatment results comparable to those in patients without CKD. This treatment could be completed without the early initiation of hemodialysis after the procedure.