Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης

Matters of life and death: Change beyond planetary homeostasis

Abstract Physiology is the “science of life” and, as physiologists, we are interested in the function and survival of diverse lifeforms including humans. The Physiological Society's recent “Extreme Environmental Physiology” meeting addressed the impact of the external environment on human physiology – fascinating papers from this event will appear in Experimental Physiology in the coming weeks. But at the meeting we also “flipped the ecological coin” to discuss the impact of humans on the environment....

Hydrogen inhalation attenuated bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF‐β1 and relevant oxidative stress and EMT

Wed Sep 18, 2019 19:24

New Findings •What is the central question of this study? The aim was to explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of H2 on bleomycin (BLM)‐induced pulmonary fibrosis. •What are the main findings and its importance? Our results indicate that, in BLM‐induced pulmonary fibrosis, H2 inhalation could attenuate oxidative stress and reversed the formation of pulmonary EMT process by reducing ROS production and inhibiting the expression of TGF‐β1, α‐SMA and collagen I to improve fibrotic injury...

Chronic type 2 but not type 1 diabetes impairs myocardial ischaemic tolerance and preconditioning in C57Bl/6 mice

Wed Sep 18, 2019 21:41

New Findings •What is the central question of this study? Influences of types 1 and 2 diabetes on myocardial ischaemic tolerance and cardioprotection are contentious. Opposing outcomes across models may reflect importance of disease duration and onset age. Chronic adult onset diabetes was modelled non‐genetically in C57Bl/6 mice to assess impacts on cardiac ischaemic outcomes and preconditioning. •What is the main finding and its importance? The primary finding is that chronic adult‐onset...

Ear and Hearing - Published Ahead-of-Print

Thu Sep 19, 2019 17:28

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Recommendations for Measuring the Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential in Children With Cochlear Nerve Deficiency

Objectives: This study reports a method for measuring the electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) in children with cochlear nerve deficiency (CND). Design: This method was developed based on experience with 50 children with CND who were Cochlear Nucleus cochlear implant users. Results: This method includes three recommended steps conducted with recommended stimulating and recording parameters: initial screen, pulse phase duration optimization, and eCAP threshold determination...

Ear and Hearing - Published Ahead-of-Print

Fri Sep 13, 2019 03:00

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Medical Mycology Case Reports

Point mutations in the squalene epoxidase gene of Indian ITS genotype VIII T. mentagrophytes identified after DNA isolation from infected scales

Publication date: Available online 18 September 2019Source: Medical Mycology Case ReportsAuthor(s): Anke Burmester, Uta-Christina Hipler, Reka Hensche, Peter Elsner, Cornelia WiegandAbstractTerbinafine resistant Indian ITS genotype VIII T. mentagrophytes strain was identified by partial sequencing of the squalene epoxidase gene using DNA isolated from infected scales. This method allowed the rapid identification of single point mutations within the squalene epoxidase gene, even before a fungal culture...

Medical Mycology Case Reports

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:02

First case report of Talaromyces marneffei infection in HIV-infected patient in the city of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Publication date: Available online 18 September 2019Source: Medical Mycology Case ReportsAuthor(s): Kiswendsida Thierry Guiguemde, Patindoilba Marcel Sawadogo, Adama Zida, Mamadou Cisse, Ibrahim Sangare, Sanata BambaAbstractTalaromycosis is endemic in Southeast Asia and is commonly described in HIV-infected patients. We describe the first case of Talaromycosis in HIV-infected patient in Burkina Faso. This is an 83-year-old man with skin lesions on the right foot. The thick scales were used for the...

Medical Mycology Case Reports

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:02

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ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Proteomics

Plasma membrane proteome analyses of Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells during cold or ABA treatment: Relationship with freezing tolerance and growth phase

Publication date: Available online 18 September 2019Source: Journal of ProteomicsAuthor(s): Bin Li, Daisuke Takahashi, Yukio Kawamura, Matsuo UemuraAbstractCold acclimation (CA) and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments affected freezing tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana suspension-cultured cells: cells at the lag and log phases increased their freezing tolerance but cells at the stationery phase rather decreased after the treatments. To further characterize the differential responses of the cells to these...

ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Proteomics

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:03

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Trait mindfulness and the Effort-Reward Imbalance workplace stress model: Higher trait mindfulness is associated with increased salivary immunoglobulin A

Publication date: Available online 18 September 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Rachael A. Heckenberg, Matthew W. Hale, Stephen Kent, Bradley J. WrightAbstractIndividuals who are high in trait mindfulness are less stressed at work, better adjusted, and healthier than individuals who are low in this trait [[1], [2], [3]]. To date, trait mindfulness has not been considered within current, empirically supported, workplace stress models. Therefore, the present study explored if trait...

Effects of Negative Mood State on Event-Related Potentials of Restrained Eating Subgroups During an Inhibitory Control Task

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:10

Publication date: Available online 18 September 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Yong Liu, Lulu Zhang, Todd Jackson, Jianmei Wang, Runlan Yang, Hong ChenAbstractNegative mood states are hypothesized to increase the risk for overeating among restrained eaters. However, neurophysiological features of inhibitory control during negative mood states among restrained eaters are poorly understood. To address this gap, we aimed to assess event related potentials (ERPs) associated with food-specific...

Creatine transporter knockout mice (Slc6a8) show increases in serotonin-related proteins and are resilient to learned helplessness

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:10

Publication date: Available online 19 September 2019Source: Behavioural Brain ResearchAuthor(s): Zuhair I. Abdulla, Jordan L. Pennington, Arnold Gutierrez, Matthew R. SkeltonAbstractApproximately 20% of adults in the U.S. will experience an affective disorder during their life. While it is well established that serotonin (5-HT) is a crucial factor in mood, impaired cellular bioenergetics are also implicated. Creatine (Cr), through the Cr/Phospho-Cr (PCr) shuttle, maintains high ATP concentrations...

The Journal of Physiology

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:10

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The organization of the sympathetic nervous system: shining new light on historic views

The Journal of Physiology

Wed Sep 18, 2019 20:42

Phase of sensorimotor μ‐oscillation modulates cortical responses to TMS of the human motor cortex

Key points •Oscillatory brain activity coordinates the response of cortical neurons to synaptic inputs in a phase‐dependent manner. •Larger motor evoked responses are obtained in a hand muscle when transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is synchronized to the phase of the sensorimotor μ‐rhythm. •In this study we further showed that TMS applied at the negative vs. positive peak of the μ‐rhythm is associated with higher absolute amplitude of the evoked EEG potential at 100 ms after stimulation....

The Journal of Physiology

Thu Sep 19, 2019 11:46

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Prospective role of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in mediating GMG-ITC to reduce cytotoxicity in H2O2-induced oxidative stress in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells

Publication date: November 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 119Author(s): Mohammed Sani Jaafaru, Norshariza Nordin, Rozita Rosli, Khozirah Shaari, Hauwa’u Yakubu Bako, Noramaliza Mohd Noor, Ahmad Faizal Abdull RazisAbstractThe antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of Glucomoringin isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC) have been reported in in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, its neuroprotective role via mitochondrial-dependent pathway in a noxious environment...

Review of antidepressants in clinic and active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine targeting 5-HT1A receptors

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:19

Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Le Wang, Yanming Zhang, Xia Du, Teng Ding, Weiling Gong, Feng LiuAbstractSerotonin, which also named as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a neurotransmitter, which plays significant roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. Depression is a complex disease that involves numerous factors, increasing evidences have showed that the level of 5-HT was lower in depressed patients and the...

Suppression of miR-451a accelerates osteogenic differentiation and inhibits bone loss via Bmp6 signaling during osteoporosis

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:19

Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Xiang-Dong Lu, Wen-Xing Han, Yan-Xiong LiuAbstractBone homeostasis is known as a dynamic balance, including bone formation through osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. MicroRNAs (miRs) play a critical role in regulating bone formation and homeostasis. In the study, the effects of miR-451a on bone homeostasis were investigated. The results indicated that the primary osteoblasts and mesenchymal...

AP2γ mediated downregulation of lncRNA LINC00511 as a ceRNA suppresses trophoblast invasion by regulating miR-29b-3p/Cyr61 axis

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:19

Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Xiaozhen Quan, Meng Zhao, Xuezhou Yang, Yan Zhu, Xiaolong TianAbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNA LINC00511 has been identified to be aberrant expression and may as a tumor oncogene in various carcinomas. However, the potential role of LINC00511 in the onset of Preeclampsia (PE) pathogenesis remains unexplored.MethodsPlacental tissues from patients with PE were collected to detect expression levels of...

Network pharmacology-based identification of the key mechanism of Qinghuo Rougan Formula acting on uveitis

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:19

Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Changying Jing, Zhuolun Sun, Xiaofeng Xie, Xiuyan Zhang, Shanshan Wu, Keying Guo, Hongsheng BiAbstractBackgroundQinghuo Rougan Formula (QHRGF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been widely apllied to treat uveitis for several decades. However, the inhibitory mechanism of QHRGF in uveitis has remained to be an enigma.MethodsThe Chinese herbal medicine pharmacology data and analysis platform...

Long non-coding RNA 00152 slicing represses the growth and aggressiveness of hemangioma cell by modulating miR-139-5p

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:19

Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Song Jiang Wang, Yi Jing Li, Biao Gao, Xiang Lei Li, Yi Ting Li, Hong Yun HeAbstractLong non-coding RNA (lncRNA) linc00152 has been recognized as an oncogenic lncRNA in various cancers. This study attempts to investigate the roles of linc00152 in the metastasis-related traits of infantile hemangioma (IH). Linc00152 was overexpressed in the proliferating-phase hemangioma tissues when compared with that in...

U. diffracta extract mitigates high fat diet and VD3-induced atherosclerosis and biochemical changes in the serum liver and aorta of rats

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:19

Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Xiaoqin Zhao, Jiali Zhu, Liwen Wang, Yongbiao Li, Tingting Zhao, Xiu Chen, Yong Sun, Yaolan Dai, Guihua Wei, Alvin Altamirano, Tiane Zhang, Zhiyong YanAbstractBackground and aimsUsnea diﬀ ;racta Vain. (U. diffracta) belonging to the Usnea genus, is widely used as a folk medicine for the treatment of ulcer, abdominal pain, diarrhea, malaria and so on. However, the antiatherogenic effect of U. diffracta has...

Downregulation of CircRNA CDR1as specifically triggered low-dose Diosbulbin-B induced gastric cancer cell death by regulating miR-7-5p/REGγ axis

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:19

Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Chunfeng Li, Man Li, Yingwei XueAbstractDiosbulbin-B (DB) was the main compound of Dioscorea bulbifera L, which was widely used for cancer treatment in Asia. However, the hepatotoxicity induced by high-dose DB seriously limited its possibility using for gastric cancer (GC) treatment in clinic. In this study, we found that DB inhibited GC cells and hepatocytes cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent...

The administration of dexmedetomidine changes microRNA expression profiling of rat hearts

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:19

Publication date: December 2019Source: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 120Author(s): Lingyan Wang, Shumiao Tang, Zhuoran Wang, Hongmei Chen, Shiva Sunder Rajcha, Jinqiao QianAbstractBackgroundDexmedetomidine is widely used for perioperative and ICU patients. microRNAs (miRNAs) function as regulators of gene expression. The aim of the study was to assay expression profiling of microRNA in rat hearts following administration of dexmedetomidine.MethodsIn this study 6 rats were randomly divided...

Thu Sep 19, 2019 18:19

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Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1399: Matched Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) and Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) of Tumor Tissue with Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Analysis: Complementary Modalities in Clinical Practice Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11091399 Authors: Robin Imperial Marjan Nazer Zaheer Ahmed Audrey E. Kam Timothy J. Pluard Waled Bahaj Mia Levy Timothy M. Kuzel Dana M. Hayden Sam G. Pappas Janakiraman Subramanian Ashiq Masood Tumor heterogeneity, especially...

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1396: Dendritic Cell-Based and Other Vaccination Strategies for Pediatric Cancer

Thu Sep 19, 2019 03:00

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1396: Dendritic Cell-Based and Other Vaccination Strategies for Pediatric Cancer Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11091396 Authors: Sévérine de Bruijn Sébastien Anguille Joris Verlooy Evelien L. Smits Viggo F. van Tendeloo Maxime de Laere Koenraad Norga Zwi N. Berneman Eva Lion Dendritic cell-based and other vaccination strategies that use the patient’s own immune system for the treatment of cancer are gaining momentum. Most studies...

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1398: CD8+ and Regulatory T cells Differentiate Tumor Immune Phenotypes and Predict Survival in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer

Thu Sep 19, 2019 03:00

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1398: CD8+ and Regulatory T cells Differentiate Tumor Immune Phenotypes and Predict Survival in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11091398 Authors: Alessia Echarti Markus Hecht Maike Büttner-Herold Marlen Haderlein Arndt Hartmann Rainer Fietkau Luitpold Distel Background: The tumor immune status “inflamed”, “immune excluded”, and “desert” might serve as...

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1397: γ-H2AX Foci Persistence at Chromosome Break Suggests Slow and Faithful Repair Phases Restoring Chromosome Integrity

Thu Sep 19, 2019 03:00

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1397: γ-H2AX Foci Persistence at Chromosome Break Suggests Slow and Faithful Repair Phases Restoring Chromosome Integrity Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11091397 Authors: Michelle Ricoul Tamizh Selvan Gnana Sekaran Patricia Brochard Cecile Herate Laure Sabatier Many toxic agents can cause DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which are in most cases quickly repaired by the cellular machinery. Using ionising radiation, we explored the kinetics of DNA lesion...

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1400: Blockade of PD-L1 Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy by Regulating Dendritic Cell Maturation and Macrophage Polarization

Thu Sep 19, 2019 03:00

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1400: Blockade of PD-L1 Enhances Cancer Immunotherapy by Regulating Dendritic Cell Maturation and Macrophage Polarization Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11091400 Authors: Nai-Yun Sun Yu-Li Chen Wen-Yih Wu Han-Wei Lin Ying-Cheng Chiang Chi-Fang Chang Yi-Jou Tai Heng-Cheng Hsu Chi-An Chen Wei-Zen Sun Wen-Fang Cheng The immuno-inhibitory checkpoint PD-L1, regulated by tumor cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), dampened the activation...

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1401: Prognostic and Predictive Implications of PTEN in Breast Cancer: Unfulfilled Promises but Intriguing Perspectives

Thu Sep 19, 2019 03:00

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1401: Prognostic and Predictive Implications of PTEN in Breast Cancer: Unfulfilled Promises but Intriguing Perspectives Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11091401 Authors: Luisa Carbognin Federica Miglietta Ida Paris Maria Vittoria Dieci The characterization of tumor biology and consequently the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers represent key issues for the translational research in breast cancer (BC). Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted...

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1402: Hyperglycemia Associated Metabolic and Molecular Alterations in Cancer Risk, Progression, Treatment, and Mortality

Thu Sep 19, 2019 03:00

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1402: Hyperglycemia Associated Metabolic and Molecular Alterations in Cancer Risk, Progression, Treatment, and Mortality Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11091402 Authors: Ramteke Deb Shepal Bhat Cancer and diabetes are amongst the leading causes of deaths worldwide. There is an alarming rise in cancer incidences and mortality, with approximately 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths in 2018. A major contributory but neglected factor for risk of...

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1403: Hypoxia Downregulates LPP3 and Promotes the Spatial Segregation of ATX and LPP1 During Cancer Cell Invasion

Thu Sep 19, 2019 03:00

Cancers, Vol. 11, Pages 1403: Hypoxia Downregulates LPP3 and Promotes the Spatial Segregation of ATX and LPP1 During Cancer Cell Invasion Cancers doi: 10.3390/cancers11091403 Authors: Harper Brochu-Gaudreau Saucier Dubois Hypoxia is a common characteristic of advanced solid tumors and a potent driver of tumor invasion and metastasis. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of autotaxin (ATX) and lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs) in cancer cell invasion promoted by...