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Κυριακή 23 Ιουνίου 2019

Evolutionary Biology


Maternal stress promotes offspring growth without oxidative costs in wild red squirrels [NEW RESULTS]
Elevations in glucocorticoid levels (GCs) in breeding females (often called maternal stress) may induce adaptive shifts in offspring life histories. Offspring produced by mothers with elevated GCs may be better prepared to face harsh environments where a faster pace of life is beneficial. We examined how experimentally elevated GCs in pregnant or lactating North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) affected offspring growth in body mass, structural (skeletal) size, oxidative stress levels...
bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology
7h
Human reproductive system microbiomes exhibited significantly different heterogeneity scaling with gut microbiome, but the intra-system scaling is invariant [NEW RESULTS]
Maintaining sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world is still one of the major mysteries of biology given the apparently high efficiency of asexual reproduction. Co-evolutionary theories such as the Red Queen hypothesis would suggest that the microbiomes in human reproductive systems, specifically the microbiomes contained in semen and vaginal fluids, should reach some level of homogeneity thanks to arguably the most conspicuous microbiome transmission between two sexes. The long-term sexual...
bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology
8h
Deep data mining reveals variable abundance and distribution of microbial reproductive manipulators within and among diverse host species [NEW RESULTS]
Bacterial symbionts that manipulate the reproduction of their hosts to increase their successful transmission are important factors in invertebrate ecology and evolution. In light of their use as a biological control agent, studying the genomic and phenotypic diversity of reproductive manipulators can improve efforts to control infectious diseases and contribute to our understanding of host-symbiont evolution. Despite the vast genomic and phenotypic diversity of reproductive manipulators, only a...
bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology
17h
Sustained Co-evolution in a Stochastic Model of the Cancer-Immune Interaction [NEW RESULTS]
The dynamical interaction between a growing cancer population and the adaptive immune system generates diverse evolutionary trajectories which ultimately result in tumor clearance or immune escape. Here, we create a simple mathematical model coupling T-cell recognition with an evolving cancer population which may randomly produce evasive subclones, imparting transient protection against the effector T-cells. We demonstrate that T-cell turnover declines and evasion rates together explain differential...
bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology
18h
Insights from a general, full-likelihood Bayesian approach to inferring shared evolutionary events from genomic data: Inferring shared demographic events is challenging [NEW RESULTS]
Many biotic and abiotic factors that influence the distribution, abundance, and diversification of species can simultaneously affect multiple evolutionary lineages within or across communities. These include environmental changes and inter-specific ecological interactions that cause ranges of multiple, co-distributed species to contract, expand, or become fragmented. Such processes predict temporally clustered patterns of evolutionary events across species, such as synchronous population divergences...
bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology
1d
Distinguishing coalescent models - which statistics matter most? [NEW RESULTS]
Modelling genetic diversity needs an underlying genealogy model. To choose a fitting model based on genetic data, one can perform model selection between classes of genealogical trees, e.g. Kingman's coalescent with exponential growth or multiple merger coalescents. Such selection can be based on many different statistics measuring genetic diversity. We use a random forest based Approximate Bayesian Computation to disentangle the effects of different statistics on distinguishing between various classes...
bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology
1d
How to maintain a high virulence: evolution of a killer in hosts of various susceptibilities [NEW RESULTS]
Pathogens should evolve to avirulence. However, while baculoviruses can be transmitted through direct contact, their main route of infection goes through the death and liquefaction of their caterpillar hosts and highly virulent strains still seem to be advantaged through infection cycles. Furthermore, one of them, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, is so generalist that it can infect more than 100 different hosts. To understand and characterize the evolutionary potential of...
bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology
1d
Antagonistic coevolution between hosts and sexually transmitted infections [NEW RESULTS]
AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are predicted to play an important role in the evolution of host mating strategies, and vice versa, yet our understanding of host-STI coevolution is limited. Here, I present a model of acute STI infection in populations with ephemeral mating dynamics, where hosts evolve their preference for healthy mates and STIs evolve mortality or sterility virulence. Mate choice readily evolves even though ephemeral mating and acute infections reduce...
bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology
1d
Sex-biased gene expression is repeatedly masculinized in asexual females [NEW RESULTS]
Males and females feature strikingly different phenotypes, despite sharing most of their genome. A resolution of this apparent paradox is through differential gene expression, whereby genes are expressed at different levels in each sex. This resolution, however, is likely to be incomplete, leading to conflict between males and females over the optimal expression of genes. We test the hypothesis that gene expression in females is constrained from evolving to its optimum level due to sexually antagonistic...
bioRxiv Subject Collection: Evolutionary Biology
1d

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