Creation and validation of three‐dimensional printed models for basic nasal endoscopic training
Chen Zhuo MD Lyu Lei PhD Zhao Yulin MD Liu Wentao PhD Wu Shuangxia MD Wang Chao PhD Zhang Yaqian MD Huang Shuman MD Dong Dong MD
First published: 12 February 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22306
C.Z., L.L., and Z.Y. contributed equally to this work.
Funding sources for the study: Youth Fund Program of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University of China (20151104).
Potential conflict of interest: None provided.
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Abstract
Background
Three‐dimensional (3D) printed models have been shown to be promising in surgical training in rhinology. The objectives of this study were to develop a set of 3D‐printed models including the pediatric and adult nasal cavity, and the postsurgical paranasal sinuses, and to assess the face and content validity in endoscopic training.
Methods
The computed tomography (CT) data of a pediatric patient without nasal disorders and an adult patient with nasal septal deviation were selected to produce the models of the pediatric and adult nasal cavity, and the CT data of an adult patient who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery 4 months ago was chosen to create the paranasal sinus model. After the models were printed by our desktop‐level 3D printer, 5 rhinologists used the 5‐point Likert scales to evaluate the fidelity and utility. Additionally, a group of prespecified tasks were completed by the rhinologists and 5 residents respectively for supplementary content validation. The difference of time used in completing each task was analyzed by Mann‐Whitney U test.
Results
All the models were prototyped in 24 hours, and the total cost for each model was less than 100 CNY (15 USD). The overall scores for fidelity and usefulness in endoscopic training were above 4.0. The experts accomplished all tasks using significantly less time than the residents (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The models of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses made by our desktop‐level 3D printer are high‐fidelity, low‐cost, and useful in training basic endoscopic skills.
Chen Zhuo MD Lyu Lei PhD Zhao Yulin MD Liu Wentao PhD Wu Shuangxia MD Wang Chao PhD Zhang Yaqian MD Huang Shuman MD Dong Dong MD
First published: 12 February 2019 https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22306
C.Z., L.L., and Z.Y. contributed equally to this work.
Funding sources for the study: Youth Fund Program of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University of China (20151104).
Potential conflict of interest: None provided.
Read the full text
ePDFPDFTOOLS SHARE
Abstract
Background
Three‐dimensional (3D) printed models have been shown to be promising in surgical training in rhinology. The objectives of this study were to develop a set of 3D‐printed models including the pediatric and adult nasal cavity, and the postsurgical paranasal sinuses, and to assess the face and content validity in endoscopic training.
Methods
The computed tomography (CT) data of a pediatric patient without nasal disorders and an adult patient with nasal septal deviation were selected to produce the models of the pediatric and adult nasal cavity, and the CT data of an adult patient who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery 4 months ago was chosen to create the paranasal sinus model. After the models were printed by our desktop‐level 3D printer, 5 rhinologists used the 5‐point Likert scales to evaluate the fidelity and utility. Additionally, a group of prespecified tasks were completed by the rhinologists and 5 residents respectively for supplementary content validation. The difference of time used in completing each task was analyzed by Mann‐Whitney U test.
Results
All the models were prototyped in 24 hours, and the total cost for each model was less than 100 CNY (15 USD). The overall scores for fidelity and usefulness in endoscopic training were above 4.0. The experts accomplished all tasks using significantly less time than the residents (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The models of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses made by our desktop‐level 3D printer are high‐fidelity, low‐cost, and useful in training basic endoscopic skills.
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