Abstract Purpose of Review In December 2019, outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected pneumonia patients were discovered in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. With the spread of the epidemic, new cases have been found in other regions of China and abroad. This review summarizes the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission pathways, high-risk factors, diagnostic points,...
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Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 22, 2020 10:00
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 22, 2020 13:42
Stem Cells and Development, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 22, 2020 10:00
Despite the success of antibiotic discovery, infectious diseases remain the second leading source of death worldwide, while the resistance to antibiotics is among the significant problems in the twenty-first century. Medicinal plants are very rich in phytochemicals which can be structurally optimized and processed into new drugs. Nigeria enjoys a diverse collection of medicinal plants, and joint research has ascertained the efficacy of these plants. Plants such as guava (Psidium guajava), ginger...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 17:20
Journal of Neurotrauma, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 22, 2020 10:00
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an aerosol box on tracheal intubation difficulty. Eighteen experienced anesthetists intubated the trachea of a manikin with a normal airway 6 times using a direct laryngoscope, a McGRATH™ MAC videolaryngoscope, or an airway scope AWS-S200NK videolaryngoscope with or without an aerosol box. Although the aerosol box prolonged the time to successful intubation and decreased the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score...
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Chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP) is a global health concern. Nasal nitric oxide (nNO), a clinical biomarker, have been studied to assess the presence of airway mucosal inflammation. This study aimed...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
Abstract The objective was to explore the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy for treating patients who suffer xerostomia and/or hyposalivation due to the most prevalent clinical diagnoses. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library for randomised or clinical controlled trials published until 31 October 2019. Risk of bias assessment and meta‐analysis were conducted using the Cochrane tools. A total of 274 records were retrieved and 11 met the inclusion criteria....
Tue Sep 22, 2020 15:45
The data presented herein represents the simulated datasets of a recently conducted larger study which investigated the behaviour of Bayesian indices of significance and effect size as alternatives to traditio...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
Abstract Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is a rare condition in children. There are currently no internationally accepted protocols in the management of these patients. We present a case of a 9 month old child that presented to our Department with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Included is the management of the clinical condition and a brief literature review. Early identification, a high index of suspicion and prompt treatment is required to achieve a good clinical outcome.
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Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. BackgroundThe roles of inflammation and hypercoagulation in predicting outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are unclear.MethodsAdult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from 28 January 2020 to 4 March 2020 in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan were recruited. Data on related parameters were collected. Univariate analysis and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to explore predictors of critical illness and mortality.ResultsIn...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 06:33
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectiveTo explore the potential of the transcription factor LMX1B and downstream gankyrin as prognostic biomarkers of glioma.MethodsThe expression levels of gankyrin and LMX1B were detected in 52 normal brain specimens and 339 glioma specimens. Correlations of gankyrin and LMX1B expression levels with pathological stages and clinical characteristics were statistically analyzed. Furthermore, the binding of LMX1B to the...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 06:37
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. A 38-year-old healthy man presented to our department of ophthalmology after sustaining an ocular injury in a glass explosion more than 10 days prior. A glass intraocular foreign body (IOFB) was found in the left eye. During surgical removal of the IOFB, medical sodium hyaluronate gel was used to detach the IOFB from the retina; this avoided damage to the retina and made it easier for the surgeons to grasp the glass fragment....
Tue Sep 22, 2020 06:41
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectiveThe pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 (inv9) is one of the most common structural balanced chromosomal variations, and it is considered to be a normal population variant. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the clinical impact of patients with inv9.MethodsWe studied the karyotypes from 4853 patients at a single center and retrospectively reviewed their clinical data.ResultsThere were 67 inv9 patients...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 11:04
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectivesThe aetiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is multifactorial, sometimes genetic, and may be associated with abnormal immunological responses to peptides from proteins such as gluten. These peptides may cross the blood-brain barrier and affect neurotransmission, resulting in behavioural symptoms consistent with ASD. The aim of this study was to screen for markers of gluten-related immune reactivity in the...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 12:27
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectiveTo investigate whether intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has a significant advantage in reducing the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury.MethodsPatients who underwent thyroid and parathyroid surgery from October 2012 to December 2017 at the Center for Thyroid and Breast Surgery of Xuanwu Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into the IONM group and visualization alone group...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 13:45
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate hub genes and their prognostic value in colon cancer via bioinformatics analysis.MethodsDifferentially expressed genes (DEGs) of expression profiles (GSE33113, GSE20916, and GSE37364) obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were identified using the GEO2R tool and Venn diagram software. Function and pathway enrichment analyses were performed, and a protein–protein interaction...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 13:48
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of ab interno trabeculotomy using the VISCO360® Viscosurgical System (Sight Sciences, Inc., Menlo Park, CA, USA) combined with cataract extraction in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsPatients with POAG who underwent ab interno trabeculotomy combined with cataract extraction were retrospectively analyzed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 13:50
Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of ranibizumab plus fufang xueshuantong capsule (cFXST) with the efficacy of ranibizumab alone in treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, controlled, pilot study included 38 eyes from 38 patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that were randomly allocated into two cohorts of 19 eyes each: ranibizumab (Cr) and ranibizumab...
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Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectiveCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a wide range of severity, ranging from an asymptomatic presentation to a severe illness requiring intensive care unit admission. Identification of a strategy to manage the severity of this disease will not only help to reduce its case fatality but also help to remove some of the burden from the already overwhelmed health care systems. While successful management of symptoms...
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Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectiveTo study the effects of saikosaponin D (SSD) on proliferation and apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, and to explore underlying mechanisms.MethodsFollowing treatment with saikosaponin D, A549 and H1299 cells were assessed for anti-proliferation effects using cell cycle kit-8 assays, changes in nuclear morphology using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and cell apoptosis using...
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Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the clinical value of a decrease in hemoglobin concentration (HC) after the onset of sepsis for predicting occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants with late-onset sepsis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study between January 2015 and January 2020. Premature neonates (gestational age <37 weeks) with late-onset sepsis (age >3 days) were enrolled....
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Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. Cases of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma are mostly adenocarcinomas and extrahepatic bile duct squamous cell carcinomas are rare. We report here a case of choledochal squamous cell carcinoma in a young woman who underwent surgery and chemotherapy. The woman presented with abdominal discomfort. A physical examination showed tenderness in the upper abdomen. Laboratory tests showed elevated direct bilirubin, total bilirubin,...
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Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectiveThe clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as adjuvant therapy in patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of meniscal injury remains controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PRP in the treatment of meniscal injury and provide evidence for the selection of clinical treatment options.MethodsA computer-based search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases...
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Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectiveThis study was performed to identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage (AL) and combine these factors to create a prediction model for the risk of AL after laparoscopic rectal cancer resection.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 185 patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic resection from March 2012 to February 2017. Five risk factors were analyzed by multivariate analysis. A prediction model...
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Journal of International Medical Research, Volume 48, Issue 9, September 2020. ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the solute carrier family 6 member 4 (SLC6A4) gene L/S polymorphism and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).MethodsThe relevant literature was retrieved from the PubMed® database and the data were extracted. STATA® version 12.0 software was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsEight case–control studies qualified for inclusion...
08:15
Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 22, 2020 10:00
Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 22, 2020 10:00
One hypothesis for the function of sleep is that it serves as a mechanism to conserve energy. Recent studies have suggested that increased sleep can be an adaptive mechanism to improve survival under food depr...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
Background The aim of this study was to measure the morphology of interdental papillae (IP) in maxillary anterior teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods Twenty-seven periodontally healthy subjects with 135 IP were evaluated by means of periodontal examination and a CBCT scan with an elastomeric matrix containing radiopaque material in position. According to the status of tooth contact and presence...
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Aim The evolutionary forces that gave rise to the exceptional plant species richness of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) have also likely played a role at the intraspecific level (i.e. plant populations)—and thereby generating shared phylogeographic patterns among taxa. Here we test whether plant populations in the CFR exhibit phylogeographic breaks across the boundaries between Centres of Endemism (CoEs). The boundaries between CoEs (derived from the distribution ranges of endemic taxa and currently...
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Background Various perceptions and practices have been associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we assessed the perception and practices regarding COVID-19 among residents in selected urban communities of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design using a multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 360 respondents (Mean age: 33.2 ± 10.6 years; 62.5% females) from households in Ibadan. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered...
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Current Anthropology, Ahead of Print.
Tue Sep 22, 2020 07:14
Abstract When costal graft is contraindicated or refused by the patient, autologous total/subtotal auricular reconstruction represent a real challenge as limited surgical options has been described. Aim of present report is to offer a novel possible autologous reconstruction of the ear frame using a chimeric free medial femoral condyle (MFC) flap. We present a case of a 29 years old patient who had total loss of the upper 2/3 of the right ear after bombing in Somalia and secondary infected condritis...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 15:22
Abstract Significant evolution has been made concerning resuscitation and emergency management of severely burned patients, and nowadays most patients will survive and deal with burns sequelae. They constitute a reconstructive challenge, mainly because options and donor areas are frequently compromised, results are often limited, and other options should then be considered. A 27‐year‐old male patient with 55% total burn surface area, presented with severe facial disfigurement including ectropion,...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 20:51
Abstract Peroneal nerve palsy with resultant foot drop has significant impacts on gait and quality of life. Traditional management includes ankle‐foot‐orthosis, tendon transfer, and arthrodesis—each with certain disadvantages. While nerve transfers for peroneal nerve injury have been reported in adults, with variable results, they have not been described in the pediatric population. We report the use of partial tibial nerve transfer for foot drop from deep peroneal nerve palsy in three pediatric...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 22:35
Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate potential patient or polysomnogram (PSG) characteristics that can help determine who might benefit from bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP) in the treatment of uncomplicated OSA. Study design This was a single center, retrospective, observational study in which 19 patients who met our...
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Background: The emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated with severe acute respiratory disease (COVID-19) has prompted efforts to understand the genetic basis for its unique characteristics and its jump from non-primate hosts to humans. Tests for positive selection can identify apparently nonrandom patterns of mutation accumulation within genomes, highlighting regions where molecular function may have changed during the origin of a species. Several recent studies of the SARS-CoV-2...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
Independent origins of sociality in bees and ants are associated with independent expansions of particular odorant receptor (OR) gene subfamilies. In ants, one clade within the OR gene family, the 9-exon subfamily, has dramatically expanded. These receptors detect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs), key social signaling molecules in insects. It is unclear to what extent 9-exon OR subfamily expansion is associated with the independent evolution of sociality across Hymenoptera, warranting studies of taxa...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
Europe is the historical cradle of viticulture, but grapevines have been increasingly threatened by pathogens of American origin. The invasive oomycete Plasmopara viticola causes downy mildew, one of the most devastating grapevine diseases worldwide. Despite major economic consequences, its invasion history remains poorly understood. Comprehensive population genetic analyses of ~2000 samples from the most important wine-producing countries revealed very low genetic diversity in invasive downy mildew...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
Infiltration of the endothelial layer of the blood-brain barrier by leukocytes plays a critical role in health and disease. When passing through the endothelial layer during the diapedesis process lymphocytes can either follow a para-cellular route or a transcellular one. There is a debate whether these two processes constitute one mechanism, or they form two evolutionary distinct migration pathways. We used phylogenetic analysis, HH search, ancestor sequence reconstruction together with functional...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
GxGxE interactions and adaptive potential of the microbiome in Drosophila melanogaster [NEW RESULTS]
The microbiome may serve as a reservoir of adaptive potential if hosts can leverage microbial adaptations in stressful environments. However, the facilitation of rapid host adaptation may be limited by interactions between host genotype, microbiome, and environment (GH x GM x E). Here, to understand how host x microbiome x environment interactions shape adaptation, we leverage >150 generations of experimental evolution in Drosophila melanogaster in a stressful environment, high sugar (HS) diet....
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
Insects use sex pheromones as a reproductive isolating mechanism to attract conspecifics and repel heterospecifics. Despite the profound knowledge of sex pheromones, little is known about the coevolutionary mechanisms and constraints on their production and detection. Using whole-genome sequences to infer the kinship among 99 drosophilids, we investigate how phylogenetic and chemical traits have interacted at a wide evolutionary timescale. Through a series of chemical syntheses and electrophysiological...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
Coral reefs are the epitome of species diversity, yet the number of described scleractinian coral species, the framework-builders of coral reefs, remains moderate by comparison. DNA sequencing studies are rapidly challenging this notion by uncovering a wealth of "cryptic diversity", but the ecological relevance of this diversity remains largely unclear. Here, we present an annotated draft genome for one of the most ubiquitous coral species in the Indo-Pacific (Pachyseris speciosa), and establish...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
DNA methylation-based biomarkers of aging (epigenetic clocks) promise to lead to new insights in the evolutionary biology of ageing. Relatively little is known about how the natural environment affects epigenetic aging effects in wild species. In this study, we took advantage of a unique long-term (>40 years) longitudinal monitoring of individual roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) living in two wild populations (Chize and Trois Fontaines, France) facing different ecological contexts to investigate...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
The fate of duplicated genes includes pseudo-, sub-, or neo-functionalization. When different copies of a duplicated gene are pseudo-functionalized in different genotypes, genetic incompatibilities can arise in their hybrid offspring. While such cases have been reported after manual crosses, it remains unclear whether they occur in nature and how they affect natural populations. Using the Arabidopsis multi-parental RIL population, we identified four duplicated-gene based incompatibilities including...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
Approximately 100 years ago, hunter-harvest eliminated white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) in eastern North America, which subsequently served as a catalyst for wildlife management as a national priority. An extensive stock-replenishment effort soon followed, with WTD broadly translocated among states as a means of reestablishment. Now, contemporary issues focus on reverberations from a global (and fatal) epizootic disease in Cervidae (chronic wasting disease, CWD). These cumulative impacts...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
Motivated by recent experiments on an antibiotic resistance gene, we investigate genetic interactions between synonymous mutations in the framework of exclusion models of translation. We show that the range of possible interactions is markedly different depending on whether translation efficiency is assumed to be proportional to ribosome current or ribosome speed. In the first case every mutational effect has a definite sign that is independent of genetic background, whereas in the second case the...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 03:00
We present a concept that summarizes the pattern of occurrence of widely distributed organisms with large chromosomal diversity, low molecular divergence, and the absence of morphological identity. Our model is based on cytogenetic and molecular data of four populations of the siluriform Hypostomus ancistroides presented in this study in comparison with those of 15 other previously described populations but is applicable to any group of sister species, chronospecies, or cryptic species. Through the...
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Abstract Background Single‐institution studies suggest that aspirin reduces the risk of death in head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aspirin use on overall survival (OS) in veterans with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Methods A total of 23 083 veterans with OPC were identified between 2005 and 2018 from the Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse. Records were queried for clinical‐demographic data, aspirin prescriptions, and outcomes....
Tue Sep 22, 2020 13:57
Abstract Background Survivors of head and neck cancer (HNC) have increased risk of opioid misuse. Methods Using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End‐Results‐Medicare data, we matched adults ≥66 years diagnosed with HNC 2008‐2015 with cancer‐free controls. We computed odds ratios (OR) for receipt of chronic opioid therapy (COT, claims for ≥90 consecutive days) for HNC survivors compared to controls each year after matching through 2016. Results The cohort of HNC survivors declined from...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 20:34
Tue Sep 22, 2020 11:13
Objectives The main objective was to compare clinical features, disease course, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)‐antibody (Ab) dynamics, between children and adults with MOG‐Ab‐associated disease (MOGAD). Methods Retrospective multicentric, national study including 98 children and 268 adults with MOGAD between January 2014, and September 2019. Cox’s regression model for recurrent time‐to‐event data, and Kaplan‐Meier curves for time to antibody negativity were performed for the objectives,...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 18:55
Objective To demonstrate that calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) induces headache exacerbation with migraine‐like features in patients with persistent post‐traumatic headache (PTH) attributed to mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 2‐way crossover study. Analyses were intention‐to‐treat. Eligible patients were aged 18 to 65 years and had a history of persistent PTH after mild TBI for at least 12 months. Patients were randomized to receive...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:59
Objective Congenital structural brain malformations have been described in patients with pathogenic PTEN variants, but the frequency of cortical malformations in PTEN variants and their impact on clinical phenotype are not well understood. Our goal was to systematically characterize brain malformations in patients with PTEN variants and assess the relevance of their brain malformations to clinical presentation. Methods We systematically searched a local radiology database for patients with...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 22:31
Metal‐oxo clusters offer opportunity to assemble inorganic and metal‐organic frameworks by a controlled building‐block approach, which led to the revolutionary discoveries of zeolites and MOFs. Polyoxometalate clusters are soluble in water, but more challenging to link into frameworks—the inert oxo‐caps that provide solubility are resistant to replacement or further connectivity. Here we demonstrate how the unique directional bonding and varying basicity of the decaniobate ([Nb10]) oxo‐caps can be...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 17:00
Pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives bearing halide functional groups are prevalent building blocks in drug discovery as halides can serve as an anchor for post‐modifications. In principle, one of the simplest ways to build these frameworks is the haloamination of alkenes. While several progresses have been made in this field, notably the development of enantioselective versions, this reaction is still fraught with limitations in terms of reactivity. Besides, a major question remaining is to understand...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 18:25
The demand for transporting coreactant to emitter and short lifetime of the radicals in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission inhibit greatly its application in cytosensing and microscopic imaging. Herein we designed a dual intramolecular electron transfer strategy and tertiary amine conjugated polymer dots (TEA‐Pdots) to develop a coreactant‐embedded ECL mechanism and microimaging system. The TEA‐Pdots could produce ECL emission at +1.2 V without need of coreactant in test solution. The superstructure...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 19:23
Iodoarene catalysis is a powerful methodology that usually requires an excess of oxidant, or of redox mediator if the terminal oxidant is dioxygen, to generate the key hypervalent iodine intermediate to proceed efficiently. We report that, using the spiro‐cyclization of amides as a benchmark reaction, aerobic iodoarene catalysis can be enabled by relying on a pyrylium photocatalyst under blue light irradiation. This unprecedented dual organocatalytic system allows the use of low catalytic loading...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 19:26
Biocatalytic reaction networks integrate complex cascade transformations via spatial localization of multiple enzymes confined within the cellular milieu. Inspired by Nature’s ingenuity, we demonstrate that short peptide based cross‐β amyloid nanotubular hybrids can promote different kinds of cascade reactions, from simple two‐step, multistep to complex convergent cascades. The compartmentalizing ability of paracrystalline cross‐β phases was utilized to colocalize sarcosine oxidase (SOX) and hemin...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 19:54
Electrophilic functionalisation of [Cp*Fe(η 5 ‐P 5 )] ( 1 ) yields the first transition metal complexes of pentaphospholes (cyclo‐P 5 R). Silylation of 1 with [(Et 3 Si) 2 (μ‐H)][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] leads to the ionic species [Cp*Fe(η 5 ‐P 5 SiEt 3 )][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] ( 2 ), whose subsequent reaction with H 2 O yields the parent compound [Cp*Fe(η 5 ‐P 5 H)][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] ( 3 ). The synthesis of a carbon‐substituted derivative [Cp*Fe(η 5 ‐P 5 Me)][X] ([X] – = [FB(C 6 F 5 ...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 20:55
Size‐controllable covalent triazine framework nanoparticles were synthesized through a confined polymerization strategy within silica capsules. They show a manifold increase in photocatalytic activity compared to the bulk system. Abstract For metal‐free, organic conjugated polymer‐based photocatalysts, synthesis of defined nanostructures is still highly challenging. Here, we report the formation of covalent triazine framework (CTF) nanoparticles via a size‐controllable confined polymerization...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:13
Iodide‐derived copper shows higher selectivity and faster kinetics towards ethane production from CO2 than other catalyst systems. In their Communication (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20200484610.1002/anie.202004846), H. M. Chen, Y. Zheng, S. Z. Qiao, and co‐workers use in situ X‐ray absorption fine structure and in situ Raman techniques to show that trace iodine and positively charged copper species better stabilize the ethoxy intermediate, which was found to be the selectivity‐determining...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:16
Rational engineering of low‐affinity aptamers expands the toolkit of affinity probes for super‐resolution microscopy. In their Research Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20200476410.1002/anie.202004764), D. H. Burke, L. Albertazzi, and co‐workers demonstrate that a low‐affinity aptamer targeting cell‐surface EGFR allows for simultaneous single‐molecule tracking and single‐molecule localization microscopy of individual receptors at high labeling density to define spatiotemporal dynamics...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:23
A self‐sufficient therapeutic photo‐gene therapy nanosystem was realized through the delicate design of DNAzyme prodrugs and MnO2 adjuvant into nanocapsule with tumor‐specific recognition/activation features. Abstract The therapeutic performance of DNAzyme‐involved gene silencing is significantly constrained by inefficient conditional activation and insufficient cofactor supply. Herein, a self‐sufficient therapeutic nanosystem was realized through the delicate design of DNAzyme prodrugs...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:24
Through the strategy of anion solvation regulation, a reconfigurated anion solvation network is formed which significantly reduces the oxidative‐vulnerable anion‐carbonate affinities. This leads to an enhanced oxidation stability of carbonate electrolytes which enables highly stable Zn/graphite cells. Abstract Conventional carbonate solvents with low HOMO levels are theoretically compatible with the low‐cost, high‐voltage chemistry of Zn/graphite batteries. However, the nucleophilic attack...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:24
A polyMOF membranous luminescent thermometer is realized through the copolymerizion of mixed‐lanthanide MOF with butyl methacrylate monomers. The membrane material not only exhibits ratiometric temperature sensing behavior in a flexible form but also shows remarkable stability under harsh conditions, making it a promising candidate for commercial applications. Abstract Temperature sensors play a significant role in biology, chemistry, and engineering, especially those that can work accurately...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:24
The reaction of bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl pinacol boronic ester (BCB‐Bpin) with nucleophiles has been studied. Unlike BCBs bearing electron‐withdrawing groups, which react with nucleophiles at the β‐position, BCB‐Bpin reacts with a diverse set of heteroatom (O, S, N)‐centred nucleophiles exclusively at the α‐position. Aliphatic alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, thiols and sulfonamides were found to be competent nucleophiles, providing ready access to α‐heteroatom‐substituted cyclobutyl boronic esters....
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:25
A mild NiH‐catalyzed enantioselective hydroarylation process enabled by a new chiral bis imidazoline ligand is reported. A wide variety of enantioenriched 1,1‐diarylalkanes, a structure found in a number of biologically active molecules, were obtained in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. Abstract A highly enantio‐ and regioselective hydroarylation process of vinylarenes with aryl halides has been developed using a NiH catalyst and a new chiral bis imidazoline ligand. A broad...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:28
When life gives you citrate… Genome mining of food‐spoiling bacteria revealed unprecedented lipocyclopeptides (bolagladins) with antimycobacterial activity. A specialized citrate synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) play key roles in the formation and loading of their unusual tricarboxylic fatty acid tail, thus generating a bolaamphiphilic natural product (see scheme). Abstract Mining the genome of the food‐spoiling bacterium Burkholderia gladioli pv. cocovenenans revealed...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:29
The oxidative addition of OH, NH, and weak CH bonds to a palladium(0) complex is facile, allows for additive‐free catalysis, and suggests the non‐innocence of water in palladium catalysis. The oxidative addition of protic solvents or adventitious water switches the chemoselectivity in catalysis with alkynes through activation of the terminal C−H bond. Abstract The homolytic cleavage of O−H and N−H or weak C−H bonds is a key elementary step in redox catalysis, but is thought to be unfeasible...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:29
Zeolite channel geometry–reaction intermediate relationships during the methanol‐to‐hydrocarbon process were identified using advanced solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. As described by M. Baldus, B. M. Weckhuysen, and co‐workers in their Research Article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20200913910.1002/anie.202009139), the more extended straight zeolite channels promote the aromatic cycle, while the more constrained sinusoidal zeolite channels favor the olefin cycle.
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:29
Tetra‐armed cyclen ( 1 ) bearing two 4‐(4’‐pyridyl)benzyl and two 3,5‐difluorobenzyl groups and its Ag + complexes were prepared and structurally characterized. The complex formed between 1 and Ag + undergoes a reversible structural transformation between a 2:2 dimeric complex and a 3:5 pentacyclic trefoil complex with changes in the Ag + / 1 molar ratio. It was also revealed that the 3:5 trefoil complex could encapsulate benzene and benzene‐ d 6 selectively in solid‐state. The benzene‐included...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 21:51
CsPbBr 3 perovskite nanocrystals are readily shaped into large‐area 2D photonic crystals by means of nanoimprinting lithography, as shown by L. Polavarapu, A. Mihi et al. in their Research Article on https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202006152page 17750. The periodic patterning provides efficient light coupling to the nanocrystal layer, increasing the electric field intensity within the perovskite film and resulting in amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) under lower optical excitation fluences...
Mon Sep 21, 2020 22:00
A chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselective mono‐hydroamidation of (un)symmetrical 1,3‐diynes is described. Key for the success of this novel transformation is the utilization of an advanced palladium catalyst system with the specific ligand L6 (Neolephos). The synthetic value of this general approach to synthetically useful α‐alkynyl‐α, β‐unsaturated amides is showcased by diversification of several structurally complex molecules and marketed drugs. Control experiments and density functional theory (M06L‐SMD)...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 11:01
Interest in linear conjugated polymers has significantly increased in recent decades due to their semiconducting properties and promising applications in organic optoelectronics. To date, the extension of linear conjugated polymers into two‐dimensional conjugated polymers (2D CPs), which can also be regarded as 2D π‐conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs), remains largely unexplored due to limited synthetic methodologies. In this work, we demonstrate the first synthesis of vinylene‐linked 2D...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 11:03
Single atom catalysts (SACs) are of great importance for oxygen reduction, a critical process in renewable energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. The catalytic performance of SACs largely depends on the structure of their active sites, but explorations of highly active structures for SAC active sites are still limited. Herein, we demonstrate a combined experimental and theoretical study of oxygen reduction catalysis on SACs, which incorporate M‐N 3 C 1 site structure, composed...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 11:03
Oganesson (Og) is the last entry into the Periodic Table completing the seventh period of elements and group 18 of the noble gases. Only three atoms of Og have been successfully produced in nuclear collision experiments, with an estimate half‐life for [[EQUATION]] of [[EQUATION]] ms. [1] With such a short lifetime, chemical and physical properties inevitably have to come from accurate relativistic quantum theory. Here, we employ two complementary computational approaches, namely parallel...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 14:10
Chirality plays a fundamental role in nature, but its detection and quantification still face many limitations. To date, the enantiospecific analysis of mixtures necessarily requires prior separation of the individual components. The simultaneous enantiospecific detection of multiple chiral molecules in a mixture represents a major challenge, which would lead to a significantly better understanding of the underlying biological processes; e.g. via enantiospecifically analysing metabolites in their...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 15:02
Chirality is ubiquitous within biological systems where many of the roles and functions are still undetermined. Given this, there is a clear need to design and develop sensitive chiral optical probes that can function within a biological setting. Here we report the design and synthesis of magnetically responsive Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) complexes displaying exceptional photophysical properties (quantum yield up to 31% and |g lum | up to 0.240) by introducing chiral substituents onto...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 15:04
The stabilization of silicon(II) and germanium(II) dihydrides by an intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) ligand, PB, i Pr2P(C6H4)BCy2 (Cy = cyclohexyl) is reported. The resulting hydride complexes [PB{SiH2}] and [PB{GeH2}] are indefinitely stable at room temperature, yet can deposit films of silicon and germanium, respectively, upon mild thermolysis in solution. Hallmarks of this work include: (1) the ability to recycle the FLP phosphine‐borane ligand (PB) after element deposition, and (2)...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 18:01
Polymethine cyanine dyes have been widely recognized as promising chemical tools for a range of life sciences and biomedical applications, such as fluorescent staining of DNA and proteins in gel electrophoresis, fluorescence guided surgery or as ratiometric probes for probing biochemical pathways. The photophysical properties of such dyes can be tuned through the synthetic modification of the conjugated backbone, e.g. by altering aromatic cores or by varying the length of the conjugated polymethine...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 22:00
Supramolecular assembly of molecular chiral compounds is crucial for the comprehension of chirality propagation and achieving superior chirality‐related properties. In this work, spirocyclic Ag 9 clusters as a new form of intrinsically chiral metal clusters have been constructed through vertex‐sharing of two in situ generated heteroaryl diide‐centered metal rings. Such core‐peripheral type clusters exhibit versatile photoluminescent and chiroptical behaviours under different aggregation conditions....
Tue Sep 22, 2020 20:47
Some marine plankton called dinoflagellates emit light in response to the movement of surrounding water, resulting in a phenomenon called milky seas or sea sparkle. The underlying concept, a shear‐stress induced permeabilisation of biocatalytic reaction compartments, is transferred to polymer‐based nanoreactors. Amphiphilic block copolymers that carry nucleobases in their hydrophobic block are self‐assembled into polymersomes. The membrane of the vesicles can be transiently switched between an impermeable...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 21:04
The current research on all‐inorganic perovskite NCs is mainly focused on Pb‐based materials (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, and I). However, the toxicity of Pb has become a major obstacle to its application. Correspondingly, lead‐free CsSnX3 perovskite NCs are becoming a promising alternative, but suffer from extremely poor stability. Herein, we highlight the significant effect of Sn(II) precursors used in the synthesis on the stability of the resultant CsSnX3 NCs. A new method is proposed for synthesizing...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 21:06
To ensure the sustainable hydrogen production via water electrolysis technique, robust, earth‐abundant and high‐efficient electrocatalyst is highly required. Nowadays, to overcome the limitation of conventional single‐phase component , constructing hybrid system could lead to further improvement in electrocatalytic activity. Interface engineering in composite catalysts is thus critical to determine the performance, and phase‐junction interface is supposed to obviously improve the catalytic activity....
Tue Sep 22, 2020 21:10
To develop enantioselective alkyl‐alkyl cross‐couplings with coinstantaneous formation of a stereogenic center without the use of sensitive organometallic species is attractive yet challenging. Herein, we report the intermolecular regio‐ and enantioselective formal hydrofunctionalizations of acrylamides, forging a stereogenic center α ‐position to the newly formed C sp3 ‐C sp3 bond for the first time. The use of a new developed chiral ligand enables the electronically‐reversed formal hydrofunctionalizations,...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 21:14
Increasing data storage density is one of the major challenges of the information industry. To be widely applicable, writing and reading information have to be dense, convenient and fast. A major step towards reliable reading of information coded in the sequence of long poly(phosphodiester)s was previously achieved by introducing an alkoxyamine spacer between information sub‐segments. However, MS/MS decoding had to be performed manually to safely identify useful fragments of low abundance compared...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 21:28
A 68-year-old woman with a breast mass was referred to our hospital. Imaging studies showed an oval well-defined mass, 1.3 cm in size, in her left lower outer quadrant of the breast. Core needle biopsy with immunohistochemical staining showed atypical spindle cells forming solid nests with necrosis and papillary lesions, leading to the tentative and pre-operative diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. Due to the absence of daughter nodules, extensive ductal spread, and lymphadenopathy on imaging...
08:45
Our bone‐by‐bone study on the cranium of five species in a rare hynobiiid salamander genus, Pseudohynobius, not only reveal several morphological features for terrestrial adaptation in hynobiids, but also found several potential synapomorphies uniting crown or stem and crown Hynobiidae. Our findings are essential in understanding the palaeoecology and character evolution in hynobiid salamanders along with accumulating fossil discoveries of this clade in the Mesozoic Era. Abstract Hynobiidae...
Tue Sep 22, 2020 18:50
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