Dentists’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding evidence-based dentistry practice in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Waleed Daifallah ALmalki, Navin Ingle, Mansour Assery, Jamal Alsanea Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(7):507-514 Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the existing level knowledge and the use of evidence-based dentistry among dental clinicians. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 400 male and female dental practitioner’s working in academic, governmental, and private sectors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results: In this study, a total of 400 subjects were recruited of whom 253 (63.3%) were male dental practitioners and 147 (36.8%) were female dental practitioners: 229 (57.3%) subjects belonged to 25–34 age group, 145 (36.3%) to 35–44 age group, 18 (4.5%) to 45–54 age group, and 8 (2%) to >55 age group. Among them, 202 (50.5%) were mixed practice, 91 (22.8%) were working in academics, 76 (19%) belonged to private practice, and 31 (7.8%) belonged to government practice. In addition, 225 (56.3%) were general practitioners and postgraduates, 86 (21.5%) were specialists, 47 (11.8%) were consultants, and 42 (10.5%) had other qualifications. In total, 221 (55.3%) subjects completed their qualification within before 1–5 years, 153 (38.3%) completed their qualification within before 6–10 years, 19 (4.8%) completed their qualification within before 11–15 years, and 7 (1.8%) completed their qualification within 16–20 years. Conclusion: This survey mirrors the necessity to conduct continuing dental education programs on evidence-based practice (EBP), so as to give the dentists of Riyadh better knowledge regarding EBP so that they can administer it in their daily clinical practice and deliver better quality care to their patients.

A comparative study of shear bond strength of direct bonding system with and without a liquid primer: An in vitro study Ashok Babu Devatha, M Narasimha Lakshmi, Naresh B Kumar, Srikanth Erukala, Rathna Valluri, Kranti Kiran Reddy Ealla Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(7):515-522 Background: A primer in dental bonding agents enhances the bond between the adhesive and the tooth by way of deriding the tooth surface of moisture and creating a hydrophobic surface for the adhesive to bond and by facilitating the flow of the adhesive into the etched tooth surface. In the orthodontic context, however, there have been debatable results in the published literature as to how significantly the use of primer affects the bond strength between the bracket and the tooth surface. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of two commercially available direct bonding systems with and without using liquid primer and to record their adhesive remnant index scores. Settings and Design: A total of 100 natural human teeth, extracted for orthodontic therapies, had been selected as specimens for the study. They were equally divided into four categories. Two commercially available products were used to bond metallic orthodontic brackets to the teeth, both with the use of and without the use of a primer to test the shear bond strengths of the four types of adhesive-tooth complexes created. Shear bond strength was measured using universal testing machine, and Student’s t-test was applied for the comparison of the results. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 extracted human premolar teeth were divided into two groups: Group I and Group II, each of which contained two subgroups (with one subgroup pretreated with a primer and the other, not pretreated with the primer). All the teeth were divided equally among the subgroups and were mounted on color-coded acrylic blocks to aid in identification. Group I was bonded with Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive (3M Unitek Orthodontic Products, Monrovia, California) and Group II was bonded using Phase II two-paste system (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Illinois). The shear bond strength of Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive used with Transbond XT primer and Phase II orthodontic two-paste system used with liquid primer was compared with that of those used without a liquid primer, respectively. The shear bond strength was evaluated using universal testing machine and the adhesive remnant scores were evaluated subsequently. The Student’s t-test was applied for comparison of the two groups. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics, such as mean, standard deviation, and a standard error, were calculated for Transbond XT used with and without primer and for Phase II two-paste system used with and without a liquid resin. The Student’s t-test was applied for comparison of the two groups. Results: In Group I, the mean bond strength of Transbond XT without primer (12.5272MPa, 95% CI: 11.76–13.68) was compared to that of Transbond XT with XT primer (13.2028MPa, 95% CI: 12.39–14.06). In Group II, the mean shear bond strength of Phase II two-paste system without primer (10.66MPa, 95% CI: 10.13–11.18) was compared to that of Phase II two-paste system with primer (10.66MPa, 95% CI: 10.13–11.18), and the values were statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The shear bond strength of the brackets bonded with Transbond XT and Phase II without using the liquid primer was sufficient enough to withstand the masticatory forces, which implies the elimination of liquid primer during bonding. Clinical Significance: The development of the acid-etch technique and Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate-based liquid resin has changed the practice of orthodontics over the years more than any other single principle formulated. Despite its wide popularity, the cytotoxicity, which stems from the use of liquid primer, needs attention.

Identification of Helicobacter pylori in saliva of patients with and without gastritis by polymerase chain reaction E V Soma Sekhar Goud, Ranganathan Kannan, Umadevi K Rao, Elizabeth Joshua, Rooban Tavaraja, Yash Jain Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(7):523-529 Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the presence of Helicobacter pylori in saliva of patients with and without gastritis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 20 patients in Group I presenting with various symptoms of gastritis and 10 asymptomatic subjects in Group II. The intestinal endoscopy antral biopsies were collected from 20 symptomatic patients with gastroduodenal disorders. The saliva specimens were taken from all patients before endoscopy. PCR was performed using genomic DNA, isolated from the saliva and the biopsies of the patients as the template to detect the presence of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene in H. pylori. Results: In Group I, 10 (50%) cases of clinical gastritis were positive for H. pylori by endoscopy biopsy and 10 (50%) were negative. Of the 10 endoscopy biopsy positive cases for H. pylori, eight were PCR positive in saliva and two were negative. Of the 10 endoscopy biopsy negative cases, three were PCR positive for H. pylori in saliva and seven were negative. In Groups II, four were symptomatic for gastritis and six were negative. Of the six gastritis negative cases, three were PCR positive, four were gastritis positive, and three were PCR positive. Sensitivity and specificity of PCR were found to be 80% and 70%, respectively. The positive predictive and negative predictive values of PCR in saliva were 72.7% and 77.7%, respectively. Conclusion: PCR analysis of saliva may be handy in identification of H. pylori and serves as a noninvasive technique to diagnose and monitor the prognosis.

Perception of dental and medical teaching faculty regarding mobile dental application Ricky Pal Singh, Ajithkrishnan Champettil Gopalakrishnapillai, Nagesh Bhat, Amrita Pawar Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(7):530-539 Context: Mobile dental applications Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the attitude and awareness about use of mobile dental apps among the dental and medical teaching faculty of Ghaziabad district. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire survey Materials and Methods: All the teaching faculty of ITS Dental College were included in the survey and were provided with the questionnaire containing three components pertaining to demographic details, prevalence, and perception regarding ideal mobile dental apps. Data were collected through Google forms and were assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical analysis: Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. For the normality of data, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was performed, questionnaire was checked for validity and reliability using Cronbach’s α analysis, and interclass correlation coefficient and chi-squared analysis were used to assess the relationship between the dental and medical teaching faculty and questionnaire response. The data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 23 (IBM, Armonk, New York, USA). Results: An intraclass correlation between the study subjects and significant association was found, which was interpretative of strong correlation among the participants (ICC = 0.273, P = 0.042). The chi-squared test also revealed a significant association for most of the responses (P = 0.00), except for the fact that “dental apps are essential tools.” Nearly 89% of the participants were using smartphones and 75% of the faculty cited as portability of mobile dental apps as the biggest advantage. Conclusion: The findings from the study reflected academic and technological platform for using handheld devices in clinical medical and dental setting. The ergonomics of recent handheld devices gives more comfort and portability to the users as compared to the standard operating system such as personal computers and desktop, which gives the mobile dental/medical apps an edge over them that can be used for prospective clinical settings.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pediatricians regarding pediatric liquid medicaments on long-term oral health: A cross-sectional study in bhubaneswar, odisha Sonu Acharya, Ashraf Ullah, Brinda Suhas Godhi, Gaurav Setya, Sumit Singh Phukela, Bismay Singh Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 2019 11(7):540-546 Background: A pediatrician is supposed to be one of the first clinician who sees a child from infancy through adolescence. This study was carried for pediatricians serving in medical colleges and tertiary hospitals in Bhubaneswar City, Odisha, India. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was distributed among 30 pediatricians serving in various medical colleges and tertiary hospitals in Bhubaneswar City area. It consisted of questions regarding knowledge of pediatricians on the awareness of detrimental effects of long-term liquid medicaments use on oral cavity, including delivery of oral hygiene instructions and regular dental checkup. The data as obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 17.0, for Microsoft Windows (Chicago, Illinois). Results: The results showed that there is a good amount of awareness among the pediatricians working in medical colleges in Bhubaneswar regarding pediatric liquid medication and their ill effects on teeth. Most pediatricians considered age and body weight of the child (87%). Sixty five percent of pediatricians were aware that pediatric liquid medication (PLM) can cause dental caries. Ninety five percent of them were aware of PLMs with sugar substitutes are available in market. Conclusion: The overall awareness among the pediatricians regarding the ill effects of pediatric liquid medications on teeth is satisfactory.