Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Knowledge models in radiotherapy capture the relation between patient anatomy and dosimetry to provide treatment planning guidance. When treatment schemes evolve, existing models struggle to predict accurately. We propose a case-based reasoning framework designed to handle novel anatomies that are of same type but vary beyond original training samples. A total of 105 pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy cases were analyzed....
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Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Substance P plays a pivotal role in human cancer development and progression by binding to its receptor, neurokinin-1. Neurokinin-1 has 2 isoforms: full-length neurokinin-1 and truncated neurokinin-1, the latter lacking the cytoplasmic terminal 96-amino acid residues of the full-length protein. We have identified 3 candidate miR-206 target sites within the 3′-untranslated region of the full-length neurokinin-1 gene from...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 07:22
Technology in Cancer Research &Treatment, Volume 18, Issue , January 2019. Background:We aimed to find the possible molecular mechanisms for the roles of microRNA-21 underlying lung cancer development.Methods:MicroRNA-21-5p inhibitor was transfected into A549 cells. Total RNA was isolated from 10 samples, including 3 in control group (A549 cells), 3 in negative control group (A549 cells transferred with microRNA-21 negative control), and 4 in SH group (A549 cells transferred with microRNA-21...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 07:21
Elevations in glucocorticoid levels (GCs) in breeding females may induce adaptive shifts in offspring life histories. Offspring produced by mothers with elevated GCs may be better prepared to face harsh environments where a faster pace of life is beneficial. We examined how experimentally elevated GCs in pregnant or lactating North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) affected offspring growth in body mass, structural (skeletal) size, oxidative stress levels (balance of two antioxidants...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 03:00
The Red Queen Hypothesis, which suggests that continual evolution can result from solely biotic interactions, has been studied in macroevolutionary and microevolutionary contexts. While microevolutionary studies have described examples in which evolution does not cease, understanding which general conditions lead to continual evolution or to stasis remains a major challenge. In many cases, it is unclear which experimental features or model assumptions are necessary for the observed continual evolution...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 03:00
To date there are few detailed and quantitative studies investigating the evolution of the tooth shape and function in Aglyphous snakes in relation to diet. To study dental adaptations to diet, a lineage that is of particular interest due to its large range of adult body sizes, is the one including dwarfed snakes of the genus Eirenis and their immediate sister group, whip snakes of the genus Dolichophis. A considerable evolutionary decrease in the size is observed from a Dolichophis-like ancestor...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 03:00
The non-photosyntetic alga Euglena longa harbours a cryptic plastid of unknown function. By a combination of bioinformatic and biochemical approaches we found out that this organelle houses a surprising set of metabolic processes. Biosynthesis of isoprenoid precursors and fatty acids is absent and the tetrapyrrole pathway is incomplete, whereas phospholipids and glycolipids are still being produced in the E. longa plastid. Unprecedented among non-photosynthetic plastids is the ability of this organelle...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 03:00
Numerous types of genomic markers have been used to resolve recalcitrant nodes, yet their relative performance and congruence have rarely been compared directly. Using target-capture sequencing, we obtained more than 12,000 highly informative exons and introns, including ~600 UCEs to address long-standing systematic problems in Southeast Asian Golden-backed frogs of the genus complex Hylarana. To reduce gene tree estimation errors, we filtered the data using different thresholds of taxon completeness...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 03:00
Stream ecosystems are spatially heterogeneous environments due to the habitat diversity that define different microhabitat patches within a single area. Despite the influence of habitat heterogeneity on the biodiversity of insect community, little is known about how habitat heterogeneity governs species coexistence and community assembly. Here, we address the question if habitat heterogeneity may drive changes in community composition of the stonefly (Plecoptera, Insecta) community in different sampling...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 03:00
Transposable elements (TEs) can shape gene regulation networks by being co-opted as enhancers. However, the contribution of lineage-specific TE insertions to recent adaptations remains poorly understood. Gibbons present a suitable model to study these contributions, as they have evolved many distinct traits, including heavily rearranged genomes and a novel TE called LAVA. The LAVA retrotransposon is still active in the gibbon genome and is thought to have contributed to evolution of gibbon-specific...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 03:00
AO_SCPCAPBSTRACTC_SCPCAPUnlike wild and domestic canaries (Serinus canaria), or any of the three dozen species of finches in genus Serinus, the domestic urucum breed of canaries exhibits bright red bills and legs. This novel bare-part coloration offers a unique opportunity to understand how leg and bill coloration evolve in birds. To identify the causative locus, we resequenced the genome of urucum canaries and performed a range of analyses to search for genotype-to-phenotype associations across...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 03:00
Novel pathogens can cause massive declines in populations, but seldom lead to extirpation of hosts. Rather, disease can act as a selective pressure on survivors, driving the evolution of resistance or tolerance. Bat white-nose syndrome (WNS) is a rapidly spreading wildlife disease in North America. The fungus causing the disease invades skin tissues of hibernating bats, resulting in disruption of hibernation behavior, premature energy depletion, and subsequent death. We use whole-genome sequencing...
Wed Sep 11, 2019 03:00
The aim of exenteration reconstruction is to stabilize the postsurgical wound bed to promote expeditious healing particularly in patients who are undergoing adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy. Porcine urinary bladder matrix has previously been used successfully as a wound-healing scaffold in treatment of burns and in acute, chronic, and surgical wounds, but the use of these products has not previously been reported in the exenterated orbit. The authors present a case of the novel use of porcine...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Adenosquamous carcinoma is a highly aggressive tumor, which can rarely arise from the ocular surface. The authors herein report a patient who presented with a 5 mm mass on the temporal conjunctiva that was clinically diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. The lesion was surgically resected with cryopexy to the conjunctival wound edges. Histopathology and immunoractivity confirmed the diagnosis of adenosquamous carcinoma. Following topical interferon alpha 2b for 3 months, there has been no recurrence...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: To provide a systematic review of the literature on the etiopathogenesis of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO). Methods: The authors performed a PubMed search of all articles published in English with specific reference to etiopathogenesis of PANDO or associations of PANDO. Data captured include demographics, study techniques, hypothesis, presumed or confirmed interpretations with regards to pathogenesis, mechanisms, or pathways. Specific emphasis was laid on...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: There are different techniques for medial canthoplasty in blepharophimosis syndrome where individuals have epicanthus inversus and telecanthus leading to typical facial appearances. These methods have potential problems with scarring, epistaxis, and extrusion of metal plates. Methods: The authors describe a novel technique of medial canthal reconstruction using titanium microplates with microscrew fixation to the anterior lacrimal crest, with effective, safe, and reproducible results. ...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: To quantify changes to the bony orbital volume (BOV) in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) relative to normal controls. Methods: In this case–control study, all patients affected with TED seen over a 2-year period were screened for study entry. Eligible participants were adults with clinical evidence of TED and CT scans of their orbits obtained during the course of their routine care. Exclusion criteria included the history of decompression surgery and/or medical or other ophthalmic...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
A 7-year-old healthy girl presented for an evaluation of a left vascular scleral mass. The lesion appeared spontaneously with no history of trauma, coagulopathy, or topical medication use. It was nontender, enlarging, and did not extend intraocularly. Her OS vision was 20/20, and the remainder of her eye examination was normal. Evaluation of the ocular mass included B-scan ultrasound, ultrasound biomicroscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT), and orbital MRI. The anterior segment...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: CT is the standard of care for assessment of ocular and orbital trauma; however, artifacts from metallic foreign bodies can limit the utility of CT. The authors hypothesize that implementation of metal artifact reduction techniques can improve image quality and diagnostic confidence for a diverse group of interpreters. Methods: A case series of ten subjects with retained periocular metallic foreign bodies imaged with CT were identified retrospectively from a large urban trauma center....
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: To identify clinicopathologic factors associated with local recurrence of eyelid sebaceous carcinoma and determine whether routine conjunctival map biopsies are necessary to detect pagetoid spread. Methods: The authors searched PubMed for articles on eyelid sebaceous carcinoma and pagetoid spread published in English during 1982 to 2018, and they reviewed 99 consecutive patients with eyelid sebaceous carcinoma who underwent surgical excision with frozen section control of margins...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: To measure the force required by blunt-tipped microcannulas of various sizes to penetrate the wall of the facial artery. Methods: Twenty hemifaces of 10 fresh frozen cadavers were dissected to reveal the facial artery from its origin at the external carotid artery until the angular artery was found. On the right side of each cadaver, the facial artery was removed at the nasolabial fold, while arteries on the left were kept in situ, preserved with their fascial attachments. A force-sensitive...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: To quantify the complete dimensions of the retro-orbicularis oculi fat (ROOF) pad and to determine its relationship to other fat compartments of the forehead. Methods: The entire forehead of 14 hemifaces of seven fresh frozen human cadavers (four female, three male) was dissected in the subcutaneous and submuscular planes. For each plane, a ruler was placed at the facial midline, and images of the dissection plane were taken at 90° and 45°. Images were analyzed for vertical height,...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is known to cause enlargement of the cranial nerves, particularly the trigeminal nerve. Several cases of orbital neuromas associated with this condition have been published, but surgical treatment has not been reported. The authors present a case of bilateral supraorbital neuromas associated with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy that underwent surgical excision and histopathologic examination.
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: To evaluate the use of bicanalicular silicone intubation for the management of punctal stenosis and obstruction in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. Methods: A retrospective interventional case series of patients with acquired epiphora due to stenotic or obstructed puncta as a result of allergic conjunctivitis was performed. Punctal dilation and bicanalicular silicone intubation were performed in all patients. Munk Scale for grading of epiphora along with grading of fluorescein...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Ductal carcinoma of the lacrimal gland is a very rare and aggressive neoplasm, with clinical and histopathologic similarities to salivary ductal carcinoma. Of the 25 previously reported cases, 2 patients had metastases to local lymph nodes confirmed on pathologic examination. The authors now report the clinical presentation, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, and the treatment of a third patient with lacrimal gland ductal carcinoma with spread to local lymph nodes. In contrast to ductal...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: To describe the natural course of orbital fat volume and extraocular muscle volume in mild Graves orbitopathy during a 4-year follow-up. To describe fatty changes within the extraocular muscles. Patients: Twenty-five patients with mild Graves orbitopathy, who did not require any therapeutic intervention other than supportive therapy, were followed for 4 years. Methods: CT scans were performed in all patients at baseline and follow-up. A validated technique using Mimics (Materialise)...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
No abstract available
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: Patients presenting with thyroid eye disease (TED) usually follow a well-defined self-remitting course characterized by an active inflammatory phase followed by an inactive fibrotic phase. We present 3 cases where patients presented primarily with signs of progressive fibrosis and no signs of prior active inflammation. Methods: We reviewed the clinical notes and investigations of 3 patients who presented to our center between January 2015 and August 2017. Results: All patients...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: To report initial results using a native 240 frames per second smartphone camera for 2-dimensional videographic analysis of eyelid dynamics during spontaneous blinking. Methods: Spontaneous blinking was prospectively recorded in volunteers using a smartphone camera recording at 240 frames per second in 720p. A standardized recording setup was used in which the smartphone was mounted on a tripod stand at 0.5 m in the Frankfort horizontal plane. Subjects viewed a nature documentary...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: To study the effect of periocular steroid use on intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods: Charts of adult patients with atopic dermatitis or eczema treated with topical periocular steroid creams and ointments from January 1st, 2007 to October 1st, 2017 were reviewed. Patients with the following were excluded: glaucoma, ocular hypertension, known systemic/topical/injectable steroid history, and lack of documented IOP prior to or during treatment with periocular steroid ointment. Patient...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: Volume restoration is an important component of aesthetic facial rejuvenation, particularly in the brow and upper eyelid regions. In this study, the authors describe transposition of the central, preaponeurotic fat pad in the sub-brow preperiosteal plane with full release of the brow during upper blepharoplasty. Methods: A retrospective review including all patients who underwent transposition of the upper eyelid central, preaponeurotic fat pad at the time of upper blepharoplasty....
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: Congenital ptosis can threaten visual function and is usually treated with surgical correction. This study tests the hypothesis that congenital ptosis involves not only the levator muscle but also the orbital septum, which may tether the eyelid in the primary position. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 30 patients (41 eyelids) with congenital ptosis who underwent surgical correction that included partial septum excision. Histologic analysis was performed by a...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: To investigate the safety and efficacy of direct, intralesional doxycycline hyclate injection for improving the appearance of cosmetically significant lower eyelid festoons and malar edema. Methods: An Institutional Review Board approved, retrospective review was performed of 15 consecutive patients with malar edema and/or festoons injected with doxycycline hyclate at a concentration of 10 mg/ml. Pre- and postinjection photographs were reviewed and graded on a scale of 0 to 3 (0:...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
A 37-year-old woman underwent excision of a congenital melanocytic nevus of the right lower eyelid margin for cosmetic reasons. She suffered from a severe dry eye syndrome which was partially alleviated with various topical eye drops. Histopathology of the excised tissue displayed flecks of calcium that were present within the immediate subepithelial conjunctival fibrous tissue but not the nevocytes or the cutaneous surface. Unlike calcinosis cutis, wherein calcium is deposited within the cutaneous...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Purpose: To highlight the histopathologic diagnostic challenges of small-cell predominant extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENTNKT) of the orbit. Methods: Retrospective chart review and histopathologic study with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of 3 cases. Results: Three cases of ENTNKT presented to the Mass Eye and Ear emergency room as orbital cellulitis over 1 year. The first case was unusual in that there was a predominance of small cells, giving...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
Over a 2-year period, a 68-year-old woman suffered multiple recurrences of left giant fornix syndrome during the repeated tailing of intensive topical steroids and antibiotics; she had also undergone surgery to reduce the left upper fornix. After a further recurrence during tailing of topical therapy for bilateral disease, treatment with 4 times daily preservative-free povidone-iodine 5% eyedrops was started—with a marked improvement of symptoms and signs within a week. The patient is maintained,...
Sun Sep 01, 2019 03:00
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