Abstract NRAS mutations are the most common alterations among RAS isoforms in cutaneous melanoma, with patients harboring these aggressive tumors having a poor prognosis and low survival rate. The main line of treatment for these patients is MAPK pathway‐targeted therapies, such as MEK inhibitors, but, unfortunately, the response to these inhibitors is variable due to tumor resistance. Identifying genetic modifiers involved in resistance toward MEK‐targeted therapy may assist in the development...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 13:20
Abstract Objectives To investigate the impact of adaptive functioning and oral hygiene practices on tooth-brushing performance among preschool children with special health care needs (SHCN). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Special Child Care Centers. Children’s tooth-brushing performance was assessed by a standardized 13-step pro forma. Information...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Gastrin-releasing peptide plays an important role in regulating the advanced functions of the brain including emotional behavior, learning and memory. What’s more, gastrin-releasing peptide levels are also associated with the central nervous system diseases. Our previous study proposed that intraperitoneal injection of gastrin-releasing peptide can improve spatial memory in chronic ischemic model rats. It is well known that the hippocampus is an important brain area related to spatial learning and...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:41
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are glycoproteins N-glycosylated at a specific asparagine residue in the S5-S6 linker region. Previous reports suggested that N-glycosylation-deficient HCN2 N380Q (NQ) channels fail to properly target to the plasma membrane and are unable to form functional ion channels. HCN channels are known to homo- and hetero-oligomerize and it is not known whether HCN2-NQ subunits can oligomerize with wild type (wt) N-glycosylated subunits to...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:41
Objective: Propofol is broadly utilized for maintaining anesthesia. Propofol affects neurodegeneration and neurogenesis by regulation of autophagy via effects on intracellular calcium homeostasis. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, is still unclear. Methods: In the present research, we systematically analyzed the effect of propofol on mouse neuronal cells (cell line: HT-22). Cell Counting Kit-8 assays were utilized to examine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to determine...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:41
Although accumulating evidence suggests that there are significant anatomical and histological differences between the sulci and gyri of the cerebral cortex, whether there is a difference in the distribution of interneurons between the two cortical regions remains largely unknown. In this study, we systematically compared the distributions of parvalbumin-positive interneurons among three neighboring gyrus and sulcus pairs—coronal gyrus and cruciate sulcus, anterior ectosylvian gyrus and rostral suprasylvian...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:41
The trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist RO5263397 effect on sensory gating in C57BL/6 mice was studied. Sensory gating is a mechanism for dosing and filtering the incoming information, by which the brain regulates the responses to sensory stimuli coming from the environment. Sensory gating deficit is considered to be one of the schizophrenia endophenotypes. TAAR1 agonist at a 1 mg/kg dosage contributed to the sensory gating index (S1–S2) increase. Sensory gating index rose due to the...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:41
AlkB family proteins are enzymes that repair alkylated DNA and RNA by oxidative demethylation. Nine homologs have been identified and characterized in mammals. ALKBH1 is conserved among metazoans including Drosophila. Although the ALKBH1 mouse homolog, Alkbh1 functions in neurogenesis, it currently remains unclear whether ALKBH1 plays a role in neuronal disorders induced by ultraviolet-induced DNA damage. We herein demonstrated that the Drosophila ALKBH1 homolog, AlkB contributed to recovery from...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:41
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the expression level of immunoproteasome and its clinical significance in glioma preliminarily. Furthermore, we studied the function and molecular mechanism of proteasome inhibitor ONX 0912 on glioma cell. Materials and methods: The expression of immunoproteasome in glioma and tumor-adjacent brain tissues was detected by western blot. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of low-molecular-mass polypeptide 7 in 55...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:41
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPET) is a potent antioxidant polyphenolic compound. In this study, our objective was to investigate the underlying mechanism of the neuroprotective role of DOPET in attenuating spinal cord injury (SCI). Initially, SCI was induced by performing surgical laminectomy on the rats at T10-T12 level. Then, the neurological function-dependent locomotion was measured using Basso Beattie Bresnahan score, which declined in the SCI-induced group. Increased antioxidant levels such...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:41
Retrieval practice effect refers to better long-term retention enhanced by active retrieval compared to re-studying, which has been widely demonstrated. However, controversies remain as to whether the underlying mechanism of this effect could be attributed to semantic elaboration. We investigated whether retrieval practice and elaboration were equivalent by observing the underlying cognitive processes of the two conditions using corresponding event-related potentials measures of associative memory...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:41
Dendritic spines are divided into four subtypes, namely, Mushroom, Stubby, Thin, and Branched. The mushroom-shaped spines are related to learning and memory. Previous studies have shown that the dendritic cell factor 1 (Dcf1, a transmembrane protein) affects the memory process and regulates the development of dendritic spines by inhibiting the expression of lipocalin 2 (Lcn2, a member of the family containing over 20 small secreted proteins). However, the exact subtype of dendritic spines that are...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:41
Abstract Human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) tend to have good outcomes, however a subset does not share this favourable prognosis. The aim of this paper is to investigate the utility of tumour cell anaplasia and multinucleation as prognostic markers in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Retrospective review of 104 patients with OPSCC or squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary site (SCCUP) who underwent primary resection and/or...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Abstract India has one of the highest incidences of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), with 75,000–80,000 new cases a year. The outcome in early oral cancer is better, but a significant proportion (12–14%) of these patients still relapses and dies due to locoregional or distant recurrences. Several clinicopathological and molecular factors have been used to prognosticate and predict outcomes in these patients of OSCC. The present study aims to validate Brandwein Gensler (BG)...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Abstract Evaluation and comparison of odontogenic keratocysts and detigerous cysts immunoexpression and immunostaining intensities of Ki-67 antigen by assessing the whole extent of the epithelium (all epithelium layers in combination) and each layer individually. Ki-67 immunoexpression was evaluated in 15 odontogenic keratocysts and 6 dentigerous cysts using automated methods and the Aperio Technologies Inc. computer system. No statistically significant differences were observed...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Key PointsCgCLec-HTM was associated with CgSyk to mediate the ERK–Rel pathway. CgERK interacted with CgRel to induce CgRel nuclear translocation. The CgCLec-HTM–mediated pathway induced CgIL-17 and CgTNF production.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsAhR activation leads to induction of MDSCs with immunosuppressive activity. AhR-mediated induction of MDSCs is regulated by microRNA that target CXCR2.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsMore than 80% of H chain–based clones contained cells expressing consistent L chains. L chain junction diversity did not further refine these H chain–based clones. Leveraging additional H chain features could improve B cell clonal inference.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsSpecific Jun family members cooperate with BATF in promoting IL-9 in Th9 cells. Bach2 cooperates with BATF to promote IL-9 in Th9 cells. Expression and function of bZIP factors dictate IL-9 activation in Th17 cells.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsPlasma FB levels are elevated in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic AS. High FB and Bb levels are associated with adverse outcome in severe symptomatic AS. FB may be involved in AS pathogenesis and could operate in the early disease phase.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsATG16L2-deficient mice are viable and exhibit intact canonical autophagy. Intestinal infection reveals ATG16L2–(epithelial) ATG16L1 genetic interaction.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsIn adults, increased IL-33 expression in the lungs per se is not pathologic. In neonates, increased IL-33 results in severe peripheral lung pathology. Pathologic effects of IL-33 in the lungs are age dependent.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsIn vivo treatment with α-GalCer results in hepatic pre-mNK cell expansion. α-GalCer–induced pre-mNK cell expansion is mediated by IL-12 and IL-18. α-GalCer–transactivated pre-mNK cells have tumoricidal/antimetastatic activities.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsMore evidence is provided for the rationale behind the name of chicken IRF7. Chicken IRF7 participates in both MAVS- and STING-mediated IFN-β regulation. Chicken STING mediates the activation of IRF7 through a conserved SLQxSyS motif.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsAmniotic fluid T cells are of fetal origin and functional in preterm gestations. Amniotic fluid T cells are increased in women with idiopathic preterm labor and birth. Intra-amniotic injection of activated neonatal T cells induces preterm birth in mice.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsActive immunization with DJ NS1 plus NS3 induces a strong Ab response. Active immunization with DJ NS1 plus NS3 induces specific T cell responses. Combined DJ NS1 plus NS3 provides enhanced protection against DENV infection.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsTreg cells regulate PF4/heparin-specific Ab production through IL-10. Treg cells are important for the pathogenesis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsEmergence of class I/II and Ag receptor genes is proposed via comparative genomics. Nonrearranging Ag receptor–like genes were identified in MHC paralogous regions. Ancient translocation of an MHC genomic region including CD1 genes was discovered and named "MHCtrans."
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsCD14+ monocytes are the main producers of IL-23 in LPS-stimulated human PBMCs. Immunoproteasome inhibition selectively kills human monocytes. The immunoproteasome is required to maintain protein turnover in monocytes.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointspM doses of CCL2 are effective in suppressing MOG-induced EAE. The modulation of EAE by CCL2 is associated with downregulation of Th1/Th17 cells. pM levels of CCL2 induce formation of highly functional Tregs.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsIncreased mTNF and defect in M2-like macrophages are biomarkers specific to RA. Increase in miR155 is responsible for this defect and could be a new target for therapeutic strategies.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsAnnexin A1 expression is reduced in T cells from naive-to-treatment RRMS subjects. Annexin A1 levels correlate inversely with disease clinical score. Annexin A1 reduces T cell activation, proliferation, and glycolysis.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsNK activation receptor–dependent IFN- requires additional signals. Cytokine stimulation, but not activation receptor stimulation, induces Ifng transcription. Activation receptor ligation stimulates IFN- translation through TPL2.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsLSD1 is necessary for marginal zone B cell development. LSD1 represses the follicular B cell and myeloid programs. With noncanonical NF-B, LSD1 regulates marginal zone B cell development.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsUBL4A is a novel IFN-stimulated gene. UBL4A positively regulates innate immune response. UBL4A interacts with and targets TRAF6 for K63-linked ubiquitination.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsHuman-derived IgE and allergens were used to study IgE-mediated cellular activation. Multivalent allergens can effectively cross-link low-affinity IgE–FcRI complexes. Epitope orientation and spacing can improve IgE–FcRI cross-linking.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsSepsis induces transcription of suppressive genes in innate and adaptive immune cells. Sepsis, trauma, and cancer share many common immunosuppressive mechanisms. Monocytic transcriptomic changes during sepsis are markedly suppressive.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsEAE but not pregnancy increases TCRβ clonality in Tcon and Treg. Pregnancy is required for expansion of TRBV13-2–positive Treg. Pregnancy is required for expansion of EAE-related Treg clonotypes.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsMSC EV may stimulate increased antimicrobial activity during bacterial pneumonia. Increased antimicrobial activity is associated with increased LTB4 production. MSC EV may increase LTB4 production via transfer of miR145 to target cells.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsUCH-L1 expression and activity in DCs are regulated by immune stimuli. Cross-priming of the CD8 T cell response is affected by UCH-L1. MHC I recycling for cross-presentation is promoted by UCH-L1.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsA mouse model of granuloma induced by intrathecal morphine was established. Mast cell–specific receptor MrgprB2 is essential for granuloma pathogenesis. Activation of MrgprB2 in mast cells promote granuloma-related cell recruitment.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsCD180 Ag targeting facilitates Ag presentation by B cells to CD4+ T cells. Immature B cells are sufficient for TFH cell maturation. Compared with CD180, CD40 targeting induces slower and lower-affinity IgG responses.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsAsp53 residue of β2M is important in forming a complex with Met93 of ESAT-6. SM09 and SM15 rescued ESAT-6–mediated downregulation of MHC class I Ag presentation. SM09 and SM15 inhibited survival of M. tuberculosis inside the macrophage.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsMany primary human cancers frequently downregulate the transcription factor IRF2. IRF2 loss causes an immune evasion phenotype of low MHC-I and high PD-L1. The MHC-I defect in IRF2-low cells can be restored upon IFN stimulation.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Key PointsAnti-OX40 treatment does not impair TIL Treg suppressive function. OX40 ligation enhances Treg and Tconv proliferation through Tconv cell IL-2 secretion. TIL Tregs proliferate and produce Th1 cytokines after anti-OX40 treatment.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
Tue Sep 24, 2019 20:38
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