Abstract Background Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an Autosomal dominant inherited disorder and a rare form of colorectal cancer (CRC) that is characterized by the development of hundreds to thousands of adenomas in the rectum and colon. Mostly, cancers develop after the advent of the polyps. It appears in both sexes evenly, and the occurrence of the disease is in the second decade of life. Mitochondrial genome mutations have...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) breaks in sitting time might attenuate metabolic markers relevant to the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Objectives The primary aim of this paper was to systematically review and meta-analyse trials that compared the effects of breaking up prolonged sitting with bouts of PA throughout the day (INT) versus continuous...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Here is brief teaching video about rare leukodystrophy, Pelizaeus Merzbacher Disease Famous Radiology Blog http://www.sumerdoc.blogspot.com TeleRad Providers at www.teleradproviders.com Mail us at sales@teleradproviders.com
Tue Sep 24, 2019 10:05
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to systematically investigate whether, and to what extent, the detection of thyroid autoimmunity during pregnancy and in the weeks after childbirth is associated with an increased risk of developing post-partum depression (PPD), a condition associated with possible adverse outcomes for both mother and offspring. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies, assessing...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Plaque assay has been used for a long time to determine infectious titers and characterize prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses forming plaques. Indeed, plaque morphology and dimensions can provide information regarding the replication kinetics and the virulence of a particular virus. In this work, we present ViralPlaque, a fast, open-source and versatile ImageJ macro for the automated determination of viral plaque dimensions from digital images. Also, a machine learning plugin is integrated in the...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Evolutionary relationships among plants have been inferred primarily using chloroplast data. To date, no study has comprehensively examined the plastome for gene tree conflict. Using a broad sampling of angiosperm plastomes, we characterize gene tree conflict among plastid genes at various time scales and explore correlates to conflict (e.g., evolutionary rate, gene length, molecule type). We uncover notable gene tree conflict against a backdrop of largely uninformative genes. We find alignment length...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Estimating flowering transition dates from status-based phenological observations: a test of methods
The scale of phenological research has expanded due to the digitization of herbarium specimens and volunteer based contributions. These data are status-based, representing the presence or absence of a specific phenophase. Modelling the progress of plant dormancy to growth and reproduction and back to dormancy requires estimating the transition dates from these status-based observations. There are several methods available for this ranging from statistical moments using the day of year to newly introduced...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Background Chloroplast genomes provide insufficient phylogenetic information to distinguish between closely related sugarcane cultivars, due to the recent origin of many cultivars and the conserved sequence of the chloroplast. In comparison, the mitochondrial genome of plants is much larger and more plastic and could contain increased phylogenetic signals. We assembled a consensus reference mitochondrion with Illumina TruSeq synthetic long reads and Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION long reads....
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Coral reef resilience depends on the balance between carbonate precipitation, leading to reef growth, and carbonate degradation, for example, through bioerosion. Changes in environmental conditions are likely to affect the two processes differently, thereby shifting the balance between reef growth and degradation. In cold-water corals estimates of accretion-erosion processes in their natural habitat are scarce and solely live coral growth rates were studied with regard to future environmental changes...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
The hypothalamus has an integral role in energy homeostasis regulation, and its dysfunctions lead to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Physical activity positively affects the prevention and treatment of T2D. However, there is not much information on the adaptive mechanisms of the hypothalamus. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to determine how acute exercise affects hypothalamic transcriptome from both type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and control Wistar rats with or without a single...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
A new tanaidacean, Tanaella quintanai sp. nov., is described based on specimens collected from depths of 1,598 to 2,853 m during 2014–2015. The new species appears to be most closely related to the western Atlantic species, T. kroyeri and T. mclellandi. Tanaella quintanai can be separated from the two former, as well as from the other members of the genus by a combination of characters, including (1) a labium with apical lobe bearing one blunt seta (2) a cheliped with the inner margin of the dactylus...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Background Later line chemotherapy (≥2nd lines) such as Docetaxel or immunotherapy is frequently used. As the life expectancy of lung cancer patients is getting longer, we need to provide more treatment options. Other treatment options are not well documented except for Doxetaxel and immunotherapy. Therefore, the efficacy of paclitaxel plus TS1 (TTS1) is warranted. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the chart records...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
Background In Canada, the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) evaluates and makes recommendations for the reimbursement of cancer drugs. One component of its recommendation is based on an economic evaluation, which typically takes the form of a cost‐utility analysis. A cost‐utility analysis measures the effects of competing therapies with quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs). The data for this calculation typically come from generic, preference‐based measures of health‐related...
Mon Sep 23, 2019 11:01
Abstract Purpose The aims of the study were to compare the risk of complications and the quality of life in patients with corticotrope deficiency, who fasted during Ramadan. Both hydrocortisone and prednisolone were compared as treatments. Methods A randomized double-blind crossover clinical trial conducted in the department of Endocrinology of the University...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 03:00
The past few decades have seen rapid changes in speech-language pathology in terms of technology, information on speech production and perception, and increasing levels of multilingualism in communities. This tutorial provides an overview of phonetic transcription for the modern world, both for work with clients, and for research and training. The authors draw on their backgrounds in phonetics, phonology and speech-language pathology, and their crosslinguistic project in the phonological acquisition...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 11:12
Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop an exercise protocol to improve maximal mouth opening (MMO), tongue protrusion (Tprot), tongue strength (Tstren), and lip strength (Lstren), and to assess its effects on subjects with scleroderma. Methods: We performed four replicated single-system studies in a consecutive sample of subjects with scleroderma. An instrumented assessment measured MMO, Tprot, Tstren, and Lstren. Each day, subjects were assessed and performed orofacial exercises conducted...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 11:12
Splenic metastases are rare and usually occur in cases of disseminated disease. We report a case of a patient who had isolated splenic metastases with a previous history of left nephrectomy due to a renal cell carcinoma 11 years before. The aim of this report is to describe the case and review the literature of isolated splenic metastases due to renal carcinoma. This case emphasizes the importance of considering splenic metastatic disease even after many years of diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.
Tue Sep 24, 2019 09:05
Background The mechanisms underlying mucosal eosinophilia in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) remain poorly clarified. The nervous system and neuropeptides play an important role in the regulation of immune response. Herein we explore the expression and function of hemokinin‐1 (HK‐1), a newly identified tachykinin, along with its receptor neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) in CRSwNP. Methods HK‐1, NK1R, and C‐C motif chemokine ligand 24 (CCL24) expression in nasal tissues (53 eosinophilic...
Mon Sep 23, 2019 11:54
Background gammadelta (γδ) T cells play important roles in allergic lower airway inflammation. However, little is known about their infiltration pattern in the nasal mucosa during upper airway inflammation. This study investigated γδ T cell distribution in nasal tissues of allergic rhinitis (AR) patients and the relationship between γδ T cells and other inflammatory cell types. Methods A total of 30 patients with septal deviation were examined, including 22 with and 8 without AR. The localization...
Mon Sep 23, 2019 11:58
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma represents an important subgroup of head and neck cancer, but HPV occurs also in the less common neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway appears to be activated in pulmonary NEC and correlates with a higher mutation burden, but the potential of NEC to respond to checkpoint inhibitors is unknown to a large extent. Objectives: To determine the HPV status of NEC of the head and neck region and to investigate...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 11:40
Abstract Syndecan‐1 (CD138) is a transmembrane proteoglycan expressed in normal and malignant tissues. It is of interest because of a possible prognostic effect in tumors and as a target for Indatuximab, a monoclonal antibody coupled to a cytotoxic agent. To assess the prognostic role of CD138 expression in breast cancer (BCa), a tissue microarray containing 1535 BCa specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cytoplasmic, membranous, and stromal CD138 staining was separately analyzed. In normal...
Mon Sep 23, 2019 13:59
Abstract Differentiation antagonizing non‐protein coding RNA (DANCR) is a newly identified oncogenic long noncoding RNA found in various cancers. However, the functional role of DANCR in tumor angiogenesis and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The expression of DANCR was determined in ovarian malignant tissues and cell lines. The functional role of DANCR in tumor angiogenesis was revealed by the following methods: CD31 staining of ovarian tumor tissues, matrigel‐plug assay tissues, HUVEC‐related...
Mon Sep 23, 2019 13:59
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Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
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Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
Related ArticlesIsolation of Leukocytes from Human Breast Milk for Use in an Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis Assay of HIV Targets. J Vis Exp. 2019 Sep 06;(151): Authors: Powell RLR, Fox A Abstract Even in the absence of antiretroviral drugs, only ~15% of infants breastfed by HIV-infected mothers become infected, suggesting a strong protective effect of breast milk (BM). Unless access to clean water and appropriate infant formula is reliable,...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
Related ArticlesSplit Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements. J Vis Exp. 2019 Sep 07;(151): Authors: Conrad BM, Johnson MR Abstract Researchers from myriad fields frequently seek to quantify and classify concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols as organic carbon (OC) or elemental carbon (EC). This is commonly accomplished using thermal-optical OC/EC analyzers (TOAs), which enable measurement...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
Related ArticlesA Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences. J Vis Exp. 2019 Sep 04;(151): Authors: Villanueva I, Husman J, Christensen D, Youmans K, Khan MT, Vicioso P, Lampkins S, Graham MC Abstract Over the past ten years, research into students' emotions in educational environments has increased. Although researchers have called for more studies that rely on objective measures...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
Related ArticlesHierarchical and Programmable One-Pot Oligosaccharide Synthesis. J Vis Exp. 2019 Sep 06;(151): Authors: Cheng CW, Zhou Y, Pan WH, Dey S, Wu CY, Hsu WL, Wong CH Abstract This article presents a general experimental protocol for programmable one-pot oligosaccharide synthesis and demonstrates how to use Auto-CHO software for generating potential synthetic solutions. The programmable one-pot oligosaccharide synthesis approach is designed...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
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Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
Related ArticlesA FACS-based Protocol to Isolate RNA from the Secondary Cells of Drosophila Male Accessory Glands. J Vis Exp. 2019 Sep 05;(151): Authors: Immarigeon C, Karch F, Maeda RK Abstract To understand the function of an organ, it is often useful to understand the role of its constituent cell populations. Unfortunately, the rarity of individual cell populations often makes it difficult to obtain enough material for molecular studies. For example,...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
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Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
Related ArticlesApplication of 3D Printing in the Construction of Burr Hole Ring for Deep Brain Stimulation Implants. J Vis Exp. 2019 Sep 07;(151): Authors: Chen J, Chen X, Lv S, Zhang Y, Long H, Yang K, Qi S, Zhang W, Wang J Abstract 3D printing has been widely applied in the medical field since the 1980s, especially in surgery, such as preoperative simulation, anatomical learning and surgical training. This raises the possibility of using 3D printing...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
Related ArticlesPooled CRISPR-Based Genetic Screens in Mammalian Cells. J Vis Exp. 2019 Sep 04;(151): Authors: Chan K, Tong AHY, Brown KR, Mero P, Moffat J Abstract Genome editing using the CRISPR-Cas system has vastly advanced the ability to precisely edit the genomes of various organisms. In the context of mammalian cells, this technology represents a novel means to perform genome-wide genetic screens for functional genomics studies. Libraries of guide...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
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Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
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Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
Related ArticlesExamining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks. J Vis Exp. 2019 Sep 05;(151): Authors: Cheng T, Wu JT Abstract Working memory (WM) plays a central role in the comprehension of complex sentences. Its function in the processing of spoken complex sentences is especially evident because spoken complex sentence processing is memory-intensive. The dual-modal interference paradigm...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
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Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
Related ArticlesUse of Micro X-ray Computed Tomography with Phosphotungstic Acid Preparation to Visualize Human Fibromuscular Tissue. J Vis Exp. 2019 Sep 05;(151): Authors: O J, Kwon HJ, Kim SH, Cho TH, Yang HM Abstract Manual dissection and histological observation are common methods used to investigate human tissues. However, manual dissection can damage delicate structures while processing and histological observation provide limited information through...
Tue Sep 24, 2019 15:03
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