Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an unusual risk factor for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). As few CVST patients with SLE have been reported, little is known regarding its frequency as an underlying etiology, clinical characteristics, or long-term outcome. We evaluated a large cohort of CVST patients with SLE in a multicenter study of cerebral venous thrombosis, the VENOST study, and their clinical characteristics.
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Background: Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rt-PA) prior to thrombectomy may reduce the risk of intraprocedural distal embolization in acute ischemic stroke patients. Methods: We analyzed the diffusion-weighted imaging acquired with 1.5- or 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans obtained within 24 hours of thrombectomy in consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients. An independent physician identified distal embolization, defined as discrete foci of restricted diffusion...
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Background and Purpose: In the existing model of community health service in China, community general practitioners play important roles in health promotion as well as prehospital stroke recognition and management. We recently engineered Stroke 120 based on FAST for China. This investigation aimed to investigate its acceptance in community physicians and promote their stroke related knowledge. Methods: We conducted an stroke education session to community physicians or family doctors (total of 435...
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Purpose: Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a novel non-invasive non-ionising imaging technique that allows longitudinal imaging of tumor vasculature in vivo and monitoring of response to therapy, especially for vascular targeted chemotherapy agents. In this study we used a novel high resolution all optical PAI scanner to observe the pharmacodynamic response to the vascular disrupting agent OXi4503. Experimental Design: two models of colorectal carcinoma (SW1222 and LS174T) that possess differing pathophysiological...
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Fermentation of chemicals from lignocellulose hydrolysate is an effective way to alleviate environmental and energy problems. However, fermentation inhibitors in hydrolysate and weak inhibitor tolerance of mic...
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Vesikari T, Vaheri A, Pittay O, Kunnas M. J Pediatr 1969; 75:658-64.
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In this volume of The Journal, Chubb et al report the results of a survey of pediatric cardiac electrophysiologists on the management of patients identified with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) pattern on electrocardiogram (ECG) with no symptoms. They report that many electrophysiologists are being more aggressive about using invasive electrophysiology studies with subsequent ablation as treatment than the most current guidelines would suggest.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of bacterial infections in children, including meningitis, bacteremia, bacteremic pneumonia, empyema, and mucosal infections such as otitis media and non-bacteremic pneumonia. After the implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), worldwide, the burden of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) and non-invasive pneumococcal diseases due to vaccine serotypes (VTs) greatly decreased in children.1 However, since 2015, several European countries...
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In the commentary “AR101 prevents peanut allergy reactions in highly peanut-allergic children” by Rodríguez del Río included in the Current Best Evidence section (J Pediatr 2019;208:294-7), part of a sentence was not included. The full sentence should read “A single 300 mg peanut protein dose (secondary outcome) did not induce significant symptoms in 76.6% of actively treated subjects.”
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The risk of child abuse and neglect is greatest in early childhood and is associated with adverse psychosocial well-being over the lifespan. The true prevalence is difficult to quantify and there are often large discrepancies between actual maltreatment, reports to authorities, and confirmation by authorities. Shan et al attempt to determine the prevalence of maltreatment by collecting parental reports about 20 324 children aged 3-4 years who were enrolling into 191 kindergartens in Shanghai, China.
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Patient- and family-centered care is a term that resonates in nearly all children’s hospitals and has been endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2011-3084). Although the Academy endorses the principle that “Pediatricians should advocate for and participate in research on outcomes and implementation of patient- and family-centered care in all venues of care,” such research is all too often undervalued or not undertaken. Sometimes outcomes are considered...
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood and adolescence affecting between 8% and 12% of all US children. The 2013 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), expanded the age for first symptoms from before 7 to before 12 years of age, and the 2015 to 2016 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) showed a significant increase from 6% to 10% in parent-reported diagnosis of ADHD in children between 4 and...
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Brownlee RC, DeLoache WR, Cowan CC, Jackson HP. J Pediatr 1969;75:636-42.
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Clyman et al recently published an international multicenter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) trial—the Tolerate Trial—to evaluate routine PDA pharmacologic treatment of PDA or delayed treatment for increasing findings of PDA related abnormalities (J Pediatr 2019:205:41–8.e6). The early treatment to achieve closure did not improve overall outcomes, a clear indication that a conservative approach may be preferable. However, despite agreement at the clinical sites that there was equipoise for the 2 approaches...
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Rapidly improving technology has allowed better, quicker, and cheaper evaluation of genetic abnormalities, including genetic analysis, which can be utilized in diagnosis and treatment decisions. However, despite the great promise of genetic testing, there remain limitations that are important for clinicians to understand. In this volume of The Journal, Wojcik et al describe a case where initial genetic testing for a child with phenotypic early onset Marfan Syndrome was negative. Ultimately, genome...
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Recent federal challenges to children's healthcare suggest an increased need for pediatric advocacy efforts to articulate a medical perspective on child health policy issues.1,2 Attempts to change the funding structure of Medicaid via block grants, reductions in funding for teen pregnancy prevention, delays in reauthorizing the Children's Health Insurance Program, and actions to undermine the Affordable Care Act threaten the pediatric population's access to care.3-5 Academic pediatricians, whose...
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In the article, “Higher Gestational Choline Levels in Maternal Infection Are Protective for Infant Brain Development” by Freedman et al (J Pediatr 2019;208:198-206.e2), the authors incorrectly described the Infant Behavioral Questionnaire Revised-Short (IBQ-R) Form as completed at 1 year of age. The IBQ-R was completed at 52 weeks gestational age, generally 3 months post birth.
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To characterize the incidence of adverse events (AEs) associated with antibiotics used to treat acute otitis media in children.
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Controversy has arisen during the past decade or so regarding the medical and public health management of acute group A streptococcal pharyngitis (GAS) in children and adolescents. In particular, as the incidence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in many developed countries has declined, the need for testing throat swabs for GAS as an essential part of the routine evaluation of acute pharyngitis in childhood has been called into question.1 In a recent “Perspective” published in Circulation, Berkley...
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To evaluate the hypothesis that feeding volumes exceeding 100 mL/kg/d and exposure to cow's milk formula preoperatively increase the risk for preoperative necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in infants with complex congenital heart disease.
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To investigate the risk of critical illness by age group among young children without a chronic condition presenting to the emergency department (ED) with suspected influenza.
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To explore the associations between nutrition in the first 28 days after birth with somatic growth from birth to term-equivalent age, brain volumes at term-equivalent age, and neurodevelopment at 24 months of corrected age.
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A term 12-day-old girl was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for the assessment of speckled black small spines on her back with accompanying consistent skin erythema and low-grade fever. The child's family had repeatedly rubbed the child's back with raw egg whites on the day before her presentation. The back was covered in diffuse erythema with clear boundaries and needle tip-sized black spots evenly distributed on the skin surface. Palpation revealed that these structures were mainly...
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To determine the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunomodulatory effects of a 6-week course of atorvastatin in patients with acute Kawasaki disease with coronary artery (CA) aneurysm (CAA).
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ZFP36L1 is a tandem zinc-finger RNA-binding protein that recognizes conserved Adenylate-Uridylate-rich elements (AREs) located in 3'untranslated regions (UTRs) to mediate mRNA decay. We hypothesized that ZFP36L1 is a negative regulator of a post-transcriptional hub involved in mRNA half-life regulation of cancer-related transcripts. Analysis of in silico data revealed that ZFP36L1 was significantly mutated, epigenetically silenced and downregulated in a variety of cancers. Forced expression of ZFP36L1...
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Patients with increased liver stiffness have a higher risk of developing cancer; however, the role of fluid-solid tissue interactions and their contribution to liver tumor malignancy remains elusive. Tomoelastography is a novel imaging method for mapping quantitatively the solid-fluid tissue properties of soft tissues in vivo. It provides high resolution and thus has clear clinical applications. In this work we used tomoelastography in 77 patients, with a total of 141 focal liver lesions of different...
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The tumor suppressor gene ATRX is frequently mutated in a variety of tumors including gliomas and liver cancers, which are highly unresponsive to current therapies. Here, we performed a genome-wide synthetic lethal screen, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, to identify potential therapeutic targets specific for ATRX-mutated cancers. In isogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines engineered for ATRX loss, we identified 58 genes, including the checkpoint kinase WEE1, uniquely required for the...
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Molecular characterization of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), one of the major subtypes of lung cancer, has not sufficiently improved its non-stratified treatment strategies over decades. Accumulating evidence suggests that lineage-specific transcriptional regulators control differentiation states during cancer evolution, and underlie their distinct biological behaviors. In this study, by investigating the super-enhancer landscape of LUSC, we identified a previously undescribed 'neural' subtype...
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 25 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0580-9Type 2 diabetes mellitus, blood cholesterol, triglyceride and colorectal cancer risk in Lynch syndrome
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British Journal of Cancer, Published online: 25 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0586-3Systemic MEK inhibition enhances the efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy
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