Hypothesis: A novel cochlea implant (CI) device magnet providing alignment to the static field of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will lead to reduced torque, longitudinal forces, and demagnetization effects. The image void and distortion will be comparable to those obtained with standard CI magnets. Background: MRI investigations of CI users pose several challenges such as magnet dislocation, demagnetization, and may cause pain. The presence of a CI magnet within MRI field causes image...
Mon Sep 16, 2019 03:00
Objectives: 1) To provide information on the treatment of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) with transtemporal extraluminal sigmoid sinus angioplasty (ESSA); and 2) to discuss the current clinical management of PT. Study Design: This was a retrospective study. Settings: Multi-institutional tertiary university medical centers. Patients: Fifty-four PT patients with transverse–sigmoid sinus enlargement and prominent transverse–sigmoid junction with or without sigmoid sinus wall anomalies or...
Mon Sep 16, 2019 03:00
Introduction: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is often used in diagnostic evaluation of tinnitus patients. Incidental findings like a neurovascular conflict (NVC) in the cerebellopontine angle are often found; however, the diagnostic value of this finding remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the type or degree of compression of the vestibulocochlear nerve is of diagnostic value in patients with a NVC. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 111 tinnitus...
Mon Sep 16, 2019 03:00
Hypothesis: Both toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and downstream neutrophil activity are required for endotoxemia-enhanced blood–labyrinth barrier (BLB) trafficking. Background: Aminoglycoside and cisplatin are valuable clinical therapies; however, these drugs often cause life-long hearing loss. Endotoxemia enhances the ototoxicity of aminoglycosides and cisplatin in a TLR4 dependent mechanism for which downstream proinflammatory signaling orchestrates effector immune cells including neutrophils....
Mon Sep 16, 2019 03:00
Objective: To investigate if the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) is predictive for developing bilateral Menière's disease (MD). Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary care center. Patients: Records of 71 patients previously diagnosed with unilateral MD at our institution who underwent cVEMP testing between 2002 and 2011 were screened. Intervention: Patients were contacted to answer a questionnaire to identify which patients had developed...
Mon Sep 16, 2019 03:00
Outcome Objectives: Demonstrate feasibility of performing endoscopic transcanal lateral graft tympanoplasty. Compare audiometric and clinical outcomes of transcanal endoscopic lateral graft with previously reported outcomes of microscopic post-auricular lateral graft tympanoplasty. Methods: A retrospective review of sequential pediatric and adult endoscopic transcanal lateral graft tympanoplasties (type I) performed between May 2014 and August 2015 at a single institution by two experienced...
Mon Sep 16, 2019 03:00
Purpose of review To critically appraise the recent most relevant studies in the rapidly advancing field of food oral and sublingual immunotherapy. Recent findings Food allergen-specific immunotherapy via oral (OIT) and sublingual route (SLIT) increases the threshold of reactivity to peanut, cow's milk, egg, wheat, and many other foods in the majority of the treated individuals. This desensitized state is contingent upon the continued ingestion of the maintenance doses of the food. Permanent...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Purpose of review Eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) is an intractable otitis media characterized by numerous eosinophils infiltrating the middle ear cavity, which is part of the upper airway. EOM shows a high rate of comorbidity with asthma. They are considered to have a ‘one airway, one disease’ relationship. Here, we summarize our current knowledge regarding the characteristics of EOM, EOM's relationship with asthma and the efficacy of optimal treatments for EOM. Recent findings The greater...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Purpose: The immuno-modulatory activity of DNA hypomethylating agents (DHA) suggests they may improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies. The phase 1b NIBIT-M4 trial tested this hypothesis using the next-generation DHA guadecitabine combined with ipilimumab. Experimental Design: Unresectable Stage III/IV melanoma patients received escalating doses of guadecitabine 30, 45 or 60 mg/m2/day subcutaneously on Days 1-5 every 3 weeks, and ipilimumab 3 mg/kg intravenously on Day 1 every 3 weeks,...
Tue Sep 17, 2019 16:11
Purpose: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is expressed at high levels by glioma cells and contributes to the malignant phenotype of glioblastoma. However, its therapeutic targeting remains challenging. Here, we examined an alternative therapeutic approach of TGF-β inhibition using two novel phosphorothioate-locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotide gapmers, ISTH1047 and ISTH0047, which specifically target TGF-β1 and TGF-β2.Experimental Design: We characterized the effects of...
Tue Sep 17, 2019 16:11
Related ArticlesIdentification of calcium, sodium, magnesium and chloride ion levels in hypertensive and non-hypertensive trinidadians. Int J Biochem Mol Biol. 2019;10(3):17-22 Authors: Gadad A, Mohammed S, Sundaram V, Nayak SB, Mohammed AR, Ramnanansingh TG Abstract Hypertension is a progressive cardiovascular disease with association to risk factors. These risk factors in conjunction with essential elements has become identifiable with the development...
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Related ArticlesThe ability of salts to stabilize proteins in vivo or intracellularly correlates with the Hofmeister series of ions. Int J Biochem Mol Biol. 2019;10(3):23-31 Authors: Hani FM, Cole AE, Altman E Abstract Numerous studies have been conducted on the ability of salts to stabilize proteins in vitro using purified proteins demonstrating the fact that the ability of salts to stabilize proteins correlates with the Hofmeister series of ions. Using...
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Related ArticlesDependence of DNA looping on Escherichia coli culture density. Int J Biochem Mol Biol. 2019;10(3):32-41 Authors: Peters JP, Rao VN, Becker NA, Maher LJ Abstract Repression of a promoter by entrapment within a tightly bent DNA loop is a common mechanism of gene regulation in bacteria. Besides the mechanical properties of the looped DNA and affinity of the protein that anchors the loop, cellular energetics and DNA negative supercoiling...
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Abstract: A 67-year-old woman presented with acute loss of vision to no light perception (NLP), a right afferent pupillary defect, and anisocoria with a nonreactive and dilated pupil in the right eye. Fundus examination showed pallid optic disc edema and a central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in the right eye. A temporal artery biopsy showed giant cell arteritis (GCA). Orbital involvement in GCA has been reported previously. However the combination of an afferent and efferent pupillary defect,...
Tue Sep 10, 2019 03:00
The insulin superfamily proteins (ISPs), in particular, insulin, IGFs and relaxins are key modulators of animal physiology. They are known to have evolved from the same ancestral gene and have diverged into proteins with varied sequences and distinct functions, but maintain a similar structural architecture stabilized by highly conserved disulphide bridges. A recent surge of sequence data and the structures of these proteins prompted a need for a comprehensive analysis which connects the evolution...
Tue Sep 17, 2019 03:00
Acanthamoeba castellanii species complex (genotype T4) comprises of more than ten species with unclear synonymy, as molecular phylogeny has several conflicts with published morphological data. In this paper, we analyze quantitative traits and temperature preferences in six new strains belonging to A. castellanii complex isolated from Arctic permafrost in the framework of molecular phylogeny. This integrative approach allows us to cross-link genotypic and phenotypic variability and identify species-level...
Tue Sep 17, 2019 03:00
Novel pathogens can cause massive declines in populations, but seldom lead to extirpation of hosts. Rather, disease can act as a selective pressure on survivors, driving the evolution of resistance or tolerance. Bat white-nose syndrome (WNS) is a rapidly spreading wildlife disease in North America. The fungus causing the disease invades skin tissues of hibernating bats, resulting in disruption of hibernation behaviour, premature energy depletion, and subsequent death. We use whole-genome sequencing...
Tue Sep 17, 2019 03:00
Understanding the molecular basis of adaptation to the environment is a central question in evolutionary biology, yet linking detected signatures of positive selection to molecular mechanisms remains challenging. Here we demonstrate that combining sequence-based phylogenetic methods with structural information assists in making such mechanistic interpretations on a genomic scale. Our integrative analysis shows that positively selected sites tend to co-localise on protein structures and that positively...
Tue Sep 17, 2019 03:00
Whether hybridization generates or erodes species diversity has long been debated, but to date most studies have been conducted at small taxonomic scales. Salamanders (order Caudata) represent a taxonomic order in which hybridization plays a prevalent ecological and evolutionary role. We employed a recently developed model of trait-dependent diversification to test the hypothesis that hybridization impacts the diversification dynamics of species that are currently hybridizing. We find strong evidence...
Tue Sep 17, 2019 03:00
Purpose To measure the SUVs in the tail of the pancreas compared with normal liver parenchyma and somatostatin receptor–positive lesions. Materials and Methods 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/low mAs CT of 35 patients were reviewed. Results There was no significant difference (P = 0.59) between the SUVaverage of normal liver and the SUVpeak of normal tail. Five patients had uptake in the tail slightly above that of normal liver that were interpreted equivocally. In one of these patients with 68Ga-DOTATATE...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Papillary carcinoma of thyroid (PTC) is the most common neoplasm of the thyroid gland that usually invades lymphatics rather than blood vessels. Hematogenous metastasis of PTC is rare, and distant metastasis to the liver is even rarer. Selective internal radiation therapy with 90Y microspheres is a well-recognized technique in the treatment of liver metastases. Herein, we present a case of PTC with radioactive iodine-negative hepatic metastasis detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT and treated with selective...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Primary retroperitoneal liposarcoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor. Herein, we report a case with an incidentally detected giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT during primary staging for prostate cancer. Received for publication March 4, 2019; revision accepted July 3, 2019. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Correspondence to: Selin Kesim, MD, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Marmara University Istanbul Pendik Training and Research Hospital,...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Approximately 5% to 15% cases of endogenous Cushing syndrome are due to ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)–producing neuroendocrine tumors, which are commonly located in bronchopulmonary system, thymus, and gastrointestinal tract including pancreas. Although carcinoid tumors of the appendix are revealed in 0.3% of patients undergoing routine appendectomy, ACTH-secreting appendicular carcinoid is a rare entity. We present a case of a 22-year-old woman with ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
We present a case of a 19-year-old woman with Ewing sarcoma of the iliac bone in whom 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC PET/CT showed high radiotracer activity in the primary tumor. The present case documents the in vivo expression of PSMA in Ewing sarcoma family of tumors and adds on to the list of nonprostatic malignancies showing PSMA expression. Received for publication April 26, 2019; revision accepted July 4, 2019. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Correspondence to: Bhagwant...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Purpose As well as in many others cancers, FDG uptake is correlated with the degree of malignancy in gliomas, that is, commonly high FDG uptake in high-grade gliomas. However, in clinical practice, it is not uncommon to observe high-grade gliomas with low FDG uptake. Our aim was to explore the tumor metabolism in 2 populations of high-grade gliomas presenting high or low FDG uptake. Methods High-resolution magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was realized on tissue...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
A 59-year-old man had developed within a few months walking disorders and rigidity of the left upper limb. 123I-FP-CIT SPECT/CT was performed in response to the suspicion of atypical parkinsonian syndrome. It showed an anomaly in presynaptic dopaminergic transmission on the right striatum and a voluminous expansive process on CT. MRI revealed an atypical meningioma. The patient had surgery for tumor removal. Later 123I-FP-CIT SPECT/CT showed normalization of presynaptic dopaminergic transmission...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Purpose Based on the possibility that early-phase florbetaben (E-FBB) brain PET can be a surrogate for brain perfusion imaging, we conducted this study to investigate the clinical utility of E-FBB PET instead of 18F-FDG brain PET. Materials and Methods This prospective study included 35 patients with clinical suspicion of cognitive decline or dementia and 5 healthy controls. Brain MRI, E-FBB PET, late-phase FBB PET, and FDG PET were acquired. The regional SUV ratios (SUVRs) were calculated...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
We present a case with a large gallbladder stone showing central hypermetabolism detected incidentally by an FDG PET/CT scan. However, the same gallbladder stone did not showed any FDG activity on the FDG PET/CT scan performed 2 years ago. The mechanism of variable FDG uptake in the same gallbladder stone is unclear, which needs further investigation. Received for publication June 17, 2019; revision accepted July 9, 2019. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared. Correspondence...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Computed tomography (CT) of a 68-year-old man showed multiple small nodules in the bilateral lungs (maximum 14 mm in the left upper lobe). CT-guided biopsy of left upper lobe lesion showed no tumor or granuloma. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT showed multiple nodules with background-to-mild FDG-avid activity, and an incidental left scrotal skin lesion with intensely increased accumulation of 18F-FDG (SUVmax, 11.7), suspected malignant. After urologist consultation, local dermatological findings suggested...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
A 67-year-old man had a slowly progressing impairment of recent memory. Cerebral angiography showed atherosclerotic occlusion of the right internal carotid artery with insufficient collateral circulation. Positron emission tomography (PET) using 15O2 gas showed reduced cerebral blood flow, reduced cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, and elevated oxygen extraction fraction in the precentral region of the right cerebral hemisphere. Use of 18F-florbetapir PET depicted amyloid β deposition as decreased...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
An 85-year-old woman presented with decreased visual acuity. MRI of the brain revealed bilateral orbital masses, and FDG-PET/CT demonstrated moderate to intense uptake in the orbital tumors and thickened skin on the left lower leg. Biopsies of the orbital and cutaneous lesions revealed infiltration by T-cell lymphoma, and the presence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 antigens confirmed the diagnosis of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Although orbital ATLL is rare, the skin is a common...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
A 69-year-old man presented with lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate biopsy showed prostate cancer. 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT revealed abnormal increased radiotracer uptake within the prostate gland, and multiple osseous structures, suspicious for tumoral involvement. Incidentally, an expansile soft tissue density mass arising from sella turcica demonstrated increased radiotracer activity. MRI showed a lobulated enhancing mass centered in the sella and eroding into the sphenoid sinus. The differential...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Bilateral lung parenchymal involvement is seen in infective as well as noninfective conditions, appearing as focal or diffuse lung disease. PET/CT with FDG helps in characterization (increased glucose utilization is seen by both inflammatory and neoplastic cells). In this article, we describe the spectrum of patterns of FDG uptake and associated CT changes involving bilateral lung parenchyma. Benign conditions described are aspiration pneumonia; pulmonary toxicity by bleomycin; infections, namely,...
Thu Sep 12, 2019 03:00
Related ArticlesmicroRNA and mRNA interactions in induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming of lymphoblastoid cell lines. Am J Stem Cells. 2019;8(2):28-37 Authors: Kumar S, Espinosa EC, Leandro AC, Curran JE, Blangero J Abstract A large number of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) have been generated and maintained in genetic/epidemiological studies as a perpetual source of DNA and as a surrogate in vitro cell model....
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Related ArticlesXeno-free trans-differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells into glial and neuronal cells. Am J Stem Cells. 2019;8(2):38-51 Authors: Elgamal A, Althani A A, Abd-Elmaksoud A, Kassab M, Farag A, Lashen S, Gabr MM, Zakaria MM, Alissawi MM, Ismail HEA, Abd El Galil A, Caceci T, Cenciarelli C C, Marei HE Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells that have the ability of self-renewal and trans-differentiation...
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