Identification of all possible HIV reservoirs is an important aspect in HIV eradication efforts. The urinary tract has however not been well studied as a potential HIV reservoir. In this pilot study we molecul...
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Infections result from invasions of an organism into body tissues leading to diseases and complications that might eventually lead to death. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials has led to development of antimi...
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Antioxidants, Vol. 8, Pages 426: The Odyssey of Bioactive Compounds in Avocado (Persea americana) and Their Health Benefits Antioxidants doi: 10.3390/antiox8100426 Authors: Deep Jyoti Bhuyan Muhammad A. Alsherbiny Saumya Perera Mitchell Low Amrita Basu Okram Abemsana Devi Mridula Saikia Barooah Chun Guang Li Konstantinos Papoutsis Persea americana, commonly known as avocado, has recently gained substantial popularity and is often marketed as a “superfood”...
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Microbial Drug Resistance, Ahead of Print.
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Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0493-1Memory retrieval involves interactions between internal or external cues and stored engrams. Identification of engrams in mice permits examination of these interactions at the level of neural ensembles. This review highlights emerging findings.
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Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0488-yThis paper first reviews the work on brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) for restoring lost motor function and then provides a perspective on how BMIs could extend to the new frontier of restoring lost emotional function in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0470-8When crossing the street, you can ignore the color of oncoming cars, but for hailing a taxi color is important. How do we learn what to represent neurally for each task? Here, Niv summarizes a decade of work on representation learning in the brain.
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Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0502-4The authors use a linear model to reveal how neural activity patterns are related to cognition or movements. They find that uninstructed movements dominate single-cell and population activity throughout the brain, outpacing task-related activity.
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Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0478-0Using data from 45,615 people, Kaufmann et al. compare the gaps between brain age and chronological age in a number of brain disorders and study the relationship of these gaps with genetics. Their research shows that the brains of individuals with a range of different brain disorders, such as dementia and schizophrenia, are aging faster than normal.
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Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0471-7Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3–96 years, Kaufmann and colleagues reveal that common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain.
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Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0503-3In this Review, Likhtik and Johansen discuss how modern neuroscience techniques applied to the study of emotional learning reveal new principles for how neuromodulatory systems regulate distributed brain circuits and flexibly adjust behaviour.
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Nature Neuroscience, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41593-019-0504-2We express decisions through movements, but not all movements matter to the outcome. For example, fidgeting is a common yet ‘nonessential’ behavior we exhibit. New evidence suggests that this non-task-related movement profoundly shapes neural activity in expert mice performing tasks.
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Abstract Objectives Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is a common finding following myocardial infarction or ischemia. Management of moderate IMR is still a hot topic. Adding mitral valve repair (MVr) to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is questionable. The goal of this study was to assess and compare short-term clinical and echocardiographic results of moderate IMR treated by CABG alone versus another group of patients treated...
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Publication date: Available online 23 September 2019Source: Academic RadiologyAuthor(s): Rania Refaat, Mohammad Abd Alkhalik BashaRationale and ObjectivesSphenoid sinus (SS) pneumatization is greatly variable. Precise determination of the pattern of SS pneumatization and its relationship to the vital neurovascular structures will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the regional SS anatomy to avoid the risk of potentially serious neural and vascular injury. We aimed to study the relationships...
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Soft Robotics, Ahead of Print.
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Though the patch clamp electrode allowed neuroscientists to study electrical signals from inside neural cells, it is a tool with very limited capabilities. No more than about a dozen cells at a time can be studied, but the brain and the neural system operate on much larger scales. To help study entire neuronal networks comprising thousands of interconnected cells, researchers at Harvard University have created an electronic chip on which neurons can grow while their electrical activity is...
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Ethicon, a part of J&J, just unveiled the ECHELON CIRCULAR, which the company touts as the first powered circular stapler specifically designed for colorectal, gastric, and thoracic procedures. The device features so-called “Gripping Surface Technology” that is supposedly more tender on the tissues being stapled, distributing forces to reduce potential damage. Also, the staples are slightly twisted when applied, and so grip tissues from different angles, which Ethicon says distributes...
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Many people experience difficulties swallowing their medications, with kids and elderly people being most commonly affected. Crushing pills and taking apart drug capsules is usually a poor solution, since the effectiveness and rate of release of medications can be significantly altered. DS Technology, a German firm, has developed a unique drinking straw that makes it easy and comfortable to take oral medications. The XStraw, as the device is called, is made to contain a pre-measured dosage...
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Electrocardiography (ECG) remains the primary clinical tool for evaluating heart function, but it has significant limitations when assessing heart failure. Ballistocardiography (BCG), which detects the slight physical movements the body experiences with each heart beat, has the potential to provide some of the information that ECG misses. The problem is that BCG is severely attenuated by each person’s unique mix of fat and muscle tissues. Although it has been studied for over a century, only now...
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Publication date: Available online 23 September 2019Source: Microbiological ResearchAuthor(s): Didem Kart, Samiye Yabanoğlu Çiftçi, Emirhan NemutluAbstractIn this study, we aimed to determine the interspecies interactions between Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans. Mono and dual-species biofilms were grown in a microtiter plate and metabolomic analysis of the biofilms was performed. The effects of togetherness of two species on the expression levels of candidal virulence genes and urease and...
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Publication date: Available online 23 September 2019Source: Microbiological ResearchAuthor(s): Moidu Jameela Rameez, Prosenjit Pyne, Subhrangshu Mandal, Sumit Chatterjee, Masrure Alam, Sabyasachi Bhattacharya, Nibendu Mondal, Jagannath Sarkar, Wriddhiman GhoshAbstractChemolithotrophic bacteria oxidize various sulfur species for energy and electrons, thereby operationalizing biogeochemical sulfur cycles in nature. The best-studied pathway of bacterial sulfur-chemolithotrophy involves direct oxidation...
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N‐Terminal acetylation of N‐terminal residues may create a degradation signal (Ac‐degron) that promotes the degradation of target proteins. However, recently,a high throughput study of N‐degrons intriguingly suggested that the N‐terminal acetylation status may be dispensable for amino‐terminal degrons, suggesting a complex role for N‐terminal acetylation in protein degradation. Abstract The N‐end rule denotes the relationship between the identity of the amino‐terminal residue of a protein...
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CIFAR's Humans & the Microbiome program is a multidisciplinary group of biological, clinical, and social scientists who explore the links between microbiome biology and sociocultural, historical, evolutionary, and environmental aspects of human existence that may impact the microbiome or be impacted by it. In this focus issue, members of the program focus on topics ranging from decoding the link between nutrition, the microbiome and human developmental, metabolic, and immune health and aging,...
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We report the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of the first fully additively manufactured carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission electron sources. The devices are created via direct ink writing (DIW)—one of the least expensive and most versatile additive manufacturing methods, capable of creating monolithic multi-material objects. The devices are 2.5 cm by 2.5 cm glass substrates coated with two imprints, i.e. a trace made of a CNT ink (the emitting electrode), symmetrically...
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We describe a revised understanding of the extent and dynamics of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet on the continental shelf of northern British Columbia, Canada. During the Local Last Glacial Maximum ice streams occupied two of the three shelf‐crossing troughs in Queen Charlotte Sound (Goose Island Trough and Mitchell's Trough). A 25‐km‐wide outlet glacier – the Hecate Glacier – flowed south in Hecate Strait, parallel to the modern coast. It reached a grounding line at the head of Moresby Trough, beyond...
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Publication date: Available online 23 September 2019Source: Acta HistochemicaAuthor(s): Amanda Katarinny Goes Gonzaga, Rodrigo Porpino Mafra, Leorik Pereira da Silva, Roseana de Almeida Freitas, Lélia Batista de Souza, Leão Pereira PintoAbstractActinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant lesion caused by chronic sun exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the degree of epithelial dysplasia and morphometric findings in AC. Sixty-eight slides of AC cases were selected...
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Publication date: Available online 24 September 2019Source: American Journal of Preventive MedicineAuthor(s): Keith P. Gennuso, Courtney K. Blomme, Marjory L. Givens, Elizabeth A. Pollock, Anne M. RoubalIntroductionRecent media coverage and research have emphasized increasing mortality rates for middle-aged white Americans. A concern is that this has shifted focus away from the health burden of other population subgroups. This cross-sectional study compares the magnitude of racial/ethnic mortality...
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Publication date: Available online 23 September 2019Source: The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyAuthor(s): Tiago V. Augusto, Cristina Amaral, Carla L. Varela, Fernanda Bernardo, Elisiário Tavares da Silva, Fernanda F.M. Roleira, Saul Costa, Natércia Teixeira, Georgina Correia-da-Silva GAbstract•Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers require estrogens for their growth. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are considered the first-line therapy for this type of tumours. Despite the...
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