Abstract Background Identification of all possible HIV reservoirs is an important aspect in HIV eradication efforts. The urinary tract has however not been well studied as a potential HIV reservoir. In this pilot study we molecularly characterized HIV-1 viruses in urine and plasma samples to investigate HIV-1 replication, compartmentalization and persistence in the urinary tract. ...
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Abstract Background Infections result from invasions of an organism into body tissues leading to diseases and complications that might eventually lead to death. Inappropriate use of antimicrobials has led to development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) which has been associated with increased mortality, morbidity and health costs. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs are designed to ensure appropriate selections of an effective...
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Nature Communications, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12069-wThere is a lack of human models to study vocal fold epithelia making it difficult to provide therapies for vocal fold disease. Here, the authors generate a human-based model of vocal fold mucosa that mimics in utero development and shows inflammation on exposure to cigarette smoke abstract.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12278-3The Chang’E-4 mission in January 2019 had the major challenge to land on the lunar far side without traditional radiometric techniques due to the missing line-of-sight. The authors here describe landing trajectory reconstruction and positioning techniques based upon the Moon’s digital terrain model that allowed reproducing the entire process of a successful landing.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12395-zDesigning free-style display technology with rapid manufacturing process at low production cost and high flexibility for the substrate´s choice remains a challenge. Here, the authors propose a pen drawing display technology that facilitates display production using liquid light-emitting materials.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12026-7The majority of published GWAS was performed in European ancestry populations. Here, Kuchenbaecker et al., test to which extent lipid loci are shared and find that the major lipid loci are mostly transferrable between Europeans and Asians while there are notable exceptions for African populations.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11954-8Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are associated with plasma lipid levels. Here, Tabassum et al. perform genome-wide association studies for lipidomic profiles with 141 (non-standard) lipid species which highlights shared genetic loci with CVD and that traditional lipids have low genetic correlation with other lipids.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12275-6Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are potential platforms for RNA-based therapeutics, but the fate of LNP-RNAs upon internalization into the cell is unclear. Here, the authors show that LNP-mRNAs and ionizable lipids escape the endosomes and are re-released via extracellular vesicles which could deliver the functional mRNA to other cells.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12313-3Antibiotic resistance is a major global health challenge. Here, the authors report on a thermoresponsive delivery system for combined photothermal and antibiotic delivery with fluorescent tracking abilities and demonstrate application against antibiotic resistant bacteria in vitro and in vivo.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12184-8The identification of synthetic essential genes of PTEN is of therapeutic potential for PTEN-deficient prostate cancers. Here, the authors show that ARID4B is a synthetic essential gene in these cancers in which deficiency of PTEN prompts the AKT-ARID4B feedback loop required for activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
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Nature Communications, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11980-6Pfs25 is a transmission-blocking vaccine candidate for Plasmodium. Here, McLeod et al. analyze the antibody response to Pfs25 in sera from a clinical trial evaluating a Pfs25 vaccine candidate, identify a potent transmission-blocking antibody and determine recognized epitopes on Pfs25.
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Abstract Objectives To investigate the impact of adaptive functioning and oral hygiene practices on tooth-brushing performance among preschool children with special health care needs (SHCN). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Special Child Care Centers. Children’s tooth-brushing performance was assessed by a standardized 13-step pro forma. Information...
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Publication date: Available online 23 September 2019Source: Allergology InternationalAuthor(s): Hirokazu Arakawa, Naoki Shimojo, Norito Katoh, Kazumi Hiraba, Yasusuke Kawada, Keiichi Yamanaka, Ken Igawa, Hiroyuki Murota, Ikuo Okafuji, Tatsuki Fukuie, Takeshi Nakahara, Taro Noguchi, Akira Kanakubo, Ichiro KatayamaAbstractBackgroundPediatric atopic dermatitis (PAD) is a pluricausal disease and is frequently seen in dermatological and pediatric practice. Therefore, it is important to find common views...
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Abstract With the rapid economic growth of China, the increasingly serious environmental problems of haze pollution have become a large concern. Urban resident’s PM2.5 reduction behavior contributes significantly to Chinese haze pollution control. Resident-level policy measures are beneficial for encouraging residents to engage in PM2.5 reduction behaviors. The current research aims to explore the long-term intervention effects of three types of policies (i.e., command and control...
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Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Immunology, Volume 61Author(s): Samantha Slight-Webb, Rebecka L Bourn, V Michael Holers, Judith A JamesProgression from health to a classified autoimmune disease is an evolving process that can happen rapidly in some diseases, but usually takes years to develop. Specific immune alterations predate pathogenic autoimmunity and can be used as disease biomarkers to identify high-risk individuals for prevention studies applied in the pre-clinical...
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Publication date: December 2019Source: Current Opinion in Immunology, Volume 61Author(s): Kavita M DhodapkarImmunotherapy of cancer with blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoints and adoptive cell therapies have led to impressive clinical responses in several cancers. However, with increasing utilization of these therapies, immune-related adverse events have emerged as a major obstacle. Herein I discuss recent insights into the immunobiology of these toxicities. Deeper understanding of the underlying...
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Steve Clarke, Nathan Emmerich, Francesca Minerva and Toni Saad have offered nuanced and insightful commentaries on my paper ‘The truth behind conscientious objection in medicine’.1 I cannot, in this brief response, do justice to all of the objections and suggestions that they have raised. I have tried to focus my response on what I take to be my interlocutors’ main concerns with my Smithian account, with the hope that we can continue the conversation elsewhere.Clarke argues that both Smith and I...
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A 65-year-old male patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (segment VIII) recovered from post-transarterial chemoembolisation syndrome on sorafenib therapy 400 mg two times per day since 4 weeks presented with slightly painful blisters over hands and callosity like lesions over feet for 2 weeks duration. There was no history of fever, oral or genital lesions. On examination, there were tender vesiculobullous lesions with erythematous halo over the palmar aspect of the first digit of both hands...
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European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41430-019-0505-yPhysical activity is associated with functional capacity of older women with osteosarcopenic obesity: 24-month prospective study
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European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Published online: 24 September 2019; doi:10.1038/s41430-019-0501-2Optical imaging technology for body size and shape analysis: evaluation of a system designed for personal use
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AbstractForward-looking papers from around the globe, addressing themes of current educational practice, were published in the FEMS Microbiology Letters virtual Thematic Issue ‘Learning for the future' in October 2019. Its dynamic content is reviewed here to facilitate discussions within the professional community. The focus is on preparing generations of 21st century professionals as lifelong learners for yet unknown working environments and demands. Active and authentic learning is covered in various...
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AbstractPhytophthora cinnamomi Rands is a devastating root rot pathogen of avocado. Robust and sensitive root quantification methods are required for determining seasonal P. cinnamomi root colonization patterns and evaluating management strategies. Our study investigated four P. cinnamomi root quantification methods using a newly developed P. cinnamomi-avocado-seedling bioassay system and a P. cinnamomi-specific probe-based qPCR assay. Phytophthora cinnamomi quantification through plating of roots...
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Abstract NRAS mutations are the most common alterations among RAS isoforms in cutaneous melanoma, with patients harboring these aggressive tumors having a poor prognosis and low survival rate. The main line of treatment for these patients is MAPK pathway‐targeted therapies, such as MEK inhibitors, but, unfortunately, the response to these inhibitors is variable due to tumor resistance. Identifying genetic modifiers involved in resistance toward MEK‐targeted therapy may assist in the development...
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BackgroundThe ED Stressor Scale outlines 15 stressors that are of importance for ED staff. Limited research has identified how commonly such stressors occur, or whether such factors are perceived with similar importance across different hospitals. This study sought to examine the frequency or perceived severity of these 15 stressors using a multicentre cohort of emergency clinicians (nurses and physicians) in EDs in two countries (Australia and Sweden).MethodThis was a cross-sectional survey of staff...
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BackgroundGeriatric patients commonly present to the ED after a fall. Recent evidence suggests that ED physicians are poorly adherent to published ED-specific geriatric fall guidelines. This study applied a theoretical domains framework (TDF) approach to systematically investigate barriers and enablers in the provision of guideline-based care to ED geriatric fall patients.MethodsFrom June to September 2017, semistructured interviews of staff ED physicians practising in Ontario, Canada, were conducted...
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