Reluctant Gangsters Revisited: The Evolution of Gangs from Postcodes to ProfitsAbstract
The aim of the current study was to understand how gangs have changed in the past 10 years since Pitts’ (2008) study in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. The study undertook interviews with 21 practitioners working on gang-related issues and 10 young people affected by gangs or formerly embedded in them. Two focus groups involving 37 participants from key agencies then explored the preliminary findings and contributed to a conceptualization of a new operating model of gangs. The study found that local gangs had evolved into more organized and profit-oriented entities than a decade earlier. The new operating model rejected visible signs of gang membership as ‘bad for business’ because they attracted unwanted attention from law enforcement agencies. Faced with a saturated drugs market in London, gangs moved out to capture drugs markets in smaller UK towns in ‘county lines’ activities. This more business-oriented ethos has changed the meaning of both territory and violence. While gang members in the original study described an emotional connection with their postcode, territory is increasingly regarded as a marketplace to be protected. Similarly, violence has moved from an expressive means of reinforcing gang identity to being increasingly used as an instrumental means of protecting business interests. The current study offers a rare opportunity to gain a picture of gangs at two time periods and contributes to work on the contested nature of UK gangs and renewed interest in gang evolution. These findings have important implications for local authorities and criminal justice agencies who need to address the profit motive of gang activity directly.
|
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,
Translate
Ετικέτες
Τετάρτη 29 Μαΐου 2019
Αναρτήθηκε από
Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,
στις
5:56 π.μ.
Ετικέτες
00302841026182,
00306932607174,
alsfakia@gmail.com,
Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,
Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis
Εγγραφή σε:
Σχόλια ανάρτησης (Atom)
Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου
-
►
2023
(278)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (139)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (139)
-
►
2022
(1962)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (107)
- ► Σεπτεμβρίου (158)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (165)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (163)
-
►
2021
(3614)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (152)
- ► Σεπτεμβρίου (271)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (64)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (357)
-
►
2020
(3279)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (396)
- ► Σεπτεμβρίου (157)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (382)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (84)
-
▼
2019
(11718)
- ► Δεκεμβρίου (265)
- ► Σεπτεμβρίου (545)
-
▼
Μαΐου
(1970)
- Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5...
- Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma harboring epide...
- Cervical cancer with breast metastasisChing-Tin...
- Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the LiverTsen-Long ...
- Pembrolizumab-induced uveitis in a patient with...
- Detection of anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene re...
- A Patient with refractory metastatic germ cell ...
- Modulation of oxidative stress by doxorubicin l...
- Antiproliferative effect of oxidative stress in...
- High-intensity focused ultrasound for localized...
- Prevention and management catheter-associated uri...
- people suffering from special phobiasAlireza Sang...
- singing on the happiness of older peopleMaryam En...
- Modeling of cardiac function of patients with a...
- patients with spinal muscular atrophy ,Ali-Asghar...
- Effect of cognitive behavior therapy integrated w...
- Warning System Designed to Predict Severe Sepsis ...
- Neurologic Complications of Infective Endocardi...
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Mediate Immunosu...
- Tumour Spheroids-on-a-Chip ,M Ibrahim Khot, Mark ...
- Cancer Research and Practice
- Nursing and Midwifery Sciences
- Critical Care Medicine
- Podcast: Being a Professional Musician with Bipola...
- Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5...
- Adjuvant therapies in venous leg ulcer management...
- Pressure Ulcer Summit 2018: An Interdisciplinary ...
- Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes the regenerat...
- Toll like receptors (TLRs) in response to human...
- Evaluation of hypercalciuria in patients receiv...
- Cytochemical tests to investigate sperm DNA dam...
- Family Medicine and Primary Care
- IL‐17A is not a treatment target in progressiv...
- The next‐generation BET inhibitor, PLX51107, d...
- Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
- Tropical Medicine
- Treating the primary in metastatic prostate cance...
- Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic kidney ...
- Treating advanced penile cancer: where do we st...
- Supplemental oxygen for the management of dyspn...
- Multidimensional measurement of breathlessness:...
- Interdisciplinary management of chronic breath...
- Supportive and Palliative Care
- Organ Transplantation
- Serum carcinoembryonic antigen to predict recurre...
- Precision medicine in the ageing world: The role ...
- Prognostic roles of microRNA 143 and microRNA 145...
- Elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet to...
- Associated measurement of fucosylated levels of A...
- Clinicopathological and prognostic significance o...
- β-Arrestin-1 expression and epithelial-to-mesench...
- Prognostic nomogram for patients with non-metasta...
- Clinicopathological and molecular differences in ...
- Performance of a MethyLight assay for methylated ...
- Cell-free microRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in...
- Urinary markers in treatment monitoring of lung c...
- Circular RNA ABCB10 promotes tumor progression an...
- Predictive significance of CYFRA21-1, squamous ce...
- Clinical significance of tumor miR-21, miR-221, m...
- The serum level of CC chemokine ligand 18 correla...
- iTRAQ-based proteomics reveals SOD2 as a potentia...
- New and old biomarkers in the differential diagno...
- Prognostic markers affecting the early recurrence...
- Cancer registries - guardians of breast cancer bi...
- Automated Pupillometry Devices in Critically Il...
- Language Monitoring in Brain Surgery Under Gene...
- Subanesthetic Dose of Ketamine Improved CFA-ind...
- Defining a Taxonomy of Intracranial Hypertensio...
- Pain Anxiety as a Mechanism Linking Pain Severi...
- The Association Between Antenatal Maternal Self...
- Prenatal Practice Staff Perceptions of Three Su...
- Exploring the Effects of Vitamin D Supplementat...
- How Might Maternal Poverty Impact the Course of...
- Poverty and Excess Length of Hospital Stay in Neo...
- The Effect of Depth of Anesthesia on Hemodynam...
- Neurosurgical Anesthesiology
- Addiction Medicine
- Vehicle Collision : Blunt rupture of the myocardiu...
- Variability in international normalized ratio a...
- Promotility Agents For The Treatment Of Ileus I...
- Ketamine Infusion for Pain Control in Adult Pat...
- Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of...
- Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
- Unfractionated heparin attenuates histone-mediat...
- Wall Contrast Enhancement of Thrombosed Intracran...
- Assessment of Explicitly Stated Interval Change o...
- Deep Learning–Based Automatic Segmentation of Lum...
- Hazardous Materials
- Sugar Alternatives : Molasses,Raw Honey,Stevia,Xyl...
- The Hearing Journal
- Molecular markers used to guide treatment, assess ...
- Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) also known as cl...
- Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) also known as ALK...
- Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS is an e...
- The KRAS gene provides instructions for making a p...
- Amplification, also known as the over-expression o...
- Mutations that lead to EGFR overexpression (known ...
- A BRCA mutation is a mutation in either of the BRC...
- BRAF is a human gene that encodes a protein called...
- Differences in the Intended Meaning of Congest...
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (1143)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (744)
-
►
2017
(2)
- ► Φεβρουαρίου (1)
- ► Ιανουαρίου (1)
Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Δημοσίευση σχολίου